BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
·
2016
·
IF 5.083
Lang-Hong Wang,Man-Sheng Wang,Xin-An Zeng,De-Ming Gong,Yan-Bo Huang
Background Some antibacterial agents exert their antimicrobial action by targeting the cytoplasmic macromolecules , such as proteins or nucleic acids , to disturb the properties of macromolecules that may deeply influence their biological activities and functions. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is a natural antibacterial ingredient found in the bark and leaves of cinnamon trees . Methods The inhibitory mechanism of a typical enzyme , β-galactosidase by CIN was investigated by UV–visible, fluorescence, 3-D spectroscopy, circular dichroism , atomic force microscopy and molecular modeling studies. Results CIN decreased the activity of β-galactosidase by competitive inhibition through a multiphase kinetic process. 3-D spectroscopy and circular dichroism showed that the binding of CIN to β-galactosidase resulted in changes in micro-environment of tryptophan and tyrosine residues, and conformation of β-galactosidase. The molecular recognition was also analyzed through modeling which indicated that CIN was inserted into the active site pocket of β-galactosidase and interacted with amino acid residues, such as Met502, Trp568, Phe601 and Trp999. Atomic force microscopy showed that a serious destabilization of the native conformation of β-galactosidase occurred after binding with CIN, e.g., morphological changes and increased dimensions of the β-galactosidase molecule. Moreover, it was found that the combinations of CIN, carvacrol and thymol exposure displayed synergistic effects on the inhibition of β-galactosidase. General significance This study exhibits a comprehensively understanding about the action mechanism of CIN that affects the conformation and activity of β-galactosidase in biochemical processes and provides some new insights into the possible intracellular targeting behaviors of CIN at a molecular level.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2025
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IF 5.2
Haiying Cui,Xingjun Chen,Tariq Aziz,Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed,Fahad Al-Asmari,Jaza Maqbl Alshammari,Fakhria A. Al-Joufi,Ce Shi,Lin Lin
Salmonella Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium ) is a major contributor responsible for food contamination and foodborne illnesses. In this study, the antibacterial activity of natural compound carvacrol (CAR) against S. Typhimurium were evaluated, and the combined inhibitory effects of CAR and blue light-405 nm (BL-405 nm) were also assessed for chicken meat preservation. CAR showed efficient antibacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 0.5 mg/mL. CAR at 2MIC significantly compromised bacterial membrane integrity, resulting in intracellular content leakage. The combined effect of CAR and BL-405 nm achieved a remarkable 5.62 log CFU/mL reduction in S. Typhimurium viability. The antibacterial mechanism investigations demonstrated that BL-405 nm and CAR triggered the cell oxidative stress by producing highly reactive oxygen species, such as reactive hydroxyl radicals ( OH), leading to cellular destruction and ultimately resulting in cell death. In practical application test, CAR combined with BL-405 nm treatment effectively extended chicken meat shelf life by maintaining moisture content, stabilizing pH, preserving color and texture, and inhibiting microbial growth and lipid oxidation. The study provided novel insights into the antibacterial mechanisms of CAR combined with BL-405 nm against S. Typhimurium , which could offer a new strategy for extending the shelf life of poultry meat.
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PubMed
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Food Biophysics
·
2025
·Vol. 20
·期 4
·1-16
·
IF 3.2
Zhou Qi,Wang Yangguang,Yuan Gaofeng,Dai Qiuping
Intelligent indicator films were successfully fabricated by incorporating blood peach anthocyanins (BPA) and β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated carvacrol (β-CD@CAR) into chitosan/cellulose nanocrystals (CN) matrices. The prepared films were comprehensively characterized using multiple analytical techniques. The addition of BPA and β-CD@CAR significantly enhanced the films' UV–vis radiation blocking ability, thermal stability, as well as antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging rate: 45.89% for CN-EO-1A film, vs. 7.71% for pure CN film) and antibacterial activities (inhibition zones of 10.24 mm and 8.52 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , respectively). Specifically, β-CD@CAR notably improved the mechanical properties of the films and strengthened their color stability and pH responsiveness. Notably, the CN film with 0.5% (w/w) BPA and β-CD@CAR (CN-EO-0.5A) demonstrated excellent performance, with a tensile strength of 10.99 MPa and an elongation at break of 91.66%. Additionally, it exhibited remarkable color responsiveness to different pH values and ammonia exposure. The effectiveness of the CN-EO-0.5A in monitoring shrimp freshness during storage at 4 °C was further evaluated. The film could visually indicate the freshness levels of shrimp, distinguishing among fresh, sub-fresh, and spoiled states through distinct color changes. Strong correlations were established between the total color difference of the CN-EO-0.5A and key freshness indicators of shrimp, including total volatile basic nitrogen ( R 2 = 0.9630) and total viable count ( R 2 = 0.9983). Therefore, the CN-EO-0.5A film showed promise for real-time monitoring seafood freshness.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
