INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2025
·Vol. 26
·期 4
·1531
·
IF 4.9
Junji Xuan,Lingjie Chen,Jintao Tian
Spiropyran has an attractive and mysterious fluorescence switch and dual-color conversion characteristics, as it exhibits both aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in solvents and fluorescence enhancement in polymer matrices. The explanation for this phenomenon has always been of great controversy. Hence, the solvent effect on the emission of spiropyran (SP) was investigated in 16 solvents. By means of molecular orbital theory and the Jablonski diagram, several special parameters (e.g., Hansen solubility parameters and viscosity) were selected for this analysis, with excellent goodness of fit. Subsequently, the main factors that affected the blue shift, red shift, and luminescence efficiency of the emission of the ring-opened form merocyanine (MC) were found to be the hydrogen bonding and polarity, aggregation effect, and viscosity, respectively. A newly modified Jablonski diagram was proposed to clarify the emission behaviors of spiropyran influenced by solvent polarity and isomerization. Meanwhile, the solvent effect could also be extended to a solid polymer matrix (six kinds of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights), which is proposed to be defined as the generalized solvent effect. Accordingly, we have demonstrated that the unique fluorescence properties of spiropyran are dominated by the generalized solvent effect. The security information storage capacity of the simulated quick response (QR) code sensor combined withSPfor anti-counterfeiting was significantly improved to six dimensions in taking advantage of the former theoretical analysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nano Research
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 12
·10483-10489
·
IF 9.5
Chen Zongwei,Li Zhengxiao,Li Fan,Huo Jingzhu,Meng Xinyi,Ma Shihao,Zhu Wenbo,Guo Fengqi,Hu Jia-Hua,Wu Kaifeng
Precise modulation of photoluminescence (PL) of nanomaterials by external control is of great interest in such diverse areas as photocatalysis, memory and sensing. Recent studies have combined colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with photochromic molecules to construct optically switchable PL systems. However, it still remains challenging to switch the PL on and off in the near-infrared (NIR) region with multi-stimuli such as light and heat. Here, we present light and heat triggered modulation of the NIR PL of PbS QDs using adjacent spiropyran derivatives. The NIR PL of PbS was reversibly switched on and off through the isomerization process of spiropyran molecules that can be triggered by either light irradiation or heating. The PL intensity of the off state is low enough to yield an on/off ratio as high as 54. Transient absorption measurements revealed ultrafast photoinduced hole transfer from PbS to spiropyran, the rate and efficiency of which depend critically on the driving force that can be deeply modulated through spiropyran isomerization. This study not only establishes a novel multi-stimuli switchable PL system in the NIR, but also provides fundamental guidelines for the design for such systems for a variety of emerging applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 10.652
Zhuang Ma,Jie Li,Yayun Bai,Yufei Zhang,Haonan Sun,Xinge Zhang
A broad spectrum of microbial persistent infections is associated with bacterial biofilm which is difficult to be eliminated. In the clinic, diagnosis of biofilm-associated infections is heavily dependent on culturing methods which are difficult to identify pathogenic bacterial infection in vivo . Here, a facile bioreponsive nanoplatform consisting of spiropyran and galactose was developed for selectively imaging and eliminating the biofilm in situ. The nanoplatform could specially bind to bacteria through carbohydrate-protein interaction and rapidly respond to bacterial infection-microenvironment, finally imaging and eliminating biofilm. Importantly, the bioinspired nanoplatform is highly selective towards bacterial cells rather than mammalian cells with low toxicity against A549 cells. Collectively, this multifunctional nanoplatform as an imaging and dispersing biofilm agent provides promising insights for the development of the new treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
医学影像学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 46
·期 40
·19118-19123
·
IF 3.925
Danyang Liu
