REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
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2025
·
IF 5.1
Lu Li,Yongming Chen,Mengting Wei,Mingyuan Yang,Jiexiang Ren,Richeng Lian,Bifan Guo,Birong Zeng,Yiting Xu,Conghui Yuan,Lizong Dai
Epoxy resin is widely used in modern industry, however, its inherent flammability and susceptibility to aging limit its applications. Based on molecular structure design, a fluorinated bismaleimide was first synthesized as the key intermediate. Subsequently, through the highly reactive addition between the P H bond of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and the maleimide double bonds, a novel epoxy modifier (BMFP) was successfully synthesized, which simultaneously exhibited both excellent ultraviolet (UV) shielding performance and better flame retardancy. The resulting modifier demonstrated good compatibility with epoxy resin. Notably, as the addition amount increased, the epoxy composites not only maintained excellent optical transparency but also exhibited better UV-shielding efficiency and flame retardancy. When the BMFP addition amount reached 8 wt%, the epoxy composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31 %. In addition, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 21.1 % and 20.3 %, respectively, compared to neat EP. Additionally, the UV-shielding efficiency showed a 93.4 % enhancement relative to the unmodified epoxy matrix. In addition, the presence of -CF 3 in the modifier effectively improved the dielectric and surface hydrophobicity properties of the epoxy composites, reducing dielectric loss by 31.3 % and increasing the water contact angle from 97.2° to 108.2°.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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化学工程
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消防安全工程
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电气工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Hongjin Wang,Ao Qin,Chentao Yan,Kai Xu,Yue Xu,Yue Gang,Bin Li,Lubin Liu
The inherent flammability of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) severely limits its application in high-safety scenarios. Although phosphorus flame retardant TPU is regarded as an ideal alternative to halogen flame retardant TPU, poor matching between the structure of traditional phosphorus flame retardants and TPU causes low flame retardant efficiency and degraded comprehensive properties in TPU composites. To address these challenges, template-type flame retardants N,N′-(1,3-phenylene)bis( P , P -diphenylphosphinic amide) (NPPA) and tetraphenyl 1,3-phenylenebis(phosphoramidate) (TPPA) were synthesized via molecular structure design. For the first time, the influence of different phosphorus-containing groups (P C and P O) on the flame retardancy, compatibility and mechanical properties of TPU was systematically studied. Theoretical calculations and mechanism analyses indicated that NPPA primarily achieved efficient flame retardancy in TPU by gas phase phosphorus-containing radical quenching effect, while TPPA promoted dehydration and charring by phosphoric compounds in condensed phase. Compared with TPPA, NPPA containing P C exhibited higher flame retardant and UV shielding efficiency in TPU. Only 6 wt% enabled TPU/NPPA to obtain UL-94 V-0 rating with LOI of 29.7 %. PHRR and THR of TPU/NPPA6 and TPU/TPPA6 decreased by 39.6 %, 29.06 % and 54.4 %, 13.24 % in comparison with pure TPU. Since NPPA minimally disrupted the hydrogen bonds between TPU molecular chain segments, TPU/NPPA6 possessed excellent mechanical properties (26.2 MPa). However, uniform dispersion of TPPA in TPU matrix allowed TPU/TPPA to retain TPU transparency. This study provided structure-performance guidance between the structure of flame retardants and the comprehensive performance of materials including flame retardancy, mechanical properties and transparency for developing flame retardant TPU suitable for emerging fields like new energy and rail transit.
