Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 4
·610
·
IF 5.1
Chengcheng Gao,Ni Zhang,Ying Chen,Fengwei Xie,Linghan Meng,Xiaozhi Tang
The strong hydrophilicity of chitosan-based films limits their practical applications. To enhance the hydrophobicity of these films, hierarchical carnauba wax particles were prepared using the Pickering emulsion method and subsequently coated onto the film surfaces. The wax was stabilized with various types and concentrations of TiO2. The resulting wax particles exhibited a micro-scale structure, with nano-scale TiO2and micro-scale TiO2aggregates present on the surface. No significant differences in contact angle were observed among these particles. Hydrophilic TiO2demonstrated smaller sliding angles and particle sizes. To improve the mechanical durability and compatibility of the wax particles with the chitosan matrix, the wax particles were mixed with a diluted chitosan solution before coating. As the concentration of wax particles increased and the concentration of chitosan solution decreased, more wax particles became exposed on the surface. This exposure increased the roughness of the coatings, resulting in a significant increase in contact angle and a decrease in sliding angle. A high concentration of chitosan provided greater protection to wax particles during mechanical durability tests. Additionally, the residue rate of liquid foods on the coating films significantly decreased. This study demonstrates that the Pickering emulsion method is an effective approach for preparing hierarchical wax particles, and that mixing these particles with a polymer similar to the matrix can effectively improve mechanical durability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Lingfei Xin,Yaodong Dai,Bingbing Qian,Chuqing Yao,Guohui Wang
The properties of rubber can be changed by controlling the radiation conditions, so as to be suitable for specific application scenarios. This study compares the structure, mechanical properties, cross-linking density, thermal properties, and shielding properties of polyethylene wax/gadolinium oxide/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (PEW/Gd 2 O 3 /MVQ) under different radiation doses and atmospheric conditions. The results showed that the tensile strength of the neutron shielding rubber exhibited growth and subsequently decreased with increasing irradiation dosage, and the tensile strength reached the optimum value of 8.29 MPa after 25 kGy in air. The hardness and cross-linking density of the sample increase with the increase of the dose, and especially the hardness and cross-linking density of the sample irradiated in the air atmosphere at 25 kGy were better than that in the vacuum. The addition of PEW to the rubber significantly increased the thermal neutron-shielding rate, from 74.10% to 86.59% when 36 phr of Gd 2 O 3 was added. The thermal neutron-shielding rate increased from 84.42% to 88.39% when irradiated 50 kGy in air. It was found that the comprehensive performance of the rubber was optimized after irradiation of 25 kGy in the air atmosphere. Highlights The mechanical properties of rubber are enhanced by low-dose irradiation in air. Irradiation of rubber in air is superior to irradiation in vacuum, with optimal results at 25 kGy. Rubber maintains thermal stability at low doses of irradiation. The addition of PEW improves the shielding properties. Rubber retains excellent thermal neutron-shielding properties after irradiation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核技术应用
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DOI
高影响因子
Food Chemistry-X
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Yiqing Luo,Lei Hu,Kai Chen,Junyu Xu,Mengting Xiao,Shimeng Li,Yiying Yang,Ying Wang,Zhaoqi Xie,Shaohua Zeng,Chunsong Cheng
Schisandra sphenanthera fruit, a popular wild berry widely used for beverages industrial material in northeast Asian regions, urgently requires origin tracing technologies for adapting to the market rule of ‘better quality, better price’. This study first employed gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to analyze the cuticular wax of S. sphenanthera fruits from three main ecologically distinct production areas in China. The results showed that high levels of fatty acids (FA) and long-chain primary alcohols (LPA, C ≥ 26) were detected in the southwestern region (FA: 2.66 μg/cm 2 and LPA: 2.02 μg/cm 2 ); The highest aldehyde (2.12 μg/cm 2 ) and lowest sterol (0.50 μg/cm 2 ) content were detected from the central region; The lowest total wax (14.52 μg/cm 2 ) and higher sterol content (0.16 μg/cm 2 ) were detected in the eastern region. This study provided five indicative wax tracers firstly that serve as geographical indicators, enhancing knowledge of their ecological adaptability while establishing traceable chemical markers for geographical origin tracing.