A fluorescent molecular switch (SP-OX-HBT), designed by fusing spiropyran with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), exhibited red, orange and dark emission color switching among four states in the solution and solid states. The transformation from merocyanine (SP-OX-HBT) to ring-closed spiropyran (SP-HBT-C) or deprotonated ring-closed spiropyran (SP-HBT-CN) could be controlled by visible light or base stimuli, respectively, and these processes are verified by UV-vis spectra. The deprotonated merocyanine form (MC-N) was briefly involved in the basochromic process in solution but stable in the solid state. Besides the significant visible and fluorescent color variations, the single molecular switch has been further successfully applied to construct reversible multicolor displays and for anti-counterfeiting.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Ziyan Li,Xiaoxiao Xing,Ke Wang
Abstract In this study, coumarin-functionalized homopolymer P(Cou-N-AM), spiropyran-functionalized homopolymer P(SP-N-AM), and dual-functional block copolymer P(Cou-N-AM)-b-P(SP-N-AM) were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. These polymers exhibited quadruple-responsive characteristics. The experimental results demonstrated that they displayed typical lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in a buffer solution at pH = 4, which can be precisely tuned by adjusting the polymerization degree and solution concentration. Moreover, these polymers possessed a definite critical pH in water. Alternate bubbling of CO2 and N2 achieved reversible cyclic variations in solution pH and transmittance, indicating excellent gas-responsive cycling stability. Upon UV irradiation, P(Cou-N-AM) showed gradual decay in characteristic UV absorption, while P(SP-N-AM) and the block copolymer exhibited reversible photoisomerization with good cycling stability. Fluorescence measurements confirmed that all the polymers exhibited fluorescence properties and could be regulated by temperature, pH, and CO2. With the increase of temperature, fluorescence underwent thermal quenching. P(Cou-N-AM) produced stable blue fluorescence under alkaline conditions, while P(SP-N-AM) realized reversible red fluorescence emission under acidic environments. The block copolymer achieved mutually exclusive reversible switching between blue and red fluorescence through acid–base regulation or CO2/N2 gas alternation. Based on the superior multistimuli responsiveness and tunable dual-color luminescence performance of the block copolymer, a multilevel and reversible intelligent anti-counterfeiting system was successfully constructed. This work provides insight for the rational design and fabrication of multistimuli-responsive fluorescent polymers, showing promising applications in multilevel anti-counterfeiting and intelligent gas sensing.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Juan Yu,Bowen Li,Yingyin Liu,Hanlu Ji,Liang Liu,Hong Sun,Yimin Fan
The preparation of functionalized chitin nanofibers through sustainable chemical modification methods is of significant importance for advanced sustainable nanomaterials. In this study, fluorescent chitin nanofibers (RFChN) were successfully prepared via amino-yne click chemistry, using deacetylated chitin nanofibers (DEChN) as the raw material and spiropyran with an activated alkyne group (SP-PA) for functionalization. The efficiency of the amino-yne click reaction was confirmed by comparing it with esterification reactions, demonstrating that the amino-yne click reaction provided higher efficiency and milder reaction conditions, resulting in minimal impact on the crystalline structure and morphology of the chitin nanofibers. RFChN exhibited enhanced red fluorescence with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, due to the anchoring effect of the chitin nanofibers. RFChN inks displayed reversible color changes under UV light upon exposure to acidic and alkaline environments, making RFChN inks highly promising for applications in fluorescence-based anti-counterfeiting and environmental monitoring. In addition, RFChN films displayed improved hydrophobicity, with contact angles ranging from 101.34° to 106.71°, and excellent UV-blocking properties, shielding up to 98 % of UVC, 84 % of UVB, and more than 90 % of UVA radiation. Biocompatibility and biodegradability tests showed that RFChN films exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, with cell viability remaining high at 76.75 % after 48 h of exposure. The biodegradability of RFChN films was not compromised by the modification process, with complete degradation observed after 30 days. These results suggest that RFChN possess outstanding properties, including AIE fluorescence, hydrophobicity, UV shielding, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them promising candidates for applications in sustainable materials, fluorescent nanocomposites, environmental monitoring, and fluorescence-based sensing technologies.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 415
