CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA
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2026
·
IF 2.5
Khan Khyrullah,Wang Wei,Tian Hongkai,Chang Zhidong,Dong Bin,Ghebretatios Natnael,Rasheed Kiran,Otota Benard
The aggregation of TiO 2 precursors affects the structural evolution and catalytic performance of sulfated titania, highlighting a relationship between microscale and macroscale reactivity. In the present work, the sulfated titania (TiO 2 /SO 4 2− ) solid acid catalysts were synthesized through the impregnation approach using two different precursors, pre-aggregated TiO 2 (microscale) and molecular-scale Ti(OH) 4 . The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD). Their catalytic activity was tested in the transesterification reaction of ethyl acetate with n-butanol. The TiO 2 /SO 4 2− derived from Ti(OH) 4 precursor exhibited a single-phase anatase structure with (92%) higher specific surface area (63.85 m 2 g − 1 vs. 33.38 m 2 g − 1 ), smaller crystallite size (8.05 nm), and higher catalytic conversion (70%) as compared to the catalyst prepared from pre-aggregated TiO 2 . These differences are attributed to variations in precursor aggregation, which influence crystallite growth, sulfate dispersion, and surface area acidity, thereby enhancing catalytic performance during transesterification. The present work establishes a link between TiO 2 precursor aggregation and the catalytic activity of TiO 2 /SO 4 2− . The results demonstrate that the aggregation state of the TiO 2 precursor inherently governs the physicochemical characteristics and catalytic behavior of sulfated titania, providing a rational basis for tailoring solid acid catalysts for esterification and transesterification reactions.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Feng Liu,Hongyu Yuan,Wenkang Zhou,Zainab Abidemi Omoniyi,Hongyu Yang,Xiaming Feng,Chaojun Wan
Epoxy vitrimer, as a class of recyclable thermosetting polymers, offers a promising combination of the thermal stability of traditional thermosets and the recyclability of thermoplastics. However, epoxy vitrimers still exhibit insufficient flame retardancy, limiting their application in fire-sensitive environments. Although various strategies have been proposed to improve their flame resistance, the effect of catalysts on the flame retardancy of epoxy vitrimers remains unexplored. This study investigates the impact of trace amounts of catalysts on the properties of epoxy vitrimers. Epoxy vitrimers were synthesized using (2-carboxyethyl)phenylphosphinic acid (CEPPA) as the epoxy curing agent, with 0.34 wt % of different catalysts (1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), zinc acetylacetonate (Zn(acac)2), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)) incorporated. Compared to the catalyst-free epoxy vitrimer, Zn(acac)2 significantly improved recyclability, increasing the recovery efficiency from 57.9% to 103%, while DBU provided the most notable enhancement in flame retardancy, raising the limiting oxygen index from 27.5% to 34%, reducing the average CO yield by 33.9% and total heat release (THR) by 42.9%. This study demonstrates that trace catalysts can simultaneously enhance the flame retardancy and recyclability.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 3.1
Jiehao Qu,Jicheng Li,Guang Yang,Nianzhao Gao,Xiangdong Liu
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) possesses high optical transparency but suffers from insufficient mechanical strength. Most toughening methods compromise optical clarity, processability, or industrial scalability. Herein, we present a scalable toughening strategy based on copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), combined with transesterification between their units. The resulting random MMA-co-HEMA copolymers retain excellent visible-light transmittance (above 90.0%, 5 mm) while achieving remarkable mechanical enhancements, including increases of 74% in tensile strength and 22% in impact strength compared with linear PMMA. Further studies reveal that the transesterification between HEMA and MMA units induces a lightly cross-linked network. This approach not only offers advantages in simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with industrial processes such as casting molding, but also effectively prevents uncontrollable autoacceleration during bulk polymerization. These findings provide new insights for the designing of high-performance optical thermoplastics with promising potential in structural optical applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POROUS MATERIALS
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2019
·Vol. 26
·期 5
·1435-1445
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IF 1.947
Yang Lijuan,Yuan Hong,Wang Siyu
Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) was prepared via the inverse replication method using SBA-15 as a hard template and sucrose as a carbon precursor. OMC was sulfonated to obtain the solid acid catalysts, such as OMC-SS and OMC-DS, by heating with sulfuric acid or coupling with sulfanilic acid diazonium. TEM and small-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that OMC, OMC-SS, and OMC-DS exhibited ordered porous structures. XPS and Raman analysis showed that OMC had graphite structure. N 2 -BET analysis indicated that OMC, OMC-SS, and OMC-DS had average pore diameters of 3.0–3.3 nm and exhibited bimodal mesopore size distributions. Moreover, N 2 -BET analysis revealed that OMC, OMC-SS, and OMC-DS had surface areas of 1411, 924 and 1001 m 2 /g, respectively. The surface acid contents of OMC-SS and OMC-DS were 3.9–4.0 mmol H + / g and higher than those of OCM (2.8 mmol H + /g). FTIR results demonstrated that –SO 3 H was present on OMC-SS and OMC-DS. OMC-SS and OMC-DS were used to catalyze the transesterification and epoxidation of waste frying oil. The transesterification reactions catalyzed using OMC-SS and OMC-DS provided the maximum yields of fatty acid methyl esters of 90.3 ± 3.3% and 89.0 ± 2.1%, respectively. The double-bond conversion rates of epoxidation reactions catalyzed using OMC-SS and OMC-DS reached 77.2 ± 1.9% and 68.5 ± 2.6%, respectively. The epoxy yields of epoxidation reactions catalyzed using OMC-SS and OMC-DS were 70.3 ± 2.4% and 65.1 ± 1.8%, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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催化化学
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2016
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IF 3.449
Ying-Zhi Han,Li Hong,Xi-Qing Wang,Ju-Zhao Liu,Jiao Jiao,Meng Luo,Yu-Jie Fu
In order to efficiently catalyze the transesterification of highly-acidic tree born oil (