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IF 10.4
Li Xia,Zurong Shi,Guangxin Ren,Wenya Wei,Mingjuan Zhang,Yue Wang,Yun Wang
Ethylene vinyl alcohol-bayberry anthocyanins-carvacrol (EVOH-BAs-CA) membrane is developed for fruit freshness monitoring and maintaining. • BAs endow the membrane antioxidant activity. • Antibacterial activity of the membrane is from the control released CA. • EVOH-BAs-CA membrane has a reversible transparency response to ethanol exudate. In this study, a visual freshness indicator based on electrospun fibers membrane was fabricated, which relies on ethanol-responsive light transmittance to evaluate fruit freshness. Carvacrol (CA) and bayberry anthocyanins (BAs) were incorporated into ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) matrix to prepare the composite membrane for bayberry freshness monitoring and preservation. The EVOH-BAs-CA membrane was initially opaque and turned transparent, as ethanol (EtOH) exudates released from spoiled bayberry induced a rapid increase in light transmittance during storage. The membrane showed high sensitivity to ethanol exudates, retaining a transmittance above 60% after 10 reuse cycles. Additionally, the EVOH-BAs-CA membrane exhibits strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties and can approximately prolong the freshness of bayberry for 4 days, which resulted from the effective release of CA and BAs. The implementation of the EVOH-BAs-CA membrane in visual freshness monitoring for bayberry highlights its significant potential within intelligent packaging systems. Download: Download high-res image (127KB) Download: Download full-size image
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
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IF 7.3
Ying Xie,Ke Ding,Saiqing Xu,Xinbei Qiao,Qi Tang,Yang Shan,Shenghua Ding
Aspergillus niger is the principal postharvest spoilage fungus of high-moisture fruits, causing substantial food waste and economic losses. Carvacrol, a plant‑derived phenolic, exhibits significant antifungal potential against A. niger , while the specific target and molecular mechanism requires further elucidation, and poor solubility hinders application. Here, we developed a carvacrol nanoemulsion (CN) stabilized by OSA-modified starch nanoparticles to overcome this limitation and elucidated the antifungal mechanism against A. niger . Compared to ethanol-dissolved carvacrol (CE), CN exhibited superior antifungal efficacy with nano-sized droplets enhancing cell membrane penetration, resulting in a lower MIC (156.25 mg/L) than CE (312.5 mg/L). CN induced more severe hyphal membrane and ultrastructural damage, as well as severe ultrastructural damage, ROS accumulation, electrolyte leakage, reduced ergosterol and ATP contents, and elevated MDA levels in A. niger . Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CN reduced the lesion diameter of representative fruits (kiwifruit and strawberries) during storage. Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that CN profoundly disrupted the metabolic homeostasis of A. niger . Specifically, while A. niger upregulated ABC transporters to efflux carvacrol, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation downregulation caused ATP deficiency. Meanwhile, CN treatment suppressed key genes/proteins in alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism, blocking nitrogen assimilation, nucleotide synthesis, and toxic intermediate detoxification. The oxidative damage, biosynthetic arrest, and impaired DNA replication and repair functions induced by CN resulted in membrane damage and macromolecule leakage, ultimately causing irreversible cell death. This study elucidated the antifungal mechanism of carvacrol at physiological and molecular levels, providing a theoretical basis for controlling postharvest decay using nanoemulsion technology.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2023
·
IF 10.7
Haiying Cui,Qun Cheng,Changzhu Li,Myat Noe Khin,Lin Lin
The construction of films has often been devoted to loading active substances to improve biological activity in recent years. However, the positive impacts on packaging properties by establishing a cross-linking reaction between the load materials and the substrate are frequently overlooked. The essence of this work was to cross-linked gelatin-based film with κ-carrageenan and dialdehyde β-cyclodextrin inclusion (IC/DA-β-CD) and the functionalities were also investigated. β-cyclodextrin was oxidized with sodium periodate to introduce aldehyde groups. The hydrophobic cavity was not disrupted and the modified cyclodextrin exhibited solubilization of carvacrol. In addition, the introduction of aldehyde group improved the dispersion effect of cyclodextrin in water, but the solid particles were more likely to gather when exposed to the air. Electrostatic complexation of gelatin and κ-carrageenan significantly ( p < 0.05) enhanced the tensile strength (from 10.85 to 26.54 MPa), surface water contact angle (WCA) from 97.16 to 110.08° and thermal stability of the film. Contrarily, the elongation at break rate decreased significantly and the antibacterial activity was not potent. The crosslinked IC/DA-β-CD further improved the mechanical properties, and excellent barrier capabilities of the film. Consequently, the WCA and thermal stability were further enhanced as well as the antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes (the eradication rate reached 99.989%). Release experiments demonstrated cross-linked film was more suitable for fatty foods with excellent packaging application ability for ready-to-eat (RTE) ham. Based on the promising properties, the cross-linked film has great deal of potential as RTE active packaging.
