Materials Today Communications
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2022
·
IF 3.662
Chongyi Chi,Peng Wang,Wei Qian,Yuxia Zhang,Qinhui Chen
The silica (SiO 2 ) dispersion and interfacial adhesions are two essential factors for preparing rubber/SiO 2 composites with excellent mechanical properties. However, the dispersion of SiO 2 in natural rubber is very poor. In this study, cardanol grafted liquid isoprene rubber (CA- g -LIR) with groud-like structure was applied to adjust the interfacial adhesion between SiO 2 and natural rubber (NR). The properties of the obtained rubber composites were also investigated. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Mooney Viscometer (MV) and rubber process analyzer (RPA) demonstrated that CA- g -LIR improved the dispersion of SiO 2 in NR, reduced the Mooney viscosity of NR, prolonged the scorching time of NR and decreased the Payne effect of SiO 2 in NR. Furthermore, the tensile strength of NR 100 /CA- g -LIR 15 /SiO 2 composites are higher 26.67%, 13.25% and 18.42% than NR 100 /LIR 15 /SiO 2 composites when the added SiO 2 is 30, 40, 50 phr respectively. In short, CA- g -LIR was found to be a plasticizer and compatibilizer as well as an anti-coke agent. The potential application of CA- g -LIR could provide a simple and convenient green strategy for industry to solve the problem of poor dispersion of polar SiO 2 in non-polar rubber.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Keqi Yang,Liang Ren,Yunda Shen,Yaobing Wang,Yuchen Li,Chengwei Song,Zhipeng Jiang,Zhuokai Wang,Yuxuan Zhou,Fengxiang Gao
ECSD dimeric architecture offers multi-epoxide sites for in-situ interfacial covalent stitching. • Saturated succinate spacers enhance chain mobility while preventing thermal degradation pathways. • In-situ covalent stitching eliminates the coarse sea-island separation. Improving the interfacial adhesion of immiscible polyester blends through rational molecular design remains a critical challenge for developing high-performance sustainable polymer materials. Herein, a cardanol-derived epoxy dimer (ECSD) was designed and synthesized as a bio-based reactive interface regulator for poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) blends. The unique dual-anchor molecular architecture of ECSD, consisting of two epoxidized cardanol-derived units connected by a flexible succinate spacer, provides multiple reactive sites and facilitates preferential localization at the PLA/P34HB interface. Surface-energy analysis based on interfacial tension calculations revealed the thermodynamic tendency of ECSD to reside at the phase boundary, while the epoxy groups enabled interfacial reactions with terminal functional groups of the polyester chains during melt processing. This molecular-level interface regulation effectively strengthened interfacial adhesion, refined phase morphology, and improved stress transfer efficiency within the blend system. At an optimized ECSD loading of 2 phr, the notched Izod impact strength increased from 8.1 to 33.8 kJ/m 2 , accompanied by an enhancement in work of fracture from 4.27 to 17.84 MJ/m 3 , while maintaining a Young’s modulus of 1178 MPa. In addition, ECSD-modified blends exhibited improved thermal stability and regulated enzymatic degradation behavior due to the formation of a more stable interfacial structure. This work demonstrates that a cardanol-derived epoxy dimer provides an effective molecular design strategy for constructing robust interfaces and achieving balanced mechanical performance in immiscible polyester blends. Download: Download high-res image (272KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
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2025
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IF 3.5
Jiaxing Zhang,Zhao Zhang,Hui Chang,Yangyi Chen
In this paper, a UV-curable solvent-free biomass polyurethane acrylic material was prepared by a two-step method, including the synthesis of cardanol-based polymerizable monomer and cardanol-based resins. This resin could form excellent self-cleaning and anti-fingerprint coatings after suffering from UV curing. It was found that the cardanol alkyl chain broke the hydrogen-fluorine (H⋅⋅⋅F) bond between the F atom of perfluoroalkyl acrylate and H-N of polyurethane in the coating. And cardanol alkyl chain synergistically induced the directional arrangement of F atoms to the surface, which improved the hydrophobic properties of the coating. This coating has good resistance to common pollutants such as water, ethanol, milk, coffee, dust, and fingerprints, and is suitable for various substrates such as sheet iron, and PET sheet. Due to the high degree of crosslinking in the coating, it can effectively prevent the penetration of acidic and alkaline substances, maintaining good self-cleaning performance even after immersion in a solution of strong acids or alkalis (pH 1–13) for 72 h. The use of cardanol-induced coating fluorine atom surface rearrangement technology can significantly reduce the amount of fluorine and also provide new ideas for the design of self-cleaning and anti-graffiti materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
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IF 6.3
Zhongxin Xie,Zixuan Yang,Liangyong Chu,Kuan Chen,Liming Shen,Ningzhong Bao
Herein the Nano-epoxidized graphene oxide (NE-GO) was demonstrated to be used as a film-forming component to enhance the barrier properties of purely bio-basedepoxy coatings, composed of a Cardol bifunctional epoxy resin and a Cardanol-basedamine curing agent. AFM has been used to characterize the local cross-linking densityof the coatings. It was found that discontinuous high-crosslinking regions were formedsurrounded by low-crosslinking regions, which decreased the barrier and mechanicalproperties of the coatings. Atomically-dense NE-GO was proposed to be used as thefilm-forming components to achieve a high crosslinking density of purely bio-basedcoatings. FT-IR, AFM, Raman, and XPS have demonstrated the successful preparationof NE-GO. Contact angle, SEM, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)tests demonstrated that the NE-GO worked as a film-forming component to enhancethe cross-linking density of the coating. Compared to the pristine purely bio-basedcoating, the barrier performance (|Z|0.01 Hz) of the epoxy coating with NE-GO as theepoxy film-forming components increased by four orders of magnitude after soaking inNaCl solution (3.5 wt%) for 140 days. The strategy of using 2D, flexible, highlyfunctional, and high-dense GO with a tailored size as the epoxy film-formingcomponents may also be useful for other bio-based epoxy coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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生物基材料
