ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Liying Ma,Feng Luo,Lanlin Wang,Jiangning Gong,Jing Li,Hongxia Song,Weiwei Cai
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) must simultaneously achieve high proton conductivity, low methanol permeability, and robust stability; however, these properties are intrinsically coupled in hydrocarbon-based systems. Here, we report a fluorene-reinforced polyamide hybrid membrane that decouples proton transport from methanol crossover through a rational dual-phase design. A highly sulfonated phenylenediamine-based polyamide (PDP) is integrated with a rigid fluorene-containing polyamide (PFP), forming continuous proton-conducting domains confined within a mechanically robust framework. Strong acid–base interactions between sulfonic acid and amide groups generate a dynamically cross-linked network, which effectively suppresses swelling and methanol transport while preserving efficient proton conduction. As a result, the optimized DF-20 membrane exhibits a high proton conductivity of 0.27 S/cm, an ultralow methanol permeability of 1.57 × 10–7 cm2/s, and a selectivity nearly 1 order of magnitude higher than that of Nafion 117. More importantly, this intrinsic performance translates into a 57% enhancement in maximum power density in DMFC operation. This work establishes a fluorene-enabled hybridization strategy that provides a general pathway for designing high-selectivity hydrocarbon PEMs.
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DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Polymer Science
·
2022
·Vol. 2022
·期 1
·9255159
·
IF 2.973
Xiaozhou Zhang,Yang Liu,Xin Li,Xin Liu,Xigao Jian,Jinyan Wang
Polycarbonate is an attractive transparent plastic with high mechanical/thermal properties. A family of copolycarbonates of bisphenol-A (BPA), 9, 9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (BHPF), and diphenyl carbonate (DPC) were prepared by a transesterification polymerization. The weight-average molecular weight of the polycarbonates ranges from 65,000 to 107,000 g/mol; the copolycarbonates showed T g and T d −5 % from 63-70°C and 100-105°C higher than the control, respectively. Meanwhile, the processing properties of polycarbonate remain unchanged. These properties endow the polymers with potential for use as high-temperature resistance materials.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
聚合物热性能
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DOI
高影响因子
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
·
2016
·
IF 7.476
Liheng Feng,Lixia Guo,Xiaoju Wang
A novel conjugated polymer (PFP) comprised of fluorene , benzene and alcoxyl units was synthesized by a Suzuki coupling reaction between fluorene borate and dibromobenzene derivant. Due to its longer alcoxyl groups in the side chain, PFP polymer possesses good solubility in common organic solvents . Accordingly, conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) from PFP polymer were easily prepared by a re-precipitation method. A spherical structure of the CPNs with an average diameter of ~75 nm was verified by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CPNs exhibit high photostability, good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Based on these excellent properties, the CPNs as staining and labeling regents were used to cell imaging and located in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, the fluorescent probe based on CPNs displays high selectivity and sensitivity for Fe(III) in water because of the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching action between CPNs and Fe(III). The contribution of the report lies in providing a new strategy for designing and developing CPNs-based probes, and applying in the interdisciplinary fields of chemistry , biology and material sciences.
研究领域:
化学
·
生物学
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2015
·Vol. 33
·期 8
·939-947
·
IF 1.578
Guo-Feng Zhang,Tao Chen,Ze-Qiang Chen,Matthew P. Aldred,Xianggao Meng,Ming-Qiang Zhu
We have synthesized a series of fluorene-based fluorophores, in which a central fluorene core has been modified with different peripheral arylene vinylene substituents that are able to activate aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. 9,9-Dioctylfluorene doubly end-capped at the 2,7-positions with triphenylethene groups, such as 4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl (F1-(2,2)-HTPE) and 4-(1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl (F1-(1,2)-HTPE) were synthesized and compared to the tetraphenylethene analogue (F1-TPE). Both F1-(2,2)-HTPE and F1-(1,2)-HTPE glow with a deep blue fluorescence in THF solution with emission maxima ( λ em ) of 426 and 403 nm, respectively. The λ em slightly red-shifts in the solid-state to 458 nm for F1-(2,2)-HTPE and 437 nm for F1-(1,2)-HTPE. The fluorescence quantum yields ( ø F ) of F1-(2,2)-HTPE ( ø F =35.1 %) and F1-(1,2)-HTPE ( ø F =26.2%) were found to be higher in solution compared to the near quenching of F1-TPE ( ø F =0.1%). Consequently, this results in weaker AIE-stability of F1-(2,2)-HTPE ( α AIE =1.5) and F1-(1,2)-HTPE ( α AIE =1.9) compared to F1-TPE ( α AIE =125), suggesting that four phenyl groups are necessary for efficient AIE-activity of these fluorene bridged arylene vinylene type materials. In addition, decreasing the steric hindrance around the arylene vinylene moiety by removal of a phenyl ring is another method to decrease the AIE characteristics, in a similar manner to the commonly known "phenyl-locking". Non-polar triphenylethenes are poorer AIE materials than their tetraphenylethene analogues. Replacing the hydrogen atom of F1-(2,2)-HTPE with a cyano group affords fluorene end-capped with 2,3,3-triphenylacrylonitrile (F1-TPAN), which boosts the AIE-effect to α AIE =90.5 and red-shifts the solid-state emission ( λ em =528 nm) with near quenching in THF solution ( ø F =0.12%). X-ray crystallographic analysis of F1-TPAN indicates that the introduction of cyano groups can not only diminish the intramolecular steric hindrance in comparison of F1-TPE, but also improve the molecular cohesion ability via multiple C H···N interactions.