研究领域:
高分子科学
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材料工程
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化学工程
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消防安全工程
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有机化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Ziming Lun,Lina Song,Yi Luo,Jiaoyan Ai,Tulian Zhong,Wenqi Xian,Baohua Liu
A series of nonhalogen UV-curable polyurethane acrylates (PUA) were synthesized using polyethylene carbonate diol (PECD), isophorone diisocyanate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, a reactive phosphorus-containing acrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate. The flame retardancy, mechanical properties, hardness, abrasion resistance, and solvent absorption of the PECD-based UV-cured polyurethane were systematically studied and compared to polyester and polyether-based analogues. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful PECD-PUA synthesis. Results demonstrate the PECD confers superior flame retardancy compared to conventional petroleum-based materials, achieving a limiting oxygen index of 28.2% and UL-94 5VB rating, alongside excellent comprehensive performance: tensile strength of 15.56 MPa, pencil hardness of 6H, abrasion loss of 0.52%, and strong adhesion (Grade 3). This work presents a green strategy for synthesizing high-performance, environmentally friendly polyurethanes, reducing reliance on petroleum resources. Graphical This study successfully synthesized halogen-free UV cured CO 2 -polyurethane acrylate (PUA) using PECD, IPDI, HEA, and phosphorus containing acrylate, and compared it with polyester and polyether polyurethane acrylate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of PECD-PUA. Results demonstrate that PECD-based polyurethane exhibits exceptional flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical performance, and coating properties. In summary, PECD-based halogen-free UV-curable flame-retardant polyurethane demonstrates outstanding multifunctional properties, positioning it as a promising candidate for eco-friendly, high-performance polymer.
研究领域:
高分子科学
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材料工程
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阻燃技术
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绿色化学
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紫外光固化技术
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 59
·期 10
·2008-2015
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IF 1.92
Rui Chen,Shensong Dai,Tong Guo,Hao Tang,Yuqi Fan,Hong Zhou
A novel flame-retardant hsaltryptamine phosphaphenanthrene (HTD) was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. HTD was used to improve flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). When the addition content of HTD reached 4 wt%, the EP/HTD thermoset passed a UL-94 V-1 rating and had limited oxygen index value of 29.2%. Compared to neat EP, the release of heat and smoke decreased significantly due to the gaseous-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism of HTD. The char residue after cone calorimeter test was analyzed and the results showed that the char residue of EP/8%HTD thermoset exhibited homogeneously crosslinked char layer, which acted as a good barrier for the release of heat and oxygen. The transmittance and mechanical properties of EP/HTD thermosets had been tested. EP/HTD thermoset possessed high transparency and good mechanical properties. In comparison to neat EP, tensile strength, flexural strength, and Izod unnotched impact strength of EP with 8% loading of HTD was improved by 21.9%, 20.5%, and 17.4%, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2008–2015, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物化学
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2021
·
IF 6.953
Shuang Qiu,Yuchun Li,Peng Qi,Dan Meng,Jun Sun,Hongfei Li,Zheng Cui,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
In this study, a novel bio-based flame retardant LC-PA is prepared by the Mannich reaction between phytic acid (PA) and L-citrulline (LC). LC-PA is combined with tannic acid (TA) and introduced into PLA to improve fire performance and accelerate biodegradability . Compared with control PLA, the PLA composite containing 10% LC-PA/TA increases the LOI value to 26.9%, reaches a V -0 rating in the UL-94 test, and reduces the peak heat release rate and total heat release by 24.5% and 21.1%, respectively. More importantly, the introduction of LC-PA/TA accelerates the degradation rate of PLA in soil, which is of significance for biodegradable materials. The addition of LC-PA/TA can attract water and provide a suitable energy source for microbial proliferation, accelerating the hydrolysis and microbial degradation of PLA. This work provides a practical approach for high flame retardancy and rapid biodegradability in the soil to the bio-based polymer.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Yuchun Li,Shuang Qiu,Jun Sun,Yajing Ren,Shuheng Wang,Xingguo Wang,Wenjia Wang,Hongfei Li,Bin Fei,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