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
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2013
·Vol. 52
·期 4
·472-480
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IF 3.543
Yuan Liu,Juan Wang,Shiai Xu
Three novel cardanol-based phenalkamines with good stability have been successfully prepared by Mannich reaction using phenolic compounds with paraformaldehyde and hexamethylenediamine (or its mixture with other amines). The structure of the prepared phenalkamines has been analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The curing kinetics of the prepared epoxy resin/phenalkamine systems has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and determined by Kissinger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Crane methods. Furthermore, the thermal properties of the cured materials have been evaluated using DSC and thermogravimetric analysis, and the mechanical properties of the cured materials have been analyzed systematically. The results demonstrate that the phenalkamine 1 (PAA1) had a lower reactivity and better toughness than phenalkamine 2 (PAA2) and phenalkamine 3 (PAA3). In addition, PAA1 is a solid curing agent, while PAA2 and PAA3 are liquid curing agents, which were more convenient for practical usage. Results indicate that the properties of the prepared phenalkamines strongly depend on the structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 472–480
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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热分析
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固化动力学
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环氧树脂
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL PAPERS
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2017
·Vol. 69
·期 12
·1608-1616
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IF 1.258
Cheng Chuan-Jie,Zhang Xu,Bai Xiong-Xiong,Li Jin,Cao Xing-Xing,Wang Jing-Lan
A benzophenone-containing SET-LRP initiator based on renewable and abundant cardanol was synthesised in 71 % yield using the selective etherification reaction. Next, methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a monomer was polymerised under SET-LRP conditions using the newly prepared initiator to prepare cardanol-end poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The kinetic results of the polymerisation indicated that the reaction was controllable when the monomer conversion was lower than approximately 50 %, and the molecular masses of PMMA measured by GPC were higher than the theoretical values while the monomer conversion was more than 50 %. In addition, most of the carbon-carbon double bonds of the side hydrocarbon chain of the end-cardanol group in the PMMA were kept intact from 1 H NMR spectrum characterisation. Accordingly, when the cardanol-end PMMA together with a tertiary amine-containing cardanol derivative was irradiated by UV light, the corresponding UV-cured resin was obtained. The chemical resistance and hardness of the UV-cured film were enhanced with the increasing irradiation time.
研究领域:
材料科学
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有机化学
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2016
·Vol. 66
·期 3
·443-449
·
IF 2.414
Xiaoying Li,Xiaoan Nie,Jie Chen,Yigang Wang
A new type of plasticizer, epoxidized cardanol butyl ether (ECBE), was synthesized via etherification and epoxidation. Successful synthesis was confirmed from Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra. The obtained product was evaluated by adding it to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) incorporated with dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Mechanical and thermal properties of PVC blends were studied using tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Processability, migration and volatility of plasticizing systems were also investigated. Tensile tests found a maximum increase of 17.8% in elongation at break. DMA results indicated that glass transition temperature shifted to lower temperature with a maximum decrease of 5.76 °C. TGA results revealed that PVC blends with higher content of ECBE had higher thermal stability; initial degradation temperature, 50% weight loss temperature and the first peak degradation temperature increased by 15.3, 14.8 and 4.1 °C, respectively. Processing time was extended from 11.56 to 59.94 min. The plasticizing performance of migration and volatility resistance were higher than those of neat DOP. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
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2018
·
IF 4.514
Wenwen Guo,Xin Wang,Chandra Sekhar Reddy Gangireddy,Junling Wang,Ying Pan,Weiyi Xing,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
A bio-based phosphorus-containing benzoxazine monomer (CBz) was successfully synthesized through the reaction between cardanol and DOPO-based diamine. In order to simultaneously improve the toughness and flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP), various contents of CBz in combination with boron-doped graphene (BG) nanosheets were incorporated into EP to obtain boron-doped graphene/cardanol derived benzoxazine-epoxy composites (EP/CBz/BG). By comparison, cardanol derived benzoxazine-epoxy co-polymers (EP/CBz) were also fabricated. Results show that the addition of the as-prepared CBz into EP not only endowed EP with excellent flame retardancy, but also improved the glass transition temperature and impact strength . Specifically, the peak heat release rate of EP composite with 13 wt% CBz and 2 wt% BG decreased by 48% compared to that of neat EP, accompanying with an increase of impact strength by 22%. These favorable features of EP/CBz/BG composites are attributed to the unique structure of CBz and high resistance to thermal decomposition of BG.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 67