·期 4
·715-724
·
IF 4.478
Li Xiang,Lin Zhong,Tian Yong,Zhang Chonghua,Zhang Peisheng,Zeng Rongjin,Qiao Lei,Chen Jian
It is highly desirable to develop high-performance ratiometric fluorescent probes for SO 2 derivative detection and realize their application in biological imaging. In this study, we report the rational design of a novel negative photochromic spiropyran derivative, spiro[azahomoadamantane-pyran] (MAHD-SP), with notable orange fluorescence in its stable ring-opened state without UV regulation. The unsaturated double bond of MAHD-SP underwent the Michael addition reaction of the SO 2 derivative, making the fluorescence quenching of MAHD-SP obvious. Then, MAHD-SP, a fluorescent conjugated polymer PFO and a polymeric surfactant PEO 113 - b -PS 49 were used to construct a ratiometric fluorescent polymeric nanoprobe ( RFPN ) via a coprecipitation method. The probe exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for the ratiometric detection of SO 2 derivatives in pure aqueous solutions. Moreover, the good biocompatibility of RFPN can be used to visualize exogenous and endogenous SO 2 derivative generation in living cells. Graphical abstract
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Yuan-yuan Lin,Qi Wang,Chuan-jia Jiao,Jia-wei Zou,Dong-hua Xu,Shi-fang Luan
Compounds exhibiting multi-stimulus responsive behavior, exemplified by spiropyran, have demonstrated many potential and practical applications. However, current research primarily focuses on single-spiro systems, where the uniform open-ring state and color render effective differentiation of stimuli sources challenging. In this work, a novel benzene-bridged bis-spiropyran compound has been designed and synthesized, which is covalently bonded to a silicone matrix. This system exhibits orthogonal chromatic responses to mechanical force and ultraviolet (UV) light: mechanical force stimulation only activates one of the spiro-ring units within the benzene-bridged bis-spiropyran, resulting in a red colorimetric response (λ ∼ 515 nm), while UV light irradiation induces the cooperative opening of both spiro rings, generating a green colorimetric response (λ ∼ 645 nm). The red-green colorimetric transition exhibits a high contrast (Δλ > 130 nm) and rapid reversibility. Notably, the dual-stimulus orthogonal behavior of mechanical force-induced single-ring opening versus UV light-induced dual-ring activation reported herein stands in stark contrast to the phenomenon of simultaneous opening of dual spiro-rings induced by mechanical force observed in current studies. The covalent integration of the bis-spiropyran with silicone presents a controllable multi-stimulus responsive platform, providing a novel approach for stimulus recognition in complex environments and demonstrating significant potential in programmable smart sensing and dynamic display technologies.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2018
·Vol. 28
·期 1
·39-49
·
IF 1.278
Yang Zhouxiaoshuang,Zou Hu,Liu Hui,Xu Wenshuang,Zhang Lulu
To compare the synthesis and drug release of random and block copolymers, random and block copolymerizations of oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and 1′-(2-methacryloxyethyl)-3′,3′-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro-(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline) (SPMA) were carried out by atom transfer radical polymerization. The 1 H NMR and GPC results indicated the targeted random and block copolymers were successfully synthesized. Critical micelle concentrations of random and block copolymers were determined as 0.0178 mg/mL and 0.0265 mg/mL, and the micelle aggregation numbers of the random and block copolymers were calculated as approximately 17 and 13, respectively, indicating that more molecular chains were required to form a stable polymeric micelle for a random than its block copolymer. A lower critical solution temperature of 37 °C, the human body temperature, was obtained for two copolymer samples, suggesting that they might have potential application in the biomedical field. During the self-assembly, the morphology of block copolymer micelles was more regular than that of random copolymer, and both copolymers exhibited the exchange of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments called as “Schizophrenic” behavior under UV light irradiation at 50 °C. With doxorubicin as a model molecule in drug release control, heating and ultraviolet light irradiation could accelerate the drug release process to some extent, indicating the potential application of the resulting random and block copolymers in drug release and bioengineering.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