Despite the advantages of biological compatibility and high transparency, there are still some drawbacks for Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) such as highly flammability and poor ultraviolet resistance. Herein, a fully bio-based additive (PA@CHTM) with a core–shell structure is synthesized by chitosan microspheres and phytic acids. The introduction of PA@CHTM simultaneously improves the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and UV-blocking performance of PLA, accompanied by an accelerated degradation capacity in soil. By the presence of 9 wt% PA@CHTM in the PLA composite sample, the limiting oxygen index value is increased from 18.2% to 29.6%, and the UL-94 test grade is improved to V-0. The tensile strength is well maintained and Young's modulus is sharply increased for PLA/PA@CHTM composites. Moreover, the photoaging process of PLA can be significantly delayed due to the excellent free radical quenching capacity of PA@CHTM. Only less than 10% UV light can be penetrated for the PLA/9%PA@CHTM sample, and the ultraviolet protection factor is increased from 0.77 of control PLA to 30.07. More importantly, the addition of PA@CHTM can accelerate the degradation of PLA, which is of significance for biodegradable materials. This work firstly provides a green strategy to fabricate fully bio-based polymer composites with high performance, long service life, and rapid degradation in soil.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Xiaoyan Liu,Pengyu Guo,Borong Zhang,Jianxin Mu
In this work, using biomass polydopamine (PDA) as an intermediate interface, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), PDA, and ZIF-67 were combined into a ternary inorganic organic hybrid flame retardant (A@P-Z). Compared with the flame retardant system composed of a physical mixture of APP and ZIF-67, the hybrid flame retardant not only strengthened the mechanical properties of RPUF composites owing to its good compatibility but also emerged with low total heat release, low total smoke production, and low peak CO production rate in cone calorimetry tests. RPUF/A@P-Z passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, which presented high flame-retardant efficiency of inorganic organic hybrid flame retardants and industrial application value of the composites. Due to the contribution of synergistic catalysis, the residual char of RPUF/A@P-Z showed high graphitization and high-quality char composition in a rich, rigid structure, which produced an outstanding charring effect and barrier effect. The hybrid flame retardant also produced an impressive flame inhibition effect in the gas phase, inhibiting the production of organic fragments and releasing phosphorus-containing and nitrogen-containing gaseous compounds with free radical quenching and diluting effects. This work provides a new and efficient way to prepare high-performance RPUF composites using inorganic organic hybrid flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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消防安全工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CELLULOSE
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 14
·9025-9042
·
IF 4.9
Li Wenjian,Luo Fubin,Dai Yumei,Chen Delong,Li Hongzhou
Ramie fibers have poor flame-retardant properties, which limits their application. To improve the flame-retardant properties of ramie fabric (RF), a durable flame-retardant coating was successfully realized on RF by combining covalent bonding and electrostatic adsorption. Si/P/N flame-retardant coatings were constructed on RF using cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) and anionic sodium hexametaphosphate (PSP) via the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly approach with the introduction of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as an organic cross-linker. Compared with the untreated RF samples, the fabrics treated with the flame-retardant coating PEI/PSP via the LBL method presented reductions of 51.06%, 48.30%, and 40.05% in the fire growth rate, peak heat release rate, and total heat release, respectively, in the cone calorimeter test. In addition, at a weight gain of 31.57%, the fabric self-extinguished in the UL-94 test within 10 s after leaving the ignition source, resulting in a damaged length of 6.13 cm. G-3 retained the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 26.40% after 6 laundering cycles (LCs). The TG results revealed that the char residue of G-3 at 800 °C reached 30.34 wt%. The surface of the flame-retardant coating of GPTMS-PEI/PSP had good char formation. This study provides a feasible method for realizing durable flame-retardant RFs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纺织工程
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering
·
2021
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·1269-1280
·
IF 4.204
Tang Gang,Zhao Ruiqing,Deng Dan,Yang Yadong,Chen Depeng,Zhang Bing,Liu Xinliang,Liu Xiuyu