·期 3
·269-275
·
IF 2.07
Jie Chen,Xiaoan Nie,Jianchun Jiang
A novel plasticizer based on cardanol, hydrogenated cardanol glycidyl ether acetic ester containing phosphaphenanthrene group (HCGEP), was prepared and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The molecular structure was characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The thermal degradation behavior and flame retardant performance of PVC films with HCGEP as secondary or main plasticizer were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, combustion tests, limiting oxygen index tests and morphological analysis of residues. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PVC films were examined based on the results of tensile testing. The results were compared to those of the petroleum-based plasticizer dioctyl phthalate. With the substitution of dioctyl phthalate with HCGEP, PVC films exhibited high thermal stability and better flame retardant performance. The tensile test results showed that the addition of HCGEP could endow PVC resin with well-balanced properties of flexibility, strength and hardness. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Shicai Yan,Xianjin Yang,Limin Wang,Qijie Yang,Ming Ding
A series of novel surfactants, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether sulfosuccinate salts (BGFS) were synthesized from cardanol polyoxyethylene ethers (BGF) with different ethoxy (EO) chain lengths, maleic anhydride and sodium sulfite. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) were used to characterize the structure of surfactant products. Their surface tension (Static and dynamic surface tension), foam properties, wetting ability and emulsifying property were tested systematically, and the influence of ethoxy chain length on their properties was investigated. The results show that when the ethoxy number is 12, the surfactant has the best surface, wetting, foam and emulsifying properties. Waterborne acrylic emulsion was synthesized with surfactant whose the ethoxy number was 12 as emulsifier. In this study, EO chain length plays a key role in surfactant performance by regulating hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. In addition, the relationship between different ethoxy chain lengths and properties was constructed by using biomass cardanol polyoxyethylene ethers as raw material, which provided a new idea for developing high performance and green biomass-based surfactants and showed potential application value in detergent, tertiary oil recovery and other fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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表面化学
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绿色化学
·
乳液聚合
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DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2020
·
IF 4.469
Yupei Su,Shuting Zhang,Xiaohua Zhou,Zhuohong Yang,Teng Yuan
A cardanol-based UV-curable reactive diluent (CACAA) was synthesized via two facile acrylation reactions and then copolymerized with acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) under UV irradiation to prepare cured films with high bio-based content. For comparison, petroleum-based reactive diluents, including pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and bisphenol-A ethoxylated (2) diacrylate (BPAEODA), were also used to copolymerize with AESO under UV irradiation. The characterizations of 1 H NMR and FT-IR were implemented to confirm the chemical structure of CACAA. The bio-based content and rheological behavior of the coating solutions with different diluents were compared. Besides, the gel content, volume shrinkage and solvent absorption of the UV-cured films were measured. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical properties (via DMA), thermal stability (via TGA), mechanical properties (via tensile test) and coating properties (such as coating hardness, solvent resistance , and glossiness) of the UV-cured films were studied. Results revealed that the addition of CACAA could significantly improve the gel content, glass transition temperature , tensile strength and solvent resistance of the cured AESO films. Besides, CACAA exhibited better dilution effect and lower volume shrinkage than petroleum-based diluents (PETA and BPAEODA). Therefore, the cardanol-based UV-curable reactive diluent (CACAA) shows great potential to substitute petroleum-based diluents to prepare low-viscosity and low-shrinkage UV-curable coatings with high bio-based content. Also, the novel method proposed in this study provides a guideline to the preparation of highly bio-based coatings, and it will facilitate the development of bio-based polymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2015
·
IF 2.358
Changqing Fu,Jiancheng Liu,Hongying Xia,Liang Shen
Industrial-grade cardanol and 2-mercaptoethanol were reacted to generate hydroxyl-functionalized cardanol by UV, free-radical-initiated thiol-ene coupling between the double bond moieties of the cardanol long carbon side chain and thiol functional groups. The average hydroxyl number of the hydroxyl-functionalized cardanol was controlled by reaction time, with the hydroxyl values of this ranging within 168–201 mg KOH g −1 . This cardanol was then used as a polyol to prepare cardanol-based polyurethane with hexamethylene diisocyanate and a NCO/OH ratio of 1. To compare the effect of cardanol-based polyols with the properties of cardanol-based polyurethane, cardanol modified with 10-undecylenate was used as a raw material to prepare cardanol-based polyols, including the long carbon chain of 10-undecylenate. All properties were examined, and data revealed that cardanol-based polyols including this long carbon chain can improve the hydrophobic and mechanic properties of the cardanol-based polyurethane.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）