LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 6
Yaojin Ge,Xiaofeng Fang,Yun Zhang,Shengfeng Peng,Suyun Lin,Lei Zhou,David Julian McClements,Wei Liu
Thymol forms eutectic solvents with lauric acid under appropriate mixing ratios. These eutectic solvents were shown to have a lower melting point, weaker irritatibility, and stronger antibacterial activity than pure thymol. However, the application of these eutectic solvents is currently limited by their poor water solubility and chemical instability. For this reason, thymol/lauric acid eutectic solvents were loaded into casein nanoparticles (ThyLA-NPs) to improve their solubility and stability characteristics. The physicochemical stability, antibacterial activity, and potential application for meat (pork) preservation of the ThyLA-NPs was then compared to that of thymol casein nanoparticles (Thy-NPs). The results showed that ThyLA-NPs exhibited long-term sustained release, better thermal stability, and better storage stability due to the higher hydrophobicity of the eutectic solvents. Moreover, the ThyLA-NPs showed higher antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes . The pork preservation study indicated that the ThyLA-NPs were more efficient at inhibiting microbial growth and lipid antioxidation than the Thy-NPs, which extended the shelf life of the pork. These results may promote the application of thymol in the food industry to control food safety and quality.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
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IF 8.2
Xing Wu,Jingya Zhou,Zeng Liu,Jia Liu,Shu He,Wei Shao
The research and development trend of food packaging is changing from synthetic polymers to eco-friendly materials such as polysaccharides and other hydrocolloids , aiming to solve the problem of pollution from plastic wastes. In this work, a biodegradable food packaging noted KC/PT film was constructed using konjac glucomannan (KGM)/carrageenan (CAR) composite as the matrix and peppermint essential oil (PO)/thymol (THY) with synergistic effect as the reinforcements. The KC/PT film showed great mechanical properties, UV-blocking activity, increased water contact angle and reduced water vapor permeability. Due to the synergistic effect between PO and THY, the KC/PT film showed excellent antioxidant performance and antibacterial behavior against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The antibacterial mechanism was further illustrated. The prepared KC/PT film, as a unique packaging film, not only successfully extended the shelf life of strawberry to 16 days at 4 °C, but also well expressed its environmental friendliness that it could nearly degrade after 47 days in natural soil conditions. Most importantly, the film exhibited good stability in terms of mechanical properties, antioxidant activity and antibacterial performances after 4 months storage. Therefore, the film the KC/PT film has great potentials in the field of food packaging area.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
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2024
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IF 4.8
Sixuan Li,Chenglin Du,Mengge Zhai,Jie Sheng,Yishan Song
A new antibacterial film, Thy-HMSS/zein film, was prepared from hollow mesoporous silicon spheres loaded with thymol (Thy-HMSS) by ultrasonic optimization casting method (150 W power ultrasonic treatment solution for 3 min). To further enhance the film quality, a composite film, Thy-HMSS/Zein-gelatin film (Thy-HMSS/ZG film), was created by incorporating gelatin into zein. Compared to film containing the same amount of Thy, the effective protection and slow-release effect of HMSS on Thy resulted in a lower release rate of Thy in Thy-HMSS/zein films in the first 2 h, while the total amount of Thy released increased by 10 %. The appearance and structure of the films were optimized by ultrasonic treatment, which reduced the surface bubbles, cross section pores and particle agglomeration. The addition of gelatin enhanced the antibacterial effect of the film, the inhibition zone diameters of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus can be increased by up to 123.53 % and 159.37 %, respectively. Both Thy-HMSS/zein film and Thy-HMSS/ZG film showed no toxicity in cytotoxicity tests and exhibited good anti-corrosion ability when applied to blueberry preservation. Therefore, the combination of HMSS encapsulation with ultrasonic treatment and gelatin addition represents a suitable and straightforward approach for producing excellent antimicrobial films with superior appearance, structure, and antibacterial properties. This method holds significant potential in the food industry for producing sustainable active packaging materials while also offering new avenues for employing various techniques in films preparation.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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生物技术