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高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Suliman Khan,Zhang Ke,Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir,Naymal Karim,Yue Ji,Zou Xiaobo,Fujun Li
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is widely used in food packaging films and coatings; however, its pure form exhibits inadequate physico-mechanical and thermal properties, as well as a lack of active functionalities, which limits its broader application. To address these limitations, this study incorporated berry wax (W, 0–12 %) and Salvadora persica L. (miswak) bioactive extract (ME, 0–4 %) into a CMC matrix. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed good structural compatibility among the components, while SEM characterized the surface morphology. The incorporation of up to 9 % W and 3 % ME synergistically enhanced the films' thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy (inhibition zones of 0–12 mm against both E. coli and S. aureus ). Water barrier properties were significantly improved, with reductions in moisture content (22.36 % to 11.05 %), water solubility (42.00 % to 36.11 %), swelling power (28.47 % to 18.01 %), and water vapor permeability from (1.91 ± 0.5) × 10 −11 to (1.43 ± 1.0) × 10 −11 g·m·m −2 ·s −1 ·Pa −1 . Notably, the optimal coating formulation (CMC/9%W/3%ME) effectively reduced postharvest loss in bananas stored at room temperature, demonstrating its potential as an active coating material for extending the shelf life of fresh produce.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Jie Qi,Yang Ge,Qingping Li,Xin Lv,Xiaojiang Li,Na Wang,Hongsheng Lu
Paraffin wax has caused obvious detrimental consequences to the extraction for fossil fuels, and posed environmental challenge due to the absence of cleaner methods for paraffin wax removal. A cleaner and sustainable approach for paraffin wax removal was developed using the switchable polarity solvents (SPS). Three SPS with low polarity, including dipropylamine (DPA), ethylbutylamine (EBA), and dibutylamine (DNBA) were selected for paraffin wax removal. Compared with bubbling CO 2 into SPS straightway, the transformation of the polarity quantified by normalized polarity energy confirms the addition of water is benefit to enlarge the polarity scope. Paraffin wax is removed at the initial state and separated at the final state by CO 2 -induced polarity transformation of SPS. The dissolution rates for paraffin wax of DPA and EBA reached 0.071 g/min and 0.062 g/min, which surpassed that of traditional solvents, such as o-xylene (0.045 g/min) and Petroleum ether (0.017 g/min), indicating that these selected SPS is suitable for paraffin wax removal. The paraffin wax dissolution behaviors of SPS can be accurately matched using modified Apelblat models with root-mean-square deviation of 1.085%. With the addition of water, more than 99% of paraffin wax is separated from DPA and EBA by introducing CO 2 within 10mins, which is a better alternative method for energy-intensive distillation process . The introduction of water is indispensable for improving the separation efficiency, since it enlarged the polarity difference between solvents and paraffin wax. The thermal behavior of separated paraffin wax detected by Differential Scanning Calorimetry remained steady, and there were negligible residual solvents detected indicate the feasible separation of paraffin wax. Both SPS and water are recovered upon N 2 /80 °C, which retain good recyclability for paraffin wax removal. These findings confirms the applicability of SPS in the sustainable and cleaner removal of paraffin wax. The use of SPS provides an alternative and promising approach for paraffin wax removal for ensuring the demands of low-energy consumption and environment.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Gels
·
2022
·Vol. 8
·期 10
·631
·
IF 4.432
Xianbin Huang,Xu Meng,Mao Li,Jinsheng Sun,Kaihe Lv,Chongyang Gao
Oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) are widely used, but there are common problems associated with them, such as low yield point and poor cutting–carrying and hole cleaning ability. In this paper, a polyamide wax (TQ-1) was synthesized from dimeric acid and 1,6-hexanediamine to improve the weak gel structure of OBDFs. The TQ-1 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then the effect of the TQ-1 on the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion was studied by sedimentation observation, stability analysis, an electrical stability test, and particle size measurement. The effect of the TQ-1 on the rheological properties of the water-in-oil emulsion was analyzed by viscosity vs. shear rate test and the three-interval thixotropic test. Finally, the performance of the TQ-1 in OBDFs was comprehensively evaluated. The experimental results showed that the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the TQ-1 was 195 °C, indicating that the TQ-1 had good thermal stability. After adding the TQ-1, the emulsion became more stable since the emulsion stability index (TSI) value decreased when the emulsions were placed for a period of time and the demulsification voltage was increased. The TQ-1 could form a weak gel structure in the water-in-oil emulsions, which made the emulsions show excellent shear thinning and thixotropy. TQ-1 can improve the demulsification voltage of OBDFs, greatly improve the yield point and gel strength, and largely reduce the sedimentation factor (SF). In addition, TQ-1 has good compatibility with OBDFs, and in our study the high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) filtration decreased slightly after adding the TQ-1. According to theoretical analysis, the mechanism of TQ-1 of improving the weak gel structure of OBDFs is that the polar amide group can form a spatial network structure in nonpolar solvents through hydrogen bonding.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2022
