Journal of Environmental Sciences
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2025
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IF 6.3
Xinting Zhao,Qinghua Zhou,Jiaxing Xie,Xin He,Yan Wang,Feng Tan
Soil aging is recognized to influence the soil-water partitioning behavior of organic pollutants, altering their mobility and bioavailability. However, the specific impacts of soil aging on the desorption behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the solid phase require further investigation. This study investigated the impact of soil aging on the distribution and desorption kinetics of eleven legacy and emerging PFAS in agricultural soils, using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. The results demonstrate that soil aging strengthened interactions between PFAS and soil particles, simultaneously reducing concentrations in both the soil solution and solid phase compartments. Additionally, high organic matter content facilitated PFAS sequestration. The nonlinear increase in PFAS mass accumulated by DGT device suggested that the consumption of PFAS at the DGT surface was partially offset by the resupply of labile PFAS from the solid phase. Modeling with the DGT-induced fluxes in soil model indicated that the labile pool size decreased following soil aging, with values ranging from 0.11 to 168 mL/g after 14 days and from 0.34 to 83 mL/g after 120 days. Overall, this study demonstrates that soil aging reduced PFAS concentration in the soil solution while also decreasing the labile pool size. These findings are significant for assessing PFAS transfer, fate, bioavailability, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health.
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤化学
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污染物归趋与迁移
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分析化学
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2026
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IF 9.5
Qiang Bi,Shiping Zhao,Yumiao Zhang,Cai Zhang,Kechun Wang,Jingfeng Tian,Yi Zhao,Juanqin Xue
The escalating threat of per and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances to human health and the ecological environment has intensified the need for advanced porous adsorbents. Herein, we report a series of mono and bifunctionalized MOF 808 materials grafted with fluoroalkyl and amino groups, systematically evaluating the contribution of the trifluoromethylalanine (TFMA) moiety toward broad spectrum PFAS uptake. Batch adsorption experiments reveal exceptional capacities of MOF 808 TFMA for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), reaching 1558.3 and 605.4 mg g-1, respectively, with equilibration achieved within 30 minutes. Over 85% removal efficiency was maintained even at trace concentrations, alongside strong anti interference capability. The material retained 81% of its initial efficiency after five regeneration cycles using methanol–ammonia. Combined experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate a multi synergistic site mechanism: amino enabled hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions dominate short chain PFAS capture, while fluorophilic and hydrophobic interactions enhance long chain PFAS adsorption. Notably, we identify for the first time an “adsorption trough” for perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), attributed to a pore size–molecular dimension critical matching effect (ΔS° < 0), providing a theoretical early warning for avoiding synergistic failure in adsorbent design. The bifunctional MOF 808 TFMA demonstrates outstanding PFAS removal performance in real wastewater, offering a foundational strategy for the rational design of next generation PFAS adsorbents.