A phosphine oxide-containing bio-based curing agent was synthesized by addition reaction between furan derivatives and diphenylphosphine oxide. The molecular structure of the as-prepared bio-based curing agent was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated that with the increase of bio-based curing agent content, the glass transition temperature of epoxy/bio-based curing agent composites decreased, which was related to the steric effect of diphenylphosphine oxide species that possibly hinder the curing reaction as well as the reduction in the cross-linking density by mono-functional N-H. By the addition of 7.5 wt-% bio-based curing agent, the resulting epoxy composite achieved UL-94 V-0 rating, in addition to limiting oxygen index of 32.0 vol-%. With the increase of content for the bio-based curing agent, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the composites gradually decreased. The bio-based curing agent promoted the carbonization of the epoxy matrix, leading to higher char yield with good thermal resistance. The high-quality char layer served as an effective barrier to retard the diffusion of decomposition volatiles and oxygen between molten polymers and the flame. This study provides a renewable strategy for fabricating flame retardant and transparent epoxy thermoset.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 20
·50444
·
IF 3.125
Xinxing Zhang,Qingyin Wang,Shaoying Liu,Lilei Zhang,Gongying Wang
To get better processability and preparing process of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) polymer, -NO 2 was used to modify Schiff Base to synthesize a novel flame retardant monomer of 5-([3-nitrobenzylidene] amino) isophthalic acid (BNA) to prepare flame retardant and anti-dripping PET copolyester (BNA n PETs), where the electron effect of -NO 2 passivate the cross-linking reactivity of BNA in BNA n PETs to enhance its cross-linking temperature to improve its processing zone with better processability. The results demonstrated that the cross-linking temperature of BNA n PETs was improved from the range of (250–348°C) to (355–385°C), and BNA accelerated the reaction of the polycondensation of PET for saving time of 42%. -NO 2 enhanced the residue char of BNA n PETs in high temperature and further improved its flame retardancy. BNA 10 PET with 7.2 mol% of BNA had LOI of 31.8% and V-0 of UL-94 without drip, and the introduction of –NO 2 did not change the flame retardant mechanism in BNA n PETs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 10.652
Yu Qi,Zhihuan Weng,Yan Kou,Lequn Song,Jiahui Li,Jinyan Wang,Shouhai Zhang,Cheng Liu,Xigao Jian
Developing bio-based epoxy resins with high thermal stability and mechanical properties as well as satisfactory intrinsic flame retardancy is of increasing demand, though this has always been limited by the lack of bio-based polyaromatic building blocks. Herein, a simple and universal method was proposed to synthesize an aromatic s-triazine derivative from biomass feedstock, vanillin, and the obtained compound can be employed to construct a bio-based epoxy precursor (THMT-EP). With 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as curing agent, thanks to the unique structures of aromatic s-triazine, the resulting cured THMT-EP/DDS presented remarkable integrated properties outperforming than commercial petroleum-based bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA), including a record glass transition temperature of 300 °C, as well as a high flexural modulus of 4137 MPa and a flexural strength of 134.2 MPa, which were 120 °C, 53.9% and 14.3% higher than those of DGEBA/DDS, respectively. Furthermore, the cured THMT-EP/DDS also showed excellent intrinsic flame retardancy, passing the V-0 rating in UL-94 test. This study opens an avenue for the synthesis of bio-based feedstocks with rigid aromatic and functional structure, and contributes to the development of bio-based high-performance polymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
可持续材料
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Peng Wang,Hang Xiao,Chao Duan,Bo Wen,Zongxin Li
A sulfathiazole derivative with phosphaphenanthrene group (STZ) was successfully synthesized by covalently bonding DOPO and imine intermediate obtained from the condensation of sulfathiazole with p -hydroxybenzaldehyde. Its effect on the thermal, flame-retardant and mechanical properties of epoxy thermosets were comprehensively studied. The presence of STZ decreased the initial degradation temperature and glass transition temperature ( T g ) of epoxy thermoset. STZ significantly improved the flame retardancy and fire safety of epoxy thermoset. With the addition of only 4 wt% STZ, the modified epoxy thermoset achieved an LOI value of 29.1% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) in cone calorimeter test were decreased by 34.4% and 32.1% in comparison with those of pure epoxy thermoset. STZ showed high flame-retardant activity not only by releasing nonflammable gases and phosphorous radicals in the gas phase, but also by promoting the formation of dense and intumescent char layer with honeycomb-like hollow structure inside in the condensed phase. Because of the strong intermolecular action between STZ and epoxy macromolecular chain, the presence of STZ increased the tensile strength , while decreased the elongation at break of epoxy thermoset.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）