PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING
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2026
·Vol. 46
·期 4
·61
·
IF 3.5
Sun Shaohua,Liu Hui,Zhang Yu,Liu Jinglin,Zhu Xiaomei,Yao Ziwei,Sun Bing
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent organic pollutant ubiquitous in aquatic environment, which poses a major threat to ecosystem and human health. In this work, the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system degraded PFOA effectively, and the removal rate of PFOA with initial concentration of 10 mg/L and 2 mg/L was 100% within 15 min of discharge. The enhanced degradation effect was observed at higher initial concentration and lower pH value, which was attributed to the enrichment of surfactant-driven PFOA at the gas-liquid interface. Mechanistic investigations based on radical diagnosis and organofluorine intermediate analysis revealed that the degradation proceeds via a synergistic action of electrons and ·OH, with electron-induced defluorination being the dominant pathway. In addition, the degradation efficiency can be further improved by optimizing discharge parameters or adding Fe 2+ , persulfate or choloride. This study supports a micro-reaction mechanism for the degradation of PFOA by DBD plasma, and provides a reference for improving the degradation efficiency of perfluorinated compounds. Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 11.3
Xin Liu,Qing Wang,Zhuanxia Zhang,Liangchun Jia,Zhenxing Shen,Tengwen Long,George Zheng Chen,Jun He,Xin Song
The co-mingled plumes of chloroethenes and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) raise a major challenge for groundwater remediation. This study is the first try to apply sulfidated nano zero-valent iron supported on calcined layered double oxides (S-nZVI@LDO) for simultaneous removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Our findings revealed that 2 g/L S-nZVI@LDO simultaneously removed 73.3 % TCE and 37.8 % PFOA in pure water, with 49.5 % TCE degraded to less chlorinated products and 23.8 % adsorbed or unquantified transformation of C 3 –C 6 hydrocarbons. Comparative experiments using individual and co-occurring TCE and PFOA revealed that co-existing PFOA and TCE minimally affected their respective removal efficiencies, highlighting S-nZVI@LDO’s suitability for co-contaminant remediation. Furthermore, S-nZVI@LDO achieved optimal TCE and PFOA removal under acidic conditions, surpassing non-composite S-nZVI and LDO. Based on the characterization of S-nZVI@LDO, TCE removal involved reductive dechlorination and sorption via hydrophobic interactions, while PFOA removal was primarily driven by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. In real groundwater, S-nZVI@LDO achieved 58.2 % TCE and 33.7 % PFOA removal. Additionally, S-nZVI@LDO simultaneously removed nine different PFASs from a 12-PFASs mixture and demonstrated greater effectiveness for long-chain PFASs and their alternatives (e.g., GenX) owing to their hydrophobic nature. These findings highlight the potential of S-nZVI@LDO as an effective material for TCE-PFOA co-contaminated groundwater.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 9
Peiqing Zhang,Ruxue Bai,Yan Guo,Zhen Ma,Sihang Li,Quan Feng,Zhenyu Li,Haihua Wang
Global attention has focused on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) because of its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity. This study investigated evaluating the effectiveness of modified bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM) in removing PFOA from aqueous solutions using the ultrafiltration technique. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) were cross-linked onto BCM via the Michael addition and Schiff base reaction. The cross-linked layer acted as a functional and adhesive layer to immobilize PEI-grafted carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cMP), obtaining BCM/EP/cMP as an adsorptive membrane for PFOA removal. The pure water flux of BCM/EP/cMP was 42.90 ± 2.87 L m -2 h −1 , increased by 40 % compared to BCM. In dynamic filtration, the maximum removal rate of BCM/EP/cMP reached 98.10 % for 5 mg L -1 of PFOA. The incorporation of amine-rich and positively charged cMP enhanced the removal rate of PFOA by 50 % compared to BCM/EP. Additionally, BCM/EP/cMP showed over 83 % removal of natural organic matter (NOM) in antifouling experiments and maintained a flux recovery rate over 88 % after 5 cycles. In summary, the biologically prepared high-efficiency separation membrane showed potential for removing emerging PFOA from aqueous solutions.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