研究领域:
有机化学
·
材料科学
·
光学
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 11.357
Xiaolin Fan,Jilong Guo,Xiaojing Jia,Xingtai Mao,Ying Zhou,Yue Wang,Xuan Guo,Jiashu Shen,Narma Huai,Kailun Zhang,Abida Abdusalam,Hongxia Hu,Hua Zhu,Chengxia Jia,Lan Cheng,Xiqing Li,Zhaobin Zhang
Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a bisphenol A (BPA) substitute, has been increasingly used as a material in syntheses of polymers that are widely used in road markings, artificial tracks, coating floors, building paints, etc., increasing the likelihood of BHPF contamination in the aquatic environment due to its release from the products. However, to date, it is unknown whether it may have actual impacts on fish in real environments. In this study, a 105-day exposure experiment of BHPF at various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) on Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis) was performed under laboratory conditions and found decreased fecundity, such as lower egg qualities and quantities, retarded oogenesis, and atretic follicles in the fish and deformed eyes and bodies in its F1 generation. Toxico-transcriptome analyses showed that estrogen-responsive genes were significantly suppressed by BHPF, indicating that antagonist properties of BHPF on estrogen receptors might be causes for the decreased fecundity. Field investigations (Beijing) demonstrated that BHPF was detectable in 60% surface waters, with a mean concentration of 10.49 ± 6.33 ng/L, by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and similar effects in wild Chinese medaka were also observed, some of which the parameters were found to be obviously correlated with the BHPF levels in corresponding waters.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
水生生态学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Interfaces
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 15
·2202508
·
IF 5.4
Zilong Jiang,Bo Jiang,Boyin Yang,Xin Liu,Yang Yang,Chunling Zhang,Yingshuang Shang,Haibo Zhang
Nanofiller reinforcement is an effective method to prepare high thermally conductive polymer-matrix composites. However, the poor dispersion of nanofillers and high interfacial thermal resistance between the filler and matrix seriously affect the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of composites. To solve this problem, a small amount of conjugated fluorene group is introduced into the polymer chain of poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) to afford the fluorene-functionalized copolymer matrix (FD-PEEK). In an in situ polymerization procedure, the matrix non-covalently binds to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to allow highly filled PEEK/MWCNT nanocomposites. With the filler dispersion and matrix–filler interfacial bonding improved, the prepared nanocomposites possess both high thermal conductivity and tensile strength. At the optimal ratio of 2 mol% fluorene groups in the polymer chain, the nanocomposite with 10 wt% MWCNT exhibits an excellent thermal conductivity of 2.41 W m −1 K −1 , which is 868% higher than pristine PEEK, with tensile strength remaining 104.3 MPa. The PEEK/MWCNT nanocomposites can be further used as matrix resins to build double-segregated network multi-component composites, which contributes to an innovative strategy to design high-performance thermally conductive materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料
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高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 9.9
Xulong Pang,Yong Li,Xiaofu Wu,Bingmiao Zhang,Ming Hao,Yan Zhu,Yi Zhang,Chuanjiang Qin,Hongmei Zhan,Chuanli Qin
