POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Shujia Chen,Tianyun Dong,Yuwei Lan
Flexible strain sensors have garnered significant attention for applications in wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces. However, many previously reported sensors suffer from limited deformability, complex fabrication, and unstable signal output under dynamic conditions, largely due to the low polarity, poor flexibility, and weak interfacial compatibility of commonly used polymer substrates. In this work, we report a PVC/PVA/MCNTs composite, in which the incorporation of PVA significantly improves the matrix polarity and interfacial interaction, thereby enhancing flexibility and processability. Fabricated via a simple solvent-casting method, the sensor exhibits high stretchability (>300 %), low hysteresis (2.04 %), fast response (240 ms), and stable performance over 1000 dynamic cycles. The sensor enables accurate, real-time monitoring of human joint movements and tracks varying bending angles of robotic fingers, confirming its practical value in biomechanical sensing and soft robotics control. These results demonstrate that the developed composite substrate exhibits excellent mechanical and sensing performance. The introduction of dual substrate components enhances matrix polarity, thereby broadening the range of compatible functional fillers and establishing a promising platform for future flexible electronic applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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传感器技术
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可穿戴电子学
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生物力学
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软体机器人
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 45
·期 1
·123-130
·
IF 3.288
Wei Gao,Pingping Jiang,Qian Gu,Hong Zhang,Pingbo Zhang,Agus Haryono
A novel green plasticizer, acetylated lactic acid 1,6-hexane diester (ALHD), was successfully synthesized based on L-lactic acid, a renewable organic acid from corn starch. Its chemical structure was characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The plasticizing effects of ALHD as an alternative substitute for commercial plasticizer acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated in detail. The results show that the PVC films plasticized using ALHD have better organic solvent resistance and food mimic migration stability than ATBC. After 24 hours of extraction in cyclohexane and petroleum ether, the weight loss of PVC sample S5 plasticized using pure ALHD was reduced by 83.6% and 77.5%, respectively, compared to that of PVC sample S1 plasticized with pure ATBC. Furthermore, after 72 hours of migration in activated carbon, the weight loss of PVC sample S5 decreased by 44.0% compared to that of PVC sample S1, which indicated that ALHD had excellent volatility and migration stability. The elongation at break of the PVC pieces increased from 644.65% to 802.15% as the content of ALHD improved, showing an increase of 24.4%. The mechanical property analysis showed that, with the replacement of ALHD in the place of ATBC, the PVC blends exhibited better flexibility and elasticity.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
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环境科学
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高分子科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Sun Jiayou,Ding Tianyang,Zhao Xue,Wang Pengcheng,Chen Wen,Yu Jie
In this study, the dehydrochlorination reaction of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was thoroughly investigated at various temperatures and reaction times. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Raman spectroscopies were employed to analyze the conjugated polyene sequences, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to characterize the functional groups present in the intermediates. The results reveal that in the very initial stages, the dehydrochlorination reaction forms soluble and colored intermediates, primarily consisting of conjugated polyene sequences without crosslinking. As dehydrochlorination progresses, the products become completely insoluble and transform into highly crosslinked black hard chucks. The obtained dehydrochlorinated intermediates were then pyrolysed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to reveal their structures and decomposition mechanism. The core structure of the crosslinked intermediates is likely composed of cyclohexenes or cyclohexadienes. Among the aromatic compounds, benzenes and naphthalenes are the predominant categories with benzene being the most abundant. The crosslinking reaction inhibits benzene formation, leading to increased production of alkyl-aromatic compounds. This study proposes the structure of dehydrochlorinated intermediates and their decomposition mechanism, providing valuable insights for PVC recycling. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
高分子化学
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热分析
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光谱学
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材料科学
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废物回收
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 10.588
Bin Xia,Qi Sui,Yushan Du,Liang Wang,Jing Jing,Lin Zhu,Xinguo Zhao,Xuemei Sun,Andy M. Booth,Bijuan Chen,Keming Qu,Baoshan Xing
Irregular-shaped and partially degraded secondary microplastics (SMP) account for the majority of MPs in marine environments, yet little is known about their effects on marine organisms. In this study, we investigated the embryotoxicity of polyvinyl chloride SMP and primary microplastics (PMP) to the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma . This study aimed to determine the physical impacts of MPs and, for the first time, elucidate the underlying mechanisms of physical toxicity. SMP shortened hatching time and induced higher teratogenic effects on larvae relative to PMP, indicating a higher toxicity from SMP. Physical damage from SMP to the chorion surface appears to be the main toxicity mechanism, caused by their irregular shape and reduced aggregation relative to PMP. In contrast, real-time changes in oxygen demonstrated that hypoxia caused by greater PMP adsorption to the chorion surface contributes to the toxicological responses of this material relative to SMP. Modulation of genes involved in hypoxia-response, cardiac development and hatching confirmed the toxicity mechanisms of PMP and SMP. The chemical contribution to observed toxicity was negligible, confirming impacts derived from physical toxicity. Our findings highlight the negative effects of environmentally relevant SMP on the marine ecosystems .