·
IF 9.038
Kaihang Zhang,David Kujawski,Chris Spurrell,Dong Wang,Junchen Yan,John C. Crittenden
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are resistant to biodegradation leading to adverse health outcomes. Therefore, PFAS removal from drinking water is paramount. Liquid-liquid extraction processes can remove them from water; however, the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of PFOA lead to the low extraction efficiency and severe emulsification , especially for the ppm-levels concentration of PFOA. Therefore, we introduced ionic liquid (IL) methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([A336][NTf 2 ]) as extractant into octanol. We found that using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as an extractant caused severe and stable emulsion. In comparison, [A336][NTf 2 ] could suppress the emulsification with high extraction efficiency. The extraction performance of PFOA was examined as a function of various parameters. The results showed that the extraction efficiency was strongly dependent on the concentration of IL and aqueous pH. Further research revealed the extraction mechanisms at the molecular-level, and density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation agreed with the trends in the experiment. We determined that the extraction efficiency of PFOA from water could be up to 88.21 wt% for the optimized condition, indicating that the extraction system of [A336][NTf 2 ] + octanol was efficient for separating PFOA from the diluted aqueous solution.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
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2017
·
IF 4.217
Chenmin Xu,Pengxiang Qiu,Huan Chen,Fang Jiang
Platinum modified indium oxide nanorods (Pt/IONRs) were synthesized and applied for photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). IONRs synthesized at 700 °C with 3 wt% Pt exhibited optimal activity in the degradation of PFOA. The improvement of photocatalytic efficiency is mainly ascribed to two aspects: the load of Pt and the rod-like structure, which could promote light harvesting and enhance the separation rate of charge carriers. Besides, the oxygen vacancies on the surface of photocatalyst may accelerate the degradation of PFOA as well. These results suggested that Pt/IONRs could be a promising photocatalyst for PFOA degradation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 29
·期 17
·24672-24681
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IF 4.223
Zhang Qi,Wu Xiaoli,Lyu Xueyan,Gao Bin,Wu Jichun,Sun Yuanyuan
The widespread usage of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has led to their ubiquitous co-existence with hydrocarbon surfactants in the subsurface environment. In this study, column experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of an anionic hydrocarbon surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, SDBS, 1 and 10 mg/L) on the transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in two saturated natural soils under different cation type (Na + and Ca 2+ ) conditions. Results showed that SDBS (10 mg/L) significantly enhanced the transport of PFOA in two soils. This was likely because SDBS had a stronger adsorption affinity to the soils than PFOA, and can outcompete PFOA for the finite adsorption sites on the soil surface. The effect of SDBS on PFOA transport varied greatly in the two soils. More negatively charged soil surface and greater soil particle size likely contributed to the more noticeable transport-enhancement of PFOA resulting from the presence of SDBS. Also, the enhancement effect of SDBS (10 mg/L) with Ca 2+ on PFOA transport was more significantly than that with Na + . This was possibly due to the blocking effect of SDBS to the more positively charged soil surface induced by Ca 2+ . Findings of this study point out the importance of anionic hydrocarbon surfactants on PFOA transport when assessing its environmental risks and implementing remediation efforts.