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MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
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2026
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IF 4.9
Nuo Chen,Jing-Chun Feng,Li Tang,Rui Hou,Si Zhang
A multi-matrix workflow for 30 PFAS in marine samples was optimized. • The method is reliable for seawater, sediment, and SPM under high-salinity conditions. • Trace PFAS are quantified with high precision (recoveries 60–120%, RSD < 20%). • The method supports large-scale marine pollution surveys. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of novel, persistent, bioaccumulative, and globally concerning pollutants, are ubiquitous in marine environments and significantly threaten ecosystem health. The high salinity and complex matrices of marine environments present significant analytical challenges, and existing methods are limited in terms of medium coverage, target diversity, and interference resistance. Therefore, developing a reliable method for simultaneously analyzing trace PFAS across multiple environmental media is critical. To investigate the occurrence, partitioning, and environmental behavior of PFAS in seawater, sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM), this study optimized established analytical workflows for different matrices to simultaneously quantify 30 legacy and emerging PFAS. This study optimized solid-phase extraction (SPE) conditions for high-salinity seawater, including sorbent type, pH, and washing and elution procedures, finalizing a protocol comprising a weak anion exchange cartridge at pH 6, washing with 50 mL Milli-Q water, and elution with 0.1% ( v /v) ammonia in methanol. Optimal sediment (5 g) processing utilized SPE with 20 mL of methanol–water (1:1, v/v). For SPM, methanol alone was identified as the optimal extraction solvent. The established ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method demonstrated high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for the 30 compounds. Rigorous quality control ensured reliable data, with most PFAS recoveries at 60%–120% and <20% relative standard deviation. The method was applied to quantify PFAS across marine samples, revealing distinct phase and spatiotemporal distributions (seawater: ∑ 30 PFAS = 1.34–19.9 ng/L; SPM: 3.57–52.3 ng/g dw; sediment: 0.109–1.95 ng/g dw). Download: Download high-res image (197KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Ziming Xin,Chendao Ruan,Jing Wang,Yuejin Zhang,Jiyan Shi
Fe/Mg co-modified biochar enabled simultaneous PFAS adsorption and Cr(VI) reduction–immobilization. • Acid-washed Fe₄Mg₁-NBC showed enhanced removal, pore accessibility, and regenerability. • Experiments and DFT confirmed hierarchical pores, bimetallic sites, and interfacial synergy as key mechanisms. Simultaneous removal of per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water remains challenging because of their divergent adsorption, redox, and interfacial behaviors. Herein, Fe/Mg co-modified N-doped biochar (Fe₄Mg₁-NBC) was fabricated through a hydrothermal synthesis strategy followed by pyrolysis and acid washing for the synergistic remediation of PFAS/Cr(VI) co-contaminated water. The optimized Fe/Mg ratio regulated the pore architecture and surface chemistry, producing a hierarchically porous, partially graphitized carbon matrix enriched with oxygen-containing groups and highly dispersed Fe–O/Mg–O active sites. Fe₄Mg₁-NBC exhibited superior removal performance toward PFOA, PFOS, PFBA, PFBS, and Cr(VI) in both single-solute and binary systems, with favorable adsorption under weakly acidic conditions and moderate temperatures. Acid washing further improved performance by eliminating inactive residues, opening blocked pores, and exposing additional active sites, while more than 90% of the initial adsorption efficiency was retained after five regeneration cycles. XPS analysis revealed Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ transformation and Metal–F interactions, indicating that Cr(VI) removal proceeded through Fe-mediated reduction followed by Cr(III) immobilization, whereas PFAS uptake involved electrostatic attraction, coordination, hydrophobic interaction, and pore filling. DFT calculations further demonstrated that Fe/Mg co-doping markedly enhanced PFAS adsorption affinity, decreasing the adsorption energy from +0.43 eV on pristine biochar to −1.24 eV on Fe/Mg-NBC. Co-adsorption configurations also suggested that Fe and Mg sites provided complementary functions for Cr(VI) activation and PFAS stabilization in mixed systems. These findings establish Fe₄Mg₁-NBC as a reusable multifunctional adsorbent for efficient treatment of PFAS/Cr(VI)-contaminated water. Download: Download high-res image (167KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2026
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IF 6.6
Sung-Hyo Jung,Sung-Hak Hong,Heejin Yang,Chang-Gu Lee