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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生态学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2022
·
IF 4.132
Tianxiang Deng,Shouhai Li,Puyou Jia,Na Yao,Haiyang Ding,Lina Xu,Yan Zhang,Xiaohua Yang,Mei Li
The phthalate-free self-plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) conforms to the concept of green chemistry. In this work, phthalate-free, biocontaining, self-plasticized PVC with nonmigration (4-an-TG-X-PVC; X = R, P, or O) was prepared by covalent attachment of ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid, respectively, to the PVC matrix with 4-aminothiophenol and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) as intermediate bridges. 4-Aminothiophenol and TGIC acted as the nucleophilic reagent and the thermally stable substance, respectively. The 4-an-TG-X-PVC was observed by diverse characterization methods. Specifically, Fourier transform infrared spectra, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and migration stability tests proved the successful synthesis of 4-an-TG-X-PVC. Compared to the neat PVC, the mechanical property of 4-an-TG-X-PVC is better. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC is 81.24 °C, while that of 4-an-TG-X-PVC decreased to 41.88, 31.49, and 46.91 °C. The 4-an-TG-X-PVC showed higher elongation at break and lower tensile strength than neat PVC. Simultaneously, the thermal property of 4-an-TG-X-PVC got a boost. Thermogravimetry–infrared and thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry showed that 4-an-TG-X-PVC released less HCl than neat PVC in a thermal environment. Discoloration experiments demonstrated that 4-an-TG-P-PVC had better heat stabilization and better color than 4-an-TG-O-PVC and 4-an-TG-R-PVC. This work provides a viable solution to the dependence on phthalates, reduced human health and ecological risks, and endowed PVC with improved thermal stability and nonmigration performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 28
·期 23
·7821
·
IF 4.6
Dashuai Zhang,Shishu Sun,Yan Zhang,Xiaopeng Zhang,Chen Li,Tianyi Sun,Linhua Zhu,Zaifeng Shi
The double-layer PVDF-PVC (D-PP/PP) super-hydrophobic composite membrane was prepared by the coating immersion phase separation method to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite membrane. The D-PP/PP super-hydrophobic membrane was prepared using the casting solution concentration of 12 wt% PVDF-PVC composite membrane as basement and 4% casting of PVDF-PVC coating. The contact angle of the D-PP/PP membrane was 150.4 ± 0.3°, and the scanning electron microscope showed that the surface of the D-PP/PP membrane was covered by a cross-linked micro–nano microsphere. The mechanical properties showed that the maximum tensile force of the D-PP/PP composite membrane was 2.34 N, which was 19.4% higher than that of PVDF-PVC (1.96 N). Nano-graphite was added to the coating layer in the experiment. The prepared double-layer PVDF-PVC-nano-graphite/PVDF-PVC (D-PPG/PP) composite membrane reached 153.7 ± 0.5°, the contact angle increasing by 3.3°. The SEM comparison showed that the D-PPG/PP composite membrane had a more obvious micro–nano level microsphere layer. The mechanical properties are also superior. By preparing the D-PP/PP membrane, the mechanical properties of the membrane were improved, and the super-hydrophobic property of the coating was also obtained. At the same time, it was found that adding nano-graphite to the coating layer can better improve the hydrophobic, mechanical, and self-cleaning properties of the D-PP/PP composite membrane.Keywords:PVDF-PVC composite membrane;nano-graphite;super-hydrophobic;double-layer composite membrane;self-cleaning properties
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
·
2023
·Vol. 149
·期 6
·04023029
·
IF 2.2
Wenbo Zhu,Xin Qiao,Lan Ling
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is one of the most prevalently used engineered nanomaterials for heavy metals removal. Microplastics (MPs) have been detected extensively in the environment, such as soil, surface water, groundwater, and water treatment plant. PVC MPs and Cd coexist in a variety of environment, and Cd compounds are often used as stabilizers in PVC production, which increases the likelihood of their coexistence. In this work, the influence of aged PVC MPs on Cd2+ removal with nZVI was evaluated. Spent nZVI after reaction with Cd2+ with and without MPs was characterized with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The results showed that when MPs coexisted, the removal rate of Cd2+ with nZVI increased by up to 73.4%. Spent nZVI has more extensive oxidation, and has looser structure and higher specific surface area in a mixed contamination solution with trace MPs, resulting in high removal efficiency of Cd2+. Interaction between PVC MPs and nZVI shows positive promotion toward removal of Cd2+ with nZVI; thus, nZVI may have great potential for remediation of Cd in the water environment rich in PVC MPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
iScience
·
2023
·
IF 5.8
Penghui Li,Qingcun Li,Yujian Lai,Shuping Yang,Sujuan Yu,Rui Liu,Guibin Jiang,Jingfu Liu
Understanding the pathways of human exposure to micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) is crucial for assessing their health impacts. Intravenous infusion can induce MNPs direct entry into the human blood, posing serious risks on human health, but remains unclear. Herein, we developed comprehensive analytical methods to detect polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MNPs down to 20 nm, and found about 0.52 μg equal to 10 5 –10 11 particles of PVC-MNPs released from intravenous infusion products (IVIPs) during each intravenous infusion of 250 mL injection. The released amounts of MNPs from IVIPs were dependent on the plastic materials, and the injection volume and composition. These findings indicated that the released MNPs should be directly introduced into the human blood circulatory system, causing serious impacts on human health. Our study reveals a previously ignored but important pathway of human exposure to MNPs, and calls for further research on the potential risks of these MNPs on human health.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