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤学
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WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 93
·期 3
·455-463
·
IF 1.369
Yuanhao Li,Qiufeng Lin,Cong Li,Zijian Weiguo,Luo Xu,Kejia Zhang
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one kind of persistent organic pollutants that is often detected in water. In recent years, the effective degradation technologies of PFOA have attracted widespread attentions. Thus, in this study, the defluorination efficiency of PFOA in different systems (i.e., ultraviolet (UV), vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), vacuum ultraviolet/persulfate (VUV/PS) and vacuum ultraviolet/residual chlorine (VUV/RC)) was evaluated. Moreover, the different impact factors (i.e., the initial concentrations of persulfate and PFOA, temperature, anions, and initial pH values) on PFOA degradation by VUV/PS system were investigated. The results showed that VUV system was more effective than UV system for PFOA defluorination. VUV system combined with persulfate would further enhance the defluorination efficiency while residual chlorine would decrease it. In VUV/PS system, the defluorination efficiency of PFOA was the best as the molar ratio of PFOA and persulfate at 1:60. Moreover, higher temperature, lower initial PFOA concentration, and acid condition were favorable for the defluorination of PFOA. Under the different influence factors, the defluorination efficiency of PFOA fitted well to the first-order reaction kinetic model. When the temperature was range from 20°C to 40°C, the value of activation energy was 8.73 kJ/mol. Besides, the inhibition effect of three kinds of anions on PFOA defluorination followed the order: > Cl − > . Practitioner points The defluorination efficiency of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water by different VUV systems was compared. VUV system is more effective than UV system for PFOA defluorination. Persulfate will enhance the defluorination efficiency by VUV system. Hypochlorite will decrease the defluorination efficiency by VUV system.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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污染物降解
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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
·
2021
·Vol. 16
·期 8
·1-10
·
IF 4.357
Shen Zhichao,Zhan Lu,Xu Zhenming
Current study proposes a green regeneration method of activated carbon (AC) laden with Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) from the perspective of environmental safety and resource regeneration. The defluorination efficiencies of AC adsorbed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) using three molten sodium salts and one molten alkali were compared. Results showed that defluorination efficiencies of molten NaOH for the three PFCs were higher than the other three molten sodium salts at lower temperature. At 700°C, the defluorination efficiencies of PFOS and PFBS using molten NaOH reached to 84.2% and 79.2%, respectively, while the defluorination efficiency of PFOA was 35.3%. In addition, the temperature of molten salt, the holding time and the ratio of salt to carbon were directly proportional to the defluorination efficiency. The low defluorination efficiency of PFOA was due to the low thermal stability of PFOA, which made it difficult to be captured by molten salt. The weight loss range of PFOA was 75°C–125°C, which was much lower than PFOS and PFBS (400°C–500°C). From the perspective of gas production, fluorine-containing gases produced from molten NaOH-treated AC were significantly reduced, which means that environmental risks were significantly reduced. After molten NaOH treatment, the regenerated AC had higher adsorption capacity than that of pre-treated AC.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
·
2026
·Vol. 53
·期 1
·440
·
IF 3.2
Ding Hongran,Slack Maya,McClure Holly,Gu Wen,Gu Helene,Kappes Ferdinand,Schultz Thomas F.,Somarelli Jason A.,Tsigkou Anastasia
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals extensively used as plastic additives. Their environmental persistence and potential for bioaccumulation have raised significant toxicological concerns. This study evaluates the cytotoxic and molecular effects of Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement compound, Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxohexanoic) acid (GenX), in human-derived skin (A375), liver (HepG2), kidney (SN12C), and colon (SW620) cell lines. The experimental design assessed cell viability, gene expression, and perturbations in key cellular stress pathways, with a particular focus on TGF-β/SMAD-mediated inflammation and the p53-driven DNA damage response. Our results demonstrate compound- and cell-type-specific toxicity, with GenX displaying reduced cytotoxicity compared to PFOA across all cell types. Molecular analyses revealed that both PFAS induced alterations in the TGF-β/SMAD pathway, consistent with a pro-inflammatory cellular state. Additionally, we observed activation of the DNA damage response, as evidenced by increased expression of ATM, ATR, and p53, alongside ribosomal stress-related changes in RPL5 and RPL11. Notably, while skin and liver cells exhibited similar response profiles, kidney and colon cells showed divergent modulation of SMAD signaling, suggesting tissue-specific susceptibility and mechanistic differences. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the differential toxicological profiles of legacy and replacement PFAS, with implications for health risk assessment and regulatory policy. Graphical abstract
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2025
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IF 6.1
Mei-Ling Le,Yi-Qi Wan,Jia-Yu Xue,Shi-Yi Deng,Bin-Hui Wang,Li-Hai Wu,Hou-Peng Wang,Yang-Yang Yuan,Xiao-Dong Kuang,Tao Luo,Da-Lei Zhang
Hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) homologues (HFPOs), presenting HFPO-dimeric acid (DA), HFPO-trimeric acid (TA) and HFPO-tetrameric acid (TeA), are emerging replacements for legacy perfluorooctanoic acid that are increasingly used for a variety of industrial applications. These novel fluorinated compounds have attracted much attention due to their environmental ubiquity and potential toxicities. However, there is a lack of clarity about their toxicological impact on male reproductive health. In our study, the mouse model was used to investigate the toxic effects of HFPOs on male reproductive function and their underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that male mice exposed to HFPOs for 8 weeks presented structural and functional abnormalities in the testis and mature sperm, as evidenced by destructed seminiferous tubule, decreased testosterone levels and sperm quality. Furthermore, treatment with HFPOs elevated reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content and diminished superoxide dismutase activity and succinate dehydrogenase levels, along with downregulated anti-apoptotic BCL-2 expression and upregulated pro-apoptotic BAX expression. Moreover, oral administration of HFPOs impaired testicular mitochondrial structure along with reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial DNA copy number and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics. In summary, HFPOs can impair male fertility by disrupting spermatogenesis and reducing sperm quality through multiple mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and suppression of steroidogenesis. This work aims to improve our comprehension regarding the potential risks and adverse impacts of exposure to HFPO congeners on male reproductive health.