UV 222 /hBN exhibited 3-fold higher k PFOA than UV 254 /hBN under equal UV fluence. • UV 222 induced relatively higher C hole than UV 254 with strengthened light activity. • Acidic pH enhanced PFOA adsorption and hole utilization particularly under UV 222 . • UV 222 /hBN demonstrated greater robustness against water matrices than UV 254 /hBN. Hydrophobic hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has attracted attention as a promising material for the UV-C light-driven photocatalysis of aqueous per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Far UV-C light centered at 222 nm (UV 222 ) could provide a suitable irradiation source for contending wide band gap of hBN, serving as an alternative to conventional 254 nm UV-C (UV 254 ). This study investigated the first application of a KrCl lamp emitting UV 222 in combination with hBN to degrade perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and compared it with UV 254 under equal UV fluence. UV 222 demonstrated superior hBN activation performance, with UV 222 /hBN exhibiting a higher PFOA degradation rate constant and more extensive chain shortening and defluorination than UV 254 /hBN. These enhancements were attributed to the higher light absorbance of hBN under UV 222, supported by the higher photocurrent response, as well as contributions from direct photolysis. Photogenerated holes were identified as the main reactive species, and their concentration was estimated to be 2.7 times higher in UV 222 /hBN than in UV 254 /hBN. Notably, acidic pH conditions enhanced PFOA adsorption, thereby promoting hole utilization, and the photocatalytic promotion effect was more pronounced under UV 222 than under UV 254 . Moreover, the inhibitory effect of natural water matrix components, including inorganic ions and natural organic matters, was also minimal in UV 222 /hBN. This study demonstrated that far UV-C serves as an effective hBN activation source, offering a viable engineering strategy for the photocatalytic treatment of PFASs. Download: Download high-res image (124KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 10.6
Chong Tan,Xin Lyu,Xiaole Weng,Kun Yang,Lifeng Cao
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in firefighting foams represent a persistent source of groundwater contamination due to their extreme environmental stability and toxicological properties. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of PFAS in eleven in-use firefighting foams collected from China's Yangtze River Delta, integrating non-targeted screening with total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assays. A total of 185 distinct PFAS compounds were identified, including 119 anionic, 100 cationic, and 34 zwitterionic species, representing the most diverse PFAS profile reported to date for firefighting foams in the Yangtze River Delta. Parallel analysis detected 139 hydrocarbon surfactants, underscoring the chemical complexity of real-world foam residues. QSAR-ToxPi modeling classified the identified PFAS into three tiers, with 95 compounds (51.4%) falling into the high-hazard category. TOP assays demonstrated that ostensibly PFAS-reduced formulations contained precursor reservoirs capable of generating terminal PFOA at concentrations up to 5198.4 mg/L, nearly 30-fold above initial measurements. These findings demonstrate that expanding water-quality monitoring programs to include PFAS precursors is essential to improve risk assessments for AFFF-impacted groundwater and drinking water sources.
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Emerging Contaminants
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·100727
·
IF 8.2
Yongxia Hu,Hui Chen,Ying Chen,Yi Tang,Tao Jin,Zongrui Li,Shengjun Wu,Yunjiang Yu
Transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the Yangtze River is a growing concern because the river provides drinking water for over 400 million people. However, tributary PFAS inputs to the Yangtze River remain poorly characterized, and the potential risks in numerous tributaries are largely unknown. In this study, 29 legacy and emerging PFAS were quantified in water (13.3–316 ng/L), suspended particulate matter (SPM) (0.67–40.2 ng/L), and sediment (0.52–387 ng/g) collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA) was the most abundant individual PFAS in water, whereas perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) were the predominant compounds in SPM and sediment, respectively. Our analysis reveals that PFAS discharge from tributaries is a dominant contributor to PFAS accumulation in receiving waters. While larger tributaries in the TGR region generally exhibit lower aqueous PFAS concentrations than smaller tributaries, they account for the majority of the total PFAS flux entering the Yangtze River. Our results demonstrate that PFAS alternatives, including PFBA, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and 6:2 FTS, are growing in relative prominence as replacement compounds for legacy PFAS. PFBA and PFOA were found to pose potential ecological and human health risks in tributary water, highlighting the need for future regulatory measures concerning these PFAS compounds in the tributaries of the TGR region. Download: Download high-res image (296KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Sustainable Materials and Technologies