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Food and Bioprocess Technology
·
2024
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IF 5.3
Cao Zhaoxin,Su Jingyi,Luo Yali,Wang Xinyu,Liu Zhiming,Chen Yanqi,Zou Yijing,Shen Wen,Ge Xuemei
Carvacrol essential oil has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, but the essential oil is volatile and unstable for long-term storage and use. In order to improve the relevant properties of carvacrol, in the present study, carvacrol was encapsulated with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using the saturated aqueous solution method, and response surface analysis was carried out, which gave a high encapsulation rate (63.58 ± 3.74%). The success encapsulation of carvacrol was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The release performance of the encapsulants was also tested at different temperature and humidity levels. In addition, polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite carvacrol-inclusive preservation paper prepared by these anhydrous conditions showed high antibacterial activity against Streptomyces fructus Monilinia fructicola , the main pathogen of peaches. Also, PEG was used to form the film in the anhydrous condition with the inclusion compound and ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to obtain the film coated paper, and its effect on postharvest preservation quality of peach was studied. The results showed that PEG + Carvacrol-β-CD + 1-MCP-α-CD inclusion complexes (ICs) effectively prolonged the storage time and improved the fruit quality and enzyme activity of peach. This study provides a solution for the preparation of controlled-release coated paper with essential oils and 1-MCP bioactives to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Graphical Abstract
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Tiantian Min,Jin Yue,Chuanxiang Cheng,Xiaoyun Ma,Shihan Weng,Yuwan Luo,Yujie Lei,Yangyang Long
Developing stimuli-responsive on-demand release systems is very important to effectively suppress microbial infections and excessive food decomposition. However, the commonly designed controlled release systems with a single responsiveness cannot accurately response to environmental changes in food packaging scenarios. Herein, a pH/enzyme dual-responsive active packaging was fabricated based on in situ growth of ZIF-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose (TOCNF) film and loading with carvacrol (CAR), after that electrostatic adsorbing pectin as “gatekeeper” for fruit preservation. The developed CAR@ZIF-8/TOCNF/Pec film was able to respond to acidic condition and pectinase produced by microorganisms in the case of fungal infections during food storage, thus possessing a dual-responsive controlled-release function. The release rate of CAR reached approximately 86.83 ± 1.82 % at pH = 5.0 and reached 88.65 ± 1.86 % in the presence of pectinase (1.0 mg/mL) after 168 h. In addition, the CAR@ZIF-8/TOCNF/Pec film performed superior inhibition efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Aspergillus niger . The CAR@ZIF-8/TOCNF/Pec film were highly effective in preserving the freshness of fungus-inoculated raspberries and mangoes, and inhibited the spread of fungal spores during storage for 5 and 7 days, respectively. Therefore, this work provided a promising, smart and eco-friendly strategy for on-demand and precise release of bioactive ingredients during food storage and preservation.