研究领域:
毒理学
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生殖生物学
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环境健康科学
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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 9.7
Helei Cai,Shihao Luo,Zhengrong Zhou,Feixia Chen,Jiawei Ying,Qiufang Wu,Yize Wu,Shihua Chen,Xinxin Yao,Feiqin Xie,Wenhui Xu,Ke Xu,Renyi Peng
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA), as representative long-chain and short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are widely distributed in the environment. These compounds can interact with nanoplastics (NPs) to form complex mixed pollutants, posing potential threats to aquatic organisms and human health. The nervous system, characterized by high sensitivity and energy dependence, is particularly vulnerable to such pollutants. However, the mechanisms underlying neurological toxicity induced by co-exposure to PFOA, PFBA, and NPs remain largely unclear. In this study, zebrafish larvae and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were employed as model systems to systematically evaluate the effects of PFOA and PFBA, alone or in combination with NPs, on neural development, behavior, cell viability, mitochondrial function, and autophagy. The results demonstrated that NPs exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity for PFOA than for PFBA, and that co-exposure exacerbated neurodevelopmental impairments, behavioral abnormalities, and reductions in cell viability. At the molecular level, co-exposure markedly inhibited the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway, resulting in mitochondrial damage accumulation, disruption of energy metabolism, and blockade of autophagic flux. Through PINK1 overexpression and pharmacological activation experiments, the pivotal role of the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway in mitigating neurotoxicity was functionally validated. Collectively, this study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which co-exposure to PFOA, PFBA, and NPs induces neurotoxicity via suppression of mitophagy. These findings identify a potential molecular target for the prevention and treatment of PFAS- and NPs-induced neurological injury and provide valuable theoretical and experimental evidence for evaluating the neurotoxic risks of mixed environmental pollutants.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2025
·
IF 6.7
Holden M. Nelson,Zhiliang Xu,Hui Li,James J. Moran
Remediation approaches for reducing environmental loading of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) require the ability to track PFAS origin sources. One common source attribution method for environmental contaminants is stable isotope analysis, with magnetic sector isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) being the workhorse for making these measurements. However, relatively large sample requirements and the requisite deconstruction of analytes to simple gases (e.g., CO2) inhibit the application of IRMS to PFAS in environmental contexts, where even trace PFAS concentrations can exhibit toxicological effects, and decomposition of PFAS yields instrument-degrading HF. To circumvent these limitations, we developed an electrospray ionization Orbitrap-IRMS method to determine stable carbon isotope (13C) ratios of PFAS with reduced sample quantities, without producing HF, and with the additional capability of performing intramolecular isotope ratio measurements for increased sample discrimination potential. We demonstrate this approach using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as a model compound. We collected twenty-three samples of neat, commercially available PFOA with different lot numbers from 15 different suppliers and determined that the full molecule stable carbon isotope ratios span ∼25‰ with a measurement precision of 0.7‰. The stable isotope ratios of the decarboxylated fragment of PFOA span ∼28‰ with a measurement precision of 0.2‰. Of the 253 possible pairwise comparisons between the samples, 230 are significantly different based on the combined full and intramolecular isotopic signatures. The isotopic analyses suggest a correlation with the PFOA synthesis method. Our results highlight the potential of Orbitrap-IRMS as a forensic tool for the source attribution of PFAS contaminants.
研究领域:
环境化学
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分析化学
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环境溯源学
·
同位素比值质谱分析
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