·
IF 4.132
Xian Luo,Weifeng Dai,Yi Qin,Shiyun Jiao,Baocai Li,Mi Zhang
Refined montan wax (RMW) is a lignite-based chemical product with wide application and high added value. However, research on its processing and performance is very limited. Currently, four parameters in the key preparation procedure for the oxidation bleaching of RMW, including the concentration of two oxidants (H2SO4 (P1) and CrO3 (P2)), oxidation time (P3), and the mass ratio of CrO3 used in two oxidation steps (P4), were systematically evaluated in regard to their impact on the properties and chemistry of RMW. The results showed that the four tested parameters visibly affected RMW, and each parameter had a different impact on the properties of RMW by range analysis, of which P1 showed a greater influence on its acid value; P2 influenced its friability, specific surface area, and aperture; P3 affected its color, initial melting point, and saponification value; and P4 had a higher impact on its final melting point, melting range, and hardness. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the compounds found in RMW samples (RMWs) under different oxidation conditions differed significantly, with major differences in the content and amount of these components. Among the compounds in RMWs, 16 different compounds (variable importance of projection > 1) were found by the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis method, nine of which have a strong relationship to the different performances of RMWs. This work provided a basis for the development of performance-oriented preparation processing technology for RMW.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 12
·3000
·
IF 3.1
Jieying Su,Haitao Zhang,Meiting Zhu,Jiajie Cai,Bin Xu
As a renewable, environmentally friendly, natural, and organic material, wood has been receiving extensive attention from various industries. However, the hydrophilicity of wood significantly impacts the stability and durability of its products, which can be effectively addressed by constructing superhydrophobic coatings on the surface of wood. In this study, tung oil, carnauba wax, and silica nanoparticles were used to construct superhydrophobic coatings on hydrophilic wood surfaces by a facile two-step dip-coating method. The surface wettability and morphology of the coatings were analyzed by a contact angle meter and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results suggest that the coating has a micron–nanosized two-tiered structure, and the contact angle of the coating is higher than 150° and the roll-off angle is lower than 10°. Sandpaper abrasion tests and UV diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that the coatings have excellent abrasion resistance and good transparency. In addition, the coated wood shows excellent self-cleaning and water resistance, which have great potential for applications in industry and furniture manufacturing.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
木材加工
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Forests
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·2262
·
IF 2.4
Luoyuan Zhang,Kuiyan Song
This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of hot-waxed wood by incorporating microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), thereby addressing the issue of inadequate surface durability. We investigated the effects of varying mass fractions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of MCC on multiple surface properties of hot-waxed wood modified with natural wax and maleic anhydride-ethyl acetate copolymer-grafted Fischer-Tropsch wax. These properties encompass adhesion, hardness, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, surface roughness, gloss, and hydrophobicity. To gain deeper insights into the reinforcing role of MCC, analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to comprehensively characterize the chemical structure, crystalline structure, and surface morphology of the samples. The results reveal that, upon the addition of 5% MCC, the hot-waxed wood treated with modified Fischer-Tropsch wax demonstrates a 41% increase in surface adhesive strength, an improvement in hardness from 2H to 3H, a reduction in surface impact resistance from grade 5 to grade 2, and a 72% decrease in wear mass. Additionally, it exhibits enhanced surface hydrophobicity and thermal stability, while preserving its decorative appearance. These findings endorse the use of MCC in hot-waxed wood, offering significant potential in fields like wooden architecture, indoor wooden decorative panels, and furniture.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
木材工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Horticulturae
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·851
·
IF 3.4
Zhuoshuai Jin,Xinyu Qi,Meng Liu,Jiasi Han,Lixue Gong,Jiaojiao Li,Qianyu Ji,Liang Zhao,Xuena Yu,Ye Guo,Yingqiang Wen