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2026
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IF 9.2
Poonnawit Hanphaiboon,Xuejiao Liu,Riaz Ahmad,Jie Zhang,Beibei Pan,Yin Wang
Per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent and toxic pollutants, demand innovative, sustainable water treatment. This study introduces a steam-activated carbon from waste coffee grounds (CGAC) utilizing a chemical-free, nitrogen self-doping strategy for efficient PFAS removal. Raw coffee grounds, inherently rich in nitrogen (2.70 wt%), underwent pyrolysis and steam activation, yielding CGAC with high surface area (~1200 m 2 /g), hierarchical porosity, and retained nitrogen (1.76 wt%). Batch experiments showed that CGAC achieved nearly 100 % PFOS and > 75 % PFBS removal at a low dose of 0.025 g/L, outperforming commercial coconut and bamboo activated carbons, with adsorption capacities of 286.1 mg/g (PFOS) and 32.4 mg/g (PFBS). CGAC exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining >90 % PFOS removal over four ethanol regeneration cycles. Water matrix studies revealed that divalent cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) enhanced PFAS uptake via cation bridging, while humic acid reduced adsorption through competitive interactions. CGAC maintained high PFOS selectivity even under anionic competition (Cl − , NO₃ − ), and competitive adsorption further confirmed suppressed short-chain PFBS uptake in the presence of PFOS. Mechanistic analyses showed that PFOS and PFBS follow fundamentally distinct adsorption pathways on the same surface: PFOS adsorption (Langmuir, pseudo-first-order, entropy-driven) was dominated by hydrophobic interactions facilitated by low desolvation energy and exhibited minimal pH dependence. Conversely, PFBS adsorption (Freundlich, pseudo-second-order, enthalpy-driven) relied on electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, consistent with its pH sensitivity and cation-mediated enhancement. By explicitly demonstrating this dual-mechanism capability on a single waste-derived carbon surface, CGAC synergistically resolves the hydrophobic-electrostatic trade-off in PFAS adsorption. This leverages CG's intrinsic chemistry for a chemical-free, cost-effective, and scalable PFAS remediation solution, while simultaneously valorizing coffee waste.
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TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Zhisen Zhuang,Lijuan You,Jianbo Kong,Yaru Tian,Yongning Li,Yuan Zhi,Bo Zhang,Yi Wan,Xudong Jia,Hui Yang
Phthalate esters (PAEs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous pollutants tied to metabolic and immune disorders. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway has been indicated to mediate their toxic effects, but the specific functions of PPAR subtypes and their mediating roles remain unclear. In this study, we generated PPARα-, δ-, and γ-specific knockout THP-1 cell lines by using CRISPR/Cas9 system and then differentiated them into interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13)-polarized macrophages (alternative activation). During the induction process, the cells were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM of five PAE metabolites: Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), Monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), Monoisonyl phthalate (MINP), Monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP), and Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP); and five PFAS: Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), Potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS-K), and Potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (F53B) for 48 h. The results showed that PPARδ deletion abolished CD209 expression, confirming its essential role, whereas PPARα deletion reduced and PPARγ deletion enhanced CD209, indicating PPARα promotes and PPARγ restrains alternative activation. Compounds displayed subtype-selective actions: MEHP activated PPARα/γ; MBzP/MCHP inhibited PPARδ yet activated PPARγ; MINP activated PPARγ only. Among PFAS, PFOS-K activated PPARδ/γ; F53B inhibited PPARα; PFOA activated PPARγ; PFDA inhibited PPARα/δ. Transcriptomics revealed compound-specific enrichments—cholesterol (MEHP), fatty-acid (MCHP), glycolysis (PFOS-K), TCA cycle (PFOA)—despite common PPAR pathway engagement. In conclusion, PAEs and PFAS disrupt macrophage plasticity through distinct PPAR-subtype signatures, providing molecular landmarks for future hazard assessment of environmental pollutants.