高分子科学
·
药剂学
·
纳米医学
·
刺激响应材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2018
·
IF 1.047
Caifeng Wang,Zhenfu Liu,Chunhao Li,Yun Wu,Shuai Wang
Novel photoresponsive N-hydroxyethyl spiropyran (SP-OH)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber materials with reversible changes in wettability and humidity were prepared by electrospinning in this work. SP-OH and PAN were mixed through a physical doping method. The wettability and humidity regulation of the electrospun films can be reversibly manipulated by the simple change of ultraviolet (UV)-visible (UV-Vis) light irradiation due to the photoisomerization mechanism of the spiropyran chromophore. Under UV light irradiation, SP-OH molecules exhibit a colored polar open-ring status, resulting in electrostatic attraction with water. However, under visible light irradiation, they are colorless and nonpolar and lose the attraction effect. Wettability and ambient humidity were regulated by this repeated transformation between polar surface and nonpolar surface. The tensile strength and the reversible change ranges of wettability and humidity under UV-Vis irradiation are all closely related to the doping amount of SP-OH. Electrospinning is a promising method to achieve large-scale production that can put such a material into practical application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 6
Ruizhen Zhang,Yuting Min,Peipei Ji,Guiyang Zhou,Hong Yin,Dongming Qi,Hangjun Deng,Zan Hua,Tao Chen
With the increasing demand for treating cancer and cardiovascular diseases in recent years, drug delivery therapy using intelligent nanocarriers has been investigated intensely. Usually, hydrophobic dyes were used as drug models for the development of drug-release carriers. In this study, light and temperature dual-responsive micelles were designed and fabricated, and the controlled release property was investigated using the hydrophobic fluorescent dye coumarin 102 as the model. A carbamate-containing spiropyran methacrylate monomer (SPMA) was adopted as the photosensitive unit because it is more conducive to stabilize the micelle structure compared to traditional spiropyran. Firstly, a light and temperature dual-responsive copolymer P[DMA 50 - b -(SPMA 20 - co -NIPAAm 17 )] was synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Then, the copolymer was self-assembled into micelles with coumarin 102 encapsulated in the hydrophobic core above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and under visible light (Vis) irradiation. When the visible light was switched to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the micelles' permeability increased as a result of the change from closed, three-dimensional spiropyrans (SP) to open, planar merocyanines (MC), resulting in the release rate of 51% for coumarin 102 in 15 min with “low” release capability. Lowering the temperature to room temperature (RT), the hydrophobic nuclei were partially destructed as a result of the changing of PNIPAAm segment from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the release rate was observed to be 77% in 15 min showing “medium” release capability. The micelles were almost wholly disintegrated under the dual stimulation of both UV irradiation and RT, achieving the release rate of 96% within the same time exhibiting “high ” release capability. This study offered an approach for the construction of controllable drug release carriers.
研究领域:
药学
·
材料科学
·
纳米医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
·
2018
·Vol. 303
·期 9
·1800154
·
IF 2.69
Yanyu Jia,Wen-Jun Wang,Bo-Geng Li,Shiping Zhu
Colorimetric mechanophores like spiropyran (SP) represent an emerging type of interesting signal molecule that can be incorporated into polymers or other materials as a stress transducer. In this work, a new type of spiropyran-containing inimer molecule MA-SP-Br are designed and synthesized, which is incorporated into polybutylacrylate (PBA) chains through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization with n- butyl acrylate (BA). PBA-SP-Br is then used as a macro-initiator to graft polystyrene (PS) side chains from the PBA backbone through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene. The resulting comb-structured graft copolymer PBA-SP-PS contains 0.15–0.34% SP and exhibits a characteristic feature of thermoplastic elastomers. Under uniaxial stretch, the materials possess an excellent mechano-responsivity and change color at strains as low as about 14%.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）