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JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.2
Yifei Wang,Liyao Gu,Huizhen Li,Pan Li,Ayidina Yalikun,Xiaobo Yang,Mengchao Ying,Shuo Zhang,Shoukui He
Dandruff is a prevalent scalp disorder linked to Malassezia spp. proliferation, resulting in spurred demand for gentle antifungal solutions. Carvacrol, a plant-derived essential oil component with potent antimicrobial activity, holds promise but suffers from poor solubility. The utilization of alkyl polyglycoside (APG), an eco-friendly nonionic surfactant, in conjunction with the microemulsion technology, may enhance carvacrol delivery and efficacy. This study aims to assess the effects of surfactants and short chain alcohols on carvacrol microemulsion phase behavior and antifungal activity against M. furfur. The judicious utilization of 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG) as a short chain alcohol effectively expanded the single-phase region of carvacrol microemulsions. The oil-in-water microemulsions demonstrated high transparency, excellent homogeneity, and exceptional stability. Notably, when APG was used either individually or in combination as a surfactant, its antimicrobial efficacy was superior to that of Tween-80. The antifungal performance of carvacrol microemulsions was significantly influenced by the oil-to-alcohol ratio; higher ratios resulted in enhanced antifungal activity when APG and Tween-80 were combined. When incorporated as an active ingredient in scalp care formulations, carvacrol microemulsions exhibited sustained release and prolonged inhibition of M. furfur. The synergistic application of 1,3-BG, Tween-80, and APG markedly improved the inhibitory efficacy of carvacrol against M. furfur. Thus, the developed microemulsion demonstrates strong potential as a functional ingredient for anti-dandruff products, combining efficacy with environmental sustainability.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION
·
2026
·Vol. 2026
·期 1
·3038234
·
IF 3.1
Yu Liu,Jingyi Wang,Na Ma,Gaiping Guo,Rakesh Kumar,Hua Wu,Huafeng Tian
Growing demand for sustainable meat preservation requires solutions addressing microbial spoilage, lipid oxidation, and plastic pollution. This study developed gelatin/hyaluronic acid films incorporating carvacrol-loaded β-cyclodextrin microcapsules (CAR@β-CD films incorporating carvacrol-loaded solutions addressing microbial spoilage, lipid oxidation, and plastic pollution) and UV-blocking capacity (<20% transmittance at 275 nm), with sustained CAR release over 24 h. Antimicrobial activity against E. coli (87.3%) and S. aureus (91.5%) was higher than that of free CAR, while DPPH scavenging reached 32.1%. In pork preservation tests, coated samples maintained pH below 6.3 (vs. 6.7 in control) on day 9, reduced weight loss by 52.8% (4.2% vs. 8.9%), and lowered TBARS values by 57.1% (1.2 vs. 2.8 mg MDA/kg). Total viable counts remained below freshness thresholds for 7 days. These biodegradable films demonstrate multifunctional packaging potential aligned with green development strategies.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2023
·
IF 10.7
Tiantian Min,Yujie Lei,Chuanxiang Cheng,Yuwan Luo,Yushan Zhang,Jin Yue
Natural biopolymers have widespread applications in active food packaging attribute to their low-cost, easy availability, environmental-friendly, and excellent processibility. Extensive attention has been paid to integrate or modify nanostructures on biopolymer substrates to endow packaging materials with satisfactory preservation effects. Herein, green γ-cyclodextrin-metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) were successfully integrated on chitosan-cellulose (CS-CEL) polysaccharide film through in situ growth method and encapsulated with carvacrol (CAR) for controlled release active packaging. The γ-CD-MOFs were anchored on CS-CEL film depending on the coordination of glucose units in CS-CEL and potassium ion , which significantly improved the surface area of CS-CEL film from 1.0294 m 2 /g to 43.3458 m 2 /g. Furthermore, the molecular docking and 1 H NMR spectra indicated that γ-CD-MOF has better complexing and stabilizing ability for CAR molecules than γ-CD. Additionally, the inhibition rate of this composite film against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Botrytis cinerea reached more than 99%. The film performed a humidity-controlled release effect on CAR and the release conformed to non-Fick diffusion. The shelf life of strawberries was extended to 7 days after treated with this film during storage. By incorporating the merits of natural biopolymers and MOFs, this novel active packaging offers great potential as a substitute for traditional packaging materials.
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Polymers
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 5
·574
·
IF 4.9
Lin Fu,Hengxin Ren,Chaoxing Wang,Yaxin Zhao,Bohang Zou,Xiangyu Zhang
Polymer-based drug-controlled release systems offer greater efficacy and potency than conventional therapies. However, prominent drug side effects, lower circulation, and low drug loading capabilities limit their application range. In this work, the combination of Simvastatin (SIV) and Carvacrol (CAV) into PEG-PLGA microspheres (SIV-CAV-PP-MS) was achieved via an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique, resulting in microspheres characterized by high encapsulation efficiency and reduced particle size. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cumulative drug release increased with higher SIV and CAV levels in the release medium, reaching 88.91% and 89.35% at 25 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the concentrations of SIV and CAV reached their maximum levels at approximately seven days in the SIV-CAV-PP-MS group, which indicates that using PEG-PLGA as a carrier significantly delays drug release. In vivo, evaluation demonstrated that the SIV-CAV-PP-MS high-dose group and positive drug control group showed reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 0.39-fold and 0.36-fold compared to the Hyperlipidemia model group, and the addition of CAV significantly enhanced the lipid-lowering effects of SIV. Histological examinations indicated that the SIV-CAV-PP-MS medium-dose group displayed histological features more closely resembling those of normal mice compared to the Simvastatin control group, with a well-organized hepatocyte structure, a significant reduction in lipids, and improved liver health. The prepared polymeric microsphere utilizing SIV and SAV will be a promising dosage form for hyperlipidemia disease patients, with superior lipid-lowering efficacy and improved patient compliance.
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高影响因子
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