Cuticular wax metabolites on leaf surfaces function as chemical interfaces that modulate the pre-penetration development of phytopathogenic fungi. However, the specific monomeric constituents in grapevine leaf wax that regulate conidial germination and host recognition by grapevine powdery mildew caused byErysiphe necatorremain elusive. Here, we compared leaf cuticular wax characteristics between four susceptibleVitis viniferacultivars and three resistant Chinese wildVitisaccessions. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with gravimetric analysis revealed that susceptibleV. viniferacultivars exhibited lower wax loads and lamellar crystals, whereas resistant Chinese wildVitisaccessions displayed higher wax accumulation with granular or blocky crystals. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiling further demonstrated divergent compositional patterns: primary alcohols predominated among susceptibleV. viniferacultivars, while aldehydes and alkanes were enriched in resistant Chinese wildVitisaccessions. Paradoxically, in vitro conidial germination assays showed that wax extracts from all grapevines significantly promotedEn.NAFU1 conidial germination, indicating that resistance in Chinese wildVitisaccessions is independent of direct wax-mediated inhibition of spore germination. Bioassays of representative monomers revealed that n-triacontane suppressed germination at high concentrations, whereas n-dotriacontanol and stearic acid stimulated it. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that specific cuticular wax monomers exert distinct biological effects onEn.NAFU1 conidial germination. Given the ubiquitous presence and concentration-dependent stimulatory activity of stearic acid, we hypothesize that this monomer serves as a conserved chemical cue enabling initial host recognition byEn.NAFU1, whereas the differential susceptibility among grapevine genotypes is governed by downstream physical and induced defense mechanisms rather than by variation in stearic acid levels.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Dezhi Pan,Qingyun Chu,Xuelian He
Polyethylene wax is widely used for its unique physical properties, and metallocene structures are a key focus of research aimed at regulating product properties. In this study, the effects of bridge structures and ligand properties on ethylene polymerization are investigated, with H 2 as the chain-transfer agent. The results indicate that the bridge and ligands primarily influence ethylene polymerization through electronic and steric effects. The bridge creates a crowded ligand space, increasing resistance to monomer insertion and reducing catalytic activity. The dimethylsilyl bridge, with its electron-withdrawing effect, inhibits chain transfer, whereas the ethylene bridge, with its electron-donating effect, does not. Dimethylsilyl bridges also provide greater rigidity, enhance polymer chain regularity, and significantly broaden the molecular weight distribution. For ligands, larger volume effectively prevents chain transfer and results in a broader molecular weight distribution; electron-donating groups on the ligand can also enhance reactivity, compensating for the loss of reactivity caused by steric hindrance from large ligands. In summary, under identical H 2 pressure conditions, bridged metallocene catalysts with different structures significantly influence catalyst activities and the properties of the synthesized polyethylene wax. Highlight The effect of the metallocene catalyst structure on the initiation of ethylene polymerization using hydrogen as a chain-transfer agent has been investigated.
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DOI
高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Ziqi Zhang,Yue Jiang,Xinyu Zhao,Jianbo Qiao,Guanqun Du,Yaxun Fan,Yilin Wang
Surfactants are essential components of pesticide adjuvants, facilitating the solubilization of active ingredients, promoting droplet deposition on hydrophobic or superhydrophobic leaf surfaces, and enhancing uptake by plant tissues. However, the effect of deposited surfactant droplets on the interactions with plant waxes remains poorly understood. In this study, spherical micelles with tunable hydrophobicity were prepared by assembling fatty acids of varying alkyl chain lengths─decanoic (C10), lauric (C12), myristic (C14), and palmitic (C16) acids─with the branched organic base tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Aqueous droplets containing more hydrophobic micelles exhibit slower retraction upon a high-speed impact on hydrophobic wax films, maintain larger contact areas during evaporation, and demonstrate a stronger solubilization of hydrophobic pesticides. Increasing the chain length of the fatty acid enhances both micellar self-assembly and surface activity in solution. To mimic plant leaf wax, 1-octacosanol films with a water contact angle of ∼120° were employed. Micelles with higher hydrophobicity display increased surface activity, faster molecular diffusion, and stronger interactions with wax molecules, resulting in larger retention areas after deposition and evaporation. These interactions also improve the fluidity of the wax layer, potentially facilitating pesticide penetration into the leaves. This work highlights the critical role of micelle–wax interactions in determining surfactant performance as pesticide adjuvants and provides insights into optimizing droplet behavior and pesticide efficacy.
研究领域:
农业化学
·
胶体科学
·
农药科学
·
表面科学
·
植物生物物理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）