It is highly desirable to explore functionalized polymer semiconductor/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalysts with the tight interfacial connection for promoting the photogenerated electron-hole pair separation, improving the hydrophilicity , extending the visible light response and achieving the efficient visible light-driven H 2 evolution. Herein, we synthesized novel poly[9,9-bis(3-ethyl phosphate propyl)fluorene- alt -benzothiadiazole] (PPFBT) with a phosphate ester on every repeating unit by the Suzuki polymerization and then fabricated PPFBT/hydroxylated g-C 3 N 4 (PPFBT/CN-OH) heterojunctions via a surface hydroxyl-induced assembly process. The ratio-optimized 5PPFBT/CN-OH shows the hydrogen evolution activity of 2662.4 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 , an 11.1-time enhancement compared to CN-OH. The improved photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the enhanced electron-hole pair separation due to the tight interfacial connection by hydrogen bond (P=O…H-O) and N…S interactions between PPFBT and CN-OH. It is verified that abundant phosphate ester groups of PPFBT improve the hydrophilicity and form coordination bonds with platinum (P=O:Pt) as a cocatalyst to facilitate water splitting for H 2 evolution. It is also confirmed that the enhanced electron-hole pair separation is mainly dependent on the excited high-energy level electron transfer from CN-OH to PPFBT. This work provides a rational molecular design strategy for constructing efficient functionalized polymer semiconductor/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions for sunlight-driven H 2 evolution.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
光催化
·
能源材料
·
高分子科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yeyang Li,Junbin Liao,Yueyue Lu,Jiangnan Shen
Ether-free polyaromatic proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are regarded as an optimal and cost-effective substitute for perfluorosulfonic acid membranes due to their excellent oxidation resistance stability, low cost and inherent low permeability. The potential applications of the branched structure are significant in enhancing membrane processability and physical stability, but the ether-free branched sulfonated polyaryl proton exchange membrane remains to be further explored. Herein, we present the synthesis of branched sulfonated poly(isatin terphenyl fluorene) (b-SPITF-x), featuring a branched comb-like structure design incorporating sturdy backbones devoid of ether, branched monomers and flexible side chains containing sulfopropyl groups at specific locations. This branched comb-like structure endows the membrane with sufficient microphase-separated morphology and dense ion clusters, thus ensuring the optimized b-SPITF-10 PEM exhibits simultaneously high H + conductivity (>185 mS cm −1 at 80 °C) and desirable physical properties. Furthermore, the b-SPITF-10 PEMFCs obtained the maximum peak power density of 819 mW cm −2 operated at 80 °C. Moreover, during a 100-h durability test carried out at a temperature of 80 °C, this particular PEM exhibited an impressively low rate of voltage degradation, measuring only 0.743 mV h −1 . The ether-free structure and branched comb-like design offer valuable insights into the advancement of polyaromatic PEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Xingping Zhang,Bin Qiao,Yansong Li,Yu Zhou,Hualin Yang
Fluorene, a kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was harmful to human health. In this work, a multi-wavelength and multicolor immunoassay was established for detecting fluorene based on the gold nanorods (AuNRs) growth. In the target recognition, fluorene was recognized by monoclonal antibody (McAb) through a competitive immune response. Then, the alkaline phosphatase-labeled Goat anti-Mouse IgG (ALP-IgG) as secondary antibody was used to combine with McAb. In signal output, ALP-IgG was used to catalyze 4-aminophenylphosphate to 4-aminophenol which can reduce Ag(I) to Ag(0). Then, the Ag(0) can deposit on the surface of AuNRs to cause the AuNRs growth. Along with the AuNRs growth, the absorption wavelength of the AuNRs was blue shifted and the color changed accordingly. The linear range of this immunoassay for fluorene was 0.063–4.000 ng/mL with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.035 ng/mL. This immunoassay had excellent selectivity for fluorene according to the fact that it can distinguish fluorene among 16 PAHs. Meanwhile, this proposed immunoassay had a potential to detect fluorene in different water samples with satisfactory recovery rates (83 %–96 %).
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
·
生物技术
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Yinuo Yao,Xinyi Wu,Jian Zhao,Xu Zhang,Fajia Geng,Zhou Huang,Yi Li,Xiaohui Xiong,Yuanyuan Liu
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered major environmental pollutants and are known to pose serious threats to both ecosystems and human health. Immunoassay techniques have been identified as highly promising tools for the rapid detection of PAHs. These techniques rely on the specific antigen–antibody recognition, where the selectivity and sensitivity of the assay are primarily determined by antibody performance, which is, in turn, influenced by the design and properties of the hapten and artificial antigen. In this work, two fluorene-specific haptens were synthesized, (Hapten 1: 4-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, and Hapten 2: 6-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-6-oxohexanoic acid), and their structures were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The stability of hapten 1′s structure is conferred by O–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding and weak intermolecular forces. The stability of hapten 2′s structure is achieved through O-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonding, along with weak intermolecular forces. Hirshfeld surface analysis quantified the patterns of intermolecular interactions. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level analyzed the frontier orbitals, ADCH charges, molecular electrostatic potentials, and natural bond orbitals of the haptens. The HOMO-LUMO gaps of haptens 1 and 2 were calculated as 4.278 eV and 4.311 eV, respectively. These HOMO-LUMO gaps suggest the target molecules' appropriate softness and reactivity. Molecular docking studies showed high binding affinity between the target haptens and carrier proteins. Hapten 1 demonstrated a docking score of -7.56 kcal/mol with BSA, and -7.04 kcal/mol with OVA. Hapten 2 demonstrated a docking score of -8.37 kcal/mol with BSA, and -6.56 kcal/mol with KLH. The results of molecular dynamics simulation show that the BSA-Hapten 1, BSA-Hapten 2, OVA-Hapten 1, and KLH-Hapten 2 complex systems are stably bound and the complexes have good hydrogen bonding. Immunogens were successfully prepared by conjugating haptens 1 and 2 with BSA, achieving coupling rates of 16.1 and 13.8, respectively. Hapten 1 was conjugated to OVA with a conjugation ratio of 11.4. Hapten 2 was conjugated with KLH, preparing the coated antigen. This research delivers comprehensively characterized fluorene haptens, establishing a robust foundation for the future development of sensitive and specific immunodetection methods targeting fluorene.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生物化学
·
免疫学
·
分析化学
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 47
·41453-41464
·
IF 3.289
Liuhong Li,Xi Yue,Wenjun Wu,Wuxin Yan,Mingjian Zeng,You Zhou,Shijun Liao,Xiuhua Li
In this study, we constructed a series of multi-block copolymer ionomers with fluorene-containing hydrophilic segments densely functionalized by side-chain quaternary ammonium groups as anion exchange membranes. These ionomers were synthesized via pre-polycondensation, block co-polycondensation, bromination, quaternization and alkalization. The sequential hydrophilic/hydrophobic structures were achieved by the co-polycondensation of precursor oligomers. Quaternary ammonium groups of high local density were successively introduced to the side chains of the fluorene-containing hydrophilic blocks by the following functionalization processes. Based on the well-controlled chemical structures, the multi-block copolymer ionomers membranes show well-defined hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separations. The well-connected, broad ionic nano-channels with Bragg spacings of approximately 37.85 nm, which were confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), enhance the performances of the AEMs. The obtained multi-block AEMs show good dimensional stability. And these membranes have rather high ionic conductivity (23.0–85.0 mS cm−1, 80 °C) considering their relatively low IECm values (0.81–1.28 meq. g−1). Moreover, the membranes have adequate mechanical properties and good thermal properties. QMPAES-X7Y17, X5Y13 and X5Y17 with IECm values below 1.0 meq. g−1 lose only 20% of their original values after 600 h alkaline stability test. These results are promising as anion exchange membranes of alkaline fuel cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
能源科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 36
·期 8
·970-978
·
IF 2.016
Meng Xiang-Li,Yu Gen-Hua,Ma Jian
Novel poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone)s (PAESK) were synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), 9,9′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (BHPF), 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (DCS) and 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone (DFB) via nucleophilic substitution polymerization, which were subsequently used to fabricate ultrafiltration membrane by phase-inversion method for high temperature condensed water treatment. The obtained high molecular weight co-polymers with fluorene group with good solubility and good thermal stability, can be easily cast into flexible, white and non-transparent flat films. The influence of molar ratio of BPA and BHPF on the properties of the prepared co-polymers and membranes was investigated in detail. SEM study of the morphology of the membranes indicated that the prepared membranes possessed homogeneous pores on the top surface and were sponge-like or finger-like in cross-section. Pure water flux of the membranes increased from 71.87 L·m −2 ·h −1 to 247.65 L·m −2 ·h −1 , while the retention of BSA decreased slightly, and the water contact angle decreased from 82.1° to 55.6° with the PVP concentration from 0 wt% to 10 wt%. With increasing concentration of PVP, the mechanical properties of membranes decreased, while the thermal stability increased. The permeate flux measurement showed that the PAESK membrane had the potential for high temperature condensed water treatment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）