医学
·
毒理学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2019
·
IF 6.395
Yufeng Ma,Fei Song,Yun Hu,Qinying Kong,Chengguo Liu,Md Anisur Rahman,Yonghong Zhou,Puyou Jia
Almost 80% of plasticizers used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials are toxic o-phenyl plasticizers. In order to replace o-phenyl plasticizers in PVC materials, a series of highly branched and nontoxic plasticizers (CHE-4,CHE-8 and CHE-12) based on natural cashew shell oil (CNSL), an agricultural and forestry residue, were synthesized via facile one-pot solvent-free synthesis. The chemical structure, relative molecular mass and thermal stability of the obtained highly branched and nontoxic plasticizers were characterized. The toxicity of CHE-12 was investigated in the low (1000 mg/kg), middle (2000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg) and high dose (5000 mg/kg), the results suggested that CHE-12 has toxic doses of 5000 mg/kg and is a non-toxic plasticizer. PVC materials plasticized with CHE-12 showed more excellent thermal stability, plasticizing property and migration stability than dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Microstructure of PVC materials was investigated and the results showed that compatibility of PVC with CHE-12 is better than DOP. The microscopic plasticizing mechanism was also investigated. CHEs were proved to be promising candidates for the chemical conversion of CNSL derivatives into environmentally friendly and non-toxic plasticizers.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
·
2020
·
IF 7.098
Chengyi Zhang,Yingxin Mu,Song Zhao,Wen Zhang,Yuxin Wang
Lithium extraction from brines with the high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio is crucial for sustainable lithium resource and environmental protection. This study incorporated the classic tributylphosphate (TBP)/FeCl 3 system into the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) to extract Li + from the solution which is rich of Mg 2+ (The initial Mg 2+ /Li + molar ratio is 15). The morphology and composition of PIMs were characterized systematically, and the content of TBP/FeCl 3 carrier in the PIM was optimized. Compared to liquid-liquid extraction, the extraction ratio of Li + for PIM extraction increases by 20% and the separation factor of Li + over Mg 2+ increases by 5%. Besides, the loss ratio of Fe 3+ after one loop of liquid-liquid extraction is 17.79%, which is close to that of PIM extraction after three loops (18.30%), demonstrating that the PIM showed a good stability. Furthermore, the separation factor of Li + over Mg 2+ for the PIM with 50 wt% TBP/FeCl 3 is as high as 176 and the initial flux for Li + is 8.12 × 10 −4 mol m −2 h −1 . This study displays a TBP/FeCl 3 based PIM with high selectivity for Li + , providing a possible membrane technology for lithium extraction from brines.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 137
·期 36
·49066
·
IF 2.52
Yigane Wang,Xiaoan Nie,Guigan Fang,Laihui Xiao
Epoxy bisphenol acid isooctyl ester (EBAIE) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and H-NMR. EBAIE was used as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticizer for the first time, and its addition amount was 30 wt% of PVC. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, compatibility, and decomposition activation energy of PVC blends were systematically studied. Compared to the commercial plasticizer-dioctyl phthalate (DOP), the tensile strength had been significantly increased from 30.64 to 45.07 MPa, while the elongation at break had little difference. The thermal stability analysis showed that the static stability time at 180°C had been extended from 40 to 300 min. The decomposition activation energy indicated that the EBAIE plasticized PVC was with a higher thermal stability. The extraction and volatility resistance of the novel plasticizer were superior to those of DOP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 5.3
Bei Yu,Hu Yun,Jia Puyou,Ma Yufeng,Hu Feilong,Xiao Tong,Yang Yong,Zhou Yonghong
Developing bio-based hyperbranched ester plasticizers using woody oil by a simple strategy to replace toxic phthalate plasticizers has significant social, environmental, and economic significance. Herein, a series of tung oil-based hyperbranched esters (TPPs) were synthesis through a one-pot method, the degree of branching and relative molecular weight of the TPPs were controlled by adjusting the glycidyl content. The TPPs were used to plasticize polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials. The results indicated that TPPs showed better plasticizing properties, transmittance and migration stability compared with commercial dioctyl phthalate (DOP). For instance, the tensile strain of PVC/TPP-9 reached to 560%, and transmittance was 42.1%. In addition, the PVC/TPPs films possessed excellent shape memory performance, and shape fixity and shape recovery were up to 97 and 91%, respectively. The cohesive energy was simulated and calculated from the perspective of energy to first predict the ability of plasticizers migrated from the PVC matrix. These hyperbranched ester plasticizers exhibited the potential to substitute DOP in the fields with strict requirements (e.g. food packaging, toys for children).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）