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WATER RESEARCH
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2024
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IF 11.4
Xiangzhe Jiang,Yihua Luo,Shuang Mu,Bojiang Meng,Wei Wang,Gang Yu,Shubo Deng
Anion exchange resin (AER) adsorption is an effective technology for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater. However, existing AERs with tributylamine functional groups have poor adsorption selectivity for perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), and the structure-selectivity relationship is still unclear. In this study, several novel gel AERs with long-chain amine groups were prepared. It was found that their adsorption selectivity for 6:2 FTS was 3.3–5.1 times that of commercial AERs, and the adsorption amount for 6:2 FTS in chromium-plating wastewater was 2.1 times that of the commercial PFA694E. On this basis, we synthesized 16 AERs with different quaternary amine functional groups, and explored the structure-selectivity relationship through the selectivity coefficients and adsorption energies of different AERs for seven typical PFAS. The order of adsorption selectivity of AERs with different quaternary amine groups for PFAS was AER-(12–1-1) > AER-(8–1-1) > AER-(4–4-4) > AER-(4–1-1) ≈ AER-(2–2-2) > AER-(1–1-1), where the three numbers are the carbon-chain lengths of the three alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom of the quaternary amine group. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the enhanced adsorption selectivity and contribution of both non-electrostatic and electrostatic interactions by the long-chain amine groups, and a quantitative relationship between theoretical calculations and experimental results was established. These results could provide guidance for the development of efficient adsorbents for PFAS removal from wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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Advanced Science
·
2026
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IF 14.1
Hao Yu,Jialei Guo,Peng Zhang,Hongyi Li,Feng He,Hongwen Sun
Short-chain and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a significant threat to water security due to their high mobility and environmental persistence. Current strategies relying solely on adsorption or degradation remain inefficient and incomplete solutions. Herein, a closed-loop “Concentrate-&-Destroy” strategy integrating an interface engineering-enhanced sorbent of the polypyrrole (PPy) nanostructured coating carbon felt (PPy@P-CF) with Cu 2+ -mediated photochemical destruction is presented. This designed PPy@P-CF enabled rapid and efficient adsorption of short-chain PFAS (C2-C4) and emerging GenX, with equilibrium achieved within 300 s and maximum sorption capacities reaching 283.2–572.1 mg g −1 , surpassing those of granular activated carbon (GAC) and CF by over 21 and 5 times, respectively, under identical conditions. Dynamic column tests demonstrated a 5-fold improvement in breakthrough volume (exceeding 4000 bed volumes) compared to GAC and CF columns. Furthermore, the spent PPy@P-CF can be regenerated by solvent washing for reusability, and Cu 2+ -mediated photochemical degradation achieved complete defluorination of concentrated PFAS in eluate within 5 h by a ligand-to-metal charge transfer process. In practical applications, a bulk PPy@P-CF module achieved > 96% removal of 27 diverse PFAS from real contaminated water, followed by complete photochemical defluorination. This integrated approach provides an adoptable solution for eliminating persistent short-chain and emerging PFAS.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
·
IF 13.3
Liangdi Jiang,Zhouyang Huang,Jiacan Xu,Liqiu Zhang,Ziwen Du
Selectivity is the key for adsorption or recovery of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous environments. In this study, the fluorinated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different fluorine contents were prepared and investigated to evaluate the selective adsorption of an emerging PFAS, sodium p‑perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS). Adsorption of OBS increased with the increasing fluorine content of MOFs, and the best fluorinated MOFs showed an excellent selective adsorption capacity. The influence of various co-existing hydrocarbon substances on OBS adsorption was slight. The adsorption amount of OBS was 15-fold to that of the hydrocarbon surfactants (n-caprylic acid). The selectivity was attributed to the fluorinated structures of MOFs whose oil contact angle was up to 101°, and thus the oleophobicity of fluorinated structures made MOFs repel hydrocarbon compounds. Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations indicated that the fluorinated structures were able to capture OBS molecules from the long distances (roughly 1–100 nm) via hydrophobic interaction, and then formed a F–F non-covalent interaction which was highly probable to be driven by a dispersion force to further attract OBS fluorinated tails within shorter distances (less than 3.5 Å). The combination of oleophobic and fluorophilic effects contribute to the exclusive selectivity of fluorinated MOFs for OBS molecule.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
·
化学
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