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化学工程
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高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2016
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IF 1.207
Liang Wang,Anqi Liu,Zhaohui Zhang,Bin Zhao,Yingming Xia,Yun Tan
In this work, a novel catalyst of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @Yb 2 O 3 was prepared and the degradation of thymol in reverse osmosis concentrate using ozonation was explored. The operational parameters, such as ozone dosage (8–48 mg·min − 1 ), initial thymol concentration (20–100 mg·L − 1 ), initial pH value (3–11), and catalyst Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @Yb 2 O 3 dosage (0.2–1.0 g), were studied focusing on the thymol degradation and COD removal. The results indicated that the increase in ozone dosage, initial pH value, and Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @Yb 2 O 3 dosage accelerated the thymol degradation and COD removal, while the increase in initial thymol concentration hampered the effect of ozonation. A pathway of thymol degradation by catalytic ozonation was proposed based on the intermediates detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and ion chromatography . This paper can provide basic data and technical alternative for pollutant removal from reverse osmosis concentrate by ozonation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
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2025
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IF 12.4
Qi Chen,Dianpeng Han,Xiaoyu Qu,Wen Zhang,Yuan Peng,Shuang Li,Kang Qin,Shuyue Ren,Yu Wang,Huanying Zhou,Pei Zhao,Zijian Wu,Zhixian Gao
Given the growing alarms about food safety hazards and the pollution caused by plastic packaging, biodegradable active packaging materials have garnered considerable attention in research circles. In this study, polysaccharide-based metal–organic frameworks were used to produce a composite packaging film as a non-polluting, biodegradable, and active food packaging material with sustained antimicrobial activity. More specifically, chitosan–proanthocyanidin (CS-PA) affixes were prepared by appending proanthocyanidins onto chitosan via free-radical grafting. ZIF-8 nanoparticles loaded with thymol (denoted as Thy@ZIF-8) were then incorporated into the network architecture of the CS-PA matrix. By utilizing intermolecular hydrogen bonds and Zn 2+ ligand interactions, a novel active packaging film was designed. The CS-PA/Thy@ZIF-8 composite film exhibited good microstructural and physicochemical properties. Significantly, the integration of Thy@ZIF-8 within the CS-PA matrix remarkably enhanced the UV-blocking capacity of the composite film and increased its elongation at break. Furthermore, it augmented the water resistance attributes of the film, decreased its water vapor transmission rate, and increased its thermal stability. The slow release of Thy endowed the CS-PA/Thy@ZIF-8 composite film with an excellent antioxidant activity, along with long-lasting antimicrobial performances against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Moreover, preservation tests showed that the CS-PA/Thy@ZIF-8 film slowed the spoilage of strawberries by inhibiting bacterial growth, extending the shelf life by 50% at 25 °C. A comparable freshness preservation effect was also observed in cherry tomatoes. These results demonstrate that the CS-PA/Thy@ZIF-8 film exhibits good application prospects as a novel biodegradable active packaging material for food preservation.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 8.5
Shengjie Ye,Jianye Chen,Sen Cao,Donglan Luo,Liangjie Ba
In this study, we evaluated the potential for exogenous thymol to slow this decline by measuring the effects of thymol application on cell wall, energy, and membrane lipid metabolism. The results showed that thymol application improved the preservation of the total soluble solids, titratable acidity, decay rate, and anthocyanin content, and effectively inhibited the accumulation of O 2 ·- , H 2 O 2 , and malondialdehyde in blueberries during storage. Thymol application also effectively maintained fruit firmness, cell wall structure, and energy levels, while delaying the degradation of membrane phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids during the storage of post-harvest blueberries. Therefore, exogenous thymol can maintain the quality of blueberry fruits by regulating energy and membrane lipid metabolism and reducing cell wall degradation. Thus, thymol-treatment could be a suitable biocontrol agent for maintaining blueberry quality and extending blueberry fruit storage life.
研究领域:
农业科学
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食品科学
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植物生理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2020
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IF 4.006
Ting Liu,Jiamu Kang,Liu Liu
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notoriously difficult pathogen to control with antibiotics and disinfectants. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (TEO) and thymol are useful for replacing synthetic bacteriostatic agents due to their broad-spectrum bactericidal properties. This study focuses on understanding the inhibitory effects of TEO and its major component against P. aeruginosa , and exploring the antibacterial mechanism from the perspectives of cell membrane destruction, DNA intercalation and biofilm prevention. Results indicate that thymol is the principal component in TEO, as confirmed by GC-MS analysis. TEO and thymol potently combat the planktonic P. aeruginosa and directly change the cell structure. P. aeruginosa cell membrane integrity is destroyed as evidenced by an increase in permeability of the inner and outer membranes and the leakage of intracellular biological macromolecules (DNA). Our study further confirms that the accumulation of intracellular ROS caused by TEO and thymol can result in oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage. Thymol intercalates in the P. aeruginosa genomic DNA to affect the normal function of DNA and even cause bacterial death. Moreover, TEO and thymol affect the biofilm formation and limit the bacterial swimming and swarming motilities. This study provides a potential approach for the development and utilization of natural essential oils and bioactive compunds as novel food additives in the food processing.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
MEAT SCIENCE
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2021
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IF 5.209
Lei Wang,Ting Liu,Liu Liu,Yongfeng Liu,Xiaoxia Wu
This study aimed to investigate the effects of antibacterial substances embedded in nanoemulsions on the volatile compounds and the bacterial community composition of refrigerated pork stored at 4 °C for 12 days, and to evaluate the relationship between volatile components and bacterial diversity of refrigerated pork. As compared to the control (CK) group, the treatment groups (thyme essential oil chitosan nanoemulsions (TEO-CS), thymol chitosan nanoemulsions (T-CS) and chitosan nanoemulsions (CS)) showed lower TVB-N values, pH values, TBARs values and better protective against color degradation. The E -nose and GC–MS evaluation indicated that compounds causing unpleasant odors could be inhibited in the T-CS and TEO-CS groups. In addition, high-throughput sequencing showed that Pseudomonas (18.3%), Lactococcus (27.0%) and Acinetobacter (38.8%) were predominant genera of refrigerated pork in the early storage period. At day 12, Pseudomonas (84.3%) increased rapidly in the CK group and became the main microbiota. By contrast, both coatings changed the microbial composition, reduced the proportion of spoilage organisms and retained bacterial diversity. Therefore, chitosan nanoemulsions with antibacterial substance could be considered as an effective supplementary and method to improve the preservation effect of fresh pork, which provides a solution to against conventional packaging and extend the shelf-life of meat.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
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2022
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IF 5.135
Min Li,Xueqin Wu,Jixing Zou,Yingqian Lai,Jiawen Zhang,Xiumei Chen,Xiaotian Niu,Yidi Kong,Guiqin Wang
This study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of thymol-supplemented diets on the toxicity damage of Channa argus induced by deltamethrin (DEL). After 28 d, the results are as follows: thymol can attenuate DEL-induced oxidative stress by reversing the decrease of the activities of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT , GSH , GST and GSH-Px) and the increase of the MDA content in the tissues (liver and spleen), and also by reversing the decrease of the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Cu/Zn SOD and HO-1, and the increase of the Keap1 mRNA expression level in the tissues (liver and spleen). Thymol can attenuate DEL-induced immunotoxicity of fish by reverse the decrease of the levels of humoral immune parameters (C4, C3, IgM and LYS) in the serum, and by reversing the increase of the expression levels of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6, and the decrease of the IL-10 expression level in the tissues (liver and spleen). Thymol can attenuate DEL-caused apoptosis reversing the increase of the expression levels of pro-apoptosis (p53, Bax and Apaf-1) and the decrease of the expression level of anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 in the tissues (liver and spleen). Therefore, this study reveals that dietary supplementation of thymol alleviates DEL-caused immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of C. argus in association with the NF-κB/Nrf2/p53 pathway.
研究领域:
水产养殖
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毒理学
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免疫学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Xinran Yin,Dan Zhu,Xinyan Zhang,Ruiwen Cheng,Haonan Ren,Yanan Sun,Demei Meng,Weina Li,Fansheng Cheng
Electrospun CS/PVA films with THY/TBZ@HPβCD ICs enabled humidity-gated preservation. • Synchronized dual-release of THY/TBZ at 93% RH via non-Fickian transport. • Films exhibited 94.2% ABTS scavenging and synergistic antibacterial efficacy. • Shiitake browning index dropped from 74.4% to 43.2% with minimal weight loss. • Humidity-triggered release suppresses PPO melanization. The intense postharvest respiration of edible fungi rapidly establishes a near-saturated humidity microenvironment that accelerates microbial spoilage and PPO-associated browning. To harness this detrimental moisture as an intrinsic trigger, we developed a humidity-gated electrospun nanofibrous film by co-loading two individually prepared inclusion complexes (THY@HPβCD and TBZ@HPβCD) into a chitosan/ poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) matrix (TTIC-CP). The film exhibited enhanced wettability and robust physicochemical properties, enabling relative humidity (RH)-triggered synchronized co-release of both actives. Under 93% RH, cumulative release reached 88.07% (THY) and 87.30% (TBZ), and kinetic fitting indicated non-Fickian transport governed by coupled diffusion and matrix relaxation/erosion. Checkerboard assays further confirmed THY-TBZ synergy against E. coli , S. aureus and P. tolaasii with minimum FICI values of 0.50, 0.38 and 0.50. Accordingly, 8TTIC-CP delivered strong antioxidant activity (94.17% ABTS scavenging efficiency at 650 s) and effective antibacterial protection (75.63% inhibition against P. tolaasii ). In shiitake packaging, 8TTIC-CP markedly delayed browning and quality loss, reducing the browning index from 74.37% (control) to 43.17% and lowering weight loss to 4.77%, while alleviating oxidative and enzymatic browning responses. Comparable preservation efficacy was also confirmed in Oudemansiella raphanipes and Stropharia rugosoannulata . This work provides a practical humidity-gated dual-active packaging strategy for high-respiration edible fungi and related fresh produce. Download: Download high-res image (129KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
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2016
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IF 5.083
Lang-Hong Wang,Man-Sheng Wang,Xin-An Zeng,De-Ming Gong,Yan-Bo Huang
Background Some antibacterial agents exert their antimicrobial action by targeting the cytoplasmic macromolecules , such as proteins or nucleic acids , to disturb the properties of macromolecules that may deeply influence their biological activities and functions. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is a natural antibacterial ingredient found in the bark and leaves of cinnamon trees . Methods The inhibitory mechanism of a typical enzyme , β-galactosidase by CIN was investigated by UV–visible, fluorescence, 3-D spectroscopy, circular dichroism , atomic force microscopy and molecular modeling studies. Results CIN decreased the activity of β-galactosidase by competitive inhibition through a multiphase kinetic process. 3-D spectroscopy and circular dichroism showed that the binding of CIN to β-galactosidase resulted in changes in micro-environment of tryptophan and tyrosine residues, and conformation of β-galactosidase. The molecular recognition was also analyzed through modeling which indicated that CIN was inserted into the active site pocket of β-galactosidase and interacted with amino acid residues, such as Met502, Trp568, Phe601 and Trp999. Atomic force microscopy showed that a serious destabilization of the native conformation of β-galactosidase occurred after binding with CIN, e.g., morphological changes and increased dimensions of the β-galactosidase molecule. Moreover, it was found that the combinations of CIN, carvacrol and thymol exposure displayed synergistic effects on the inhibition of β-galactosidase. General significance This study exhibits a comprehensively understanding about the action mechanism of CIN that affects the conformation and activity of β-galactosidase in biochemical processes and provides some new insights into the possible intracellular targeting behaviors of CIN at a molecular level.
研究领域:
生物化学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 13.2
Zhongkai Zhou,Lijun Li,Beisiyu He,Qiang Guo,Ying Zhu,Siyuan Liu
Plastic pollution and postharvest food loss have intensified the demand for high-performance biodegradable packaging, yet regenerated cellulose films are limited by a porous Cellulose II architecture and high moisture sensitivity. Here, a robust all-biomass film is developed by incorporating thymol into a bamboo-derived cellulose matrix via solvent-induced phase inversion. During solvent exchange, thymol crystallizes in situ and fills the inherent micropores, stabilized by interfacial hydrogen bonding, transforming the porous network into a dense, high-barrier interface. This pore-filling selectively suppresses the polar surface-energy component, raising the water contact angle from 43° to 68° (61° for the optimized CT-0.3) and lowering the water vapor permeability by around 53%, thereby resolving the trade-off between breathability and moisture barrier without sacrificing mechanical integrity (tensile strength around 46 MPa at around 12 μm). Molecular dynamics simulations show thymol to be dynamically anchored, undergoing humidity-dependent, chain-selective redistribution without bulk desorption. The optimized film exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , reducing viable bacteria by around 60–90%, with sustained, near-zero-order thymol release. Applied to strawberries and bananas, it inhibits weight loss and delays senescence, extending shelf life to seven days (over double the pristine-cellulose control), offering a promising platform for all-biomass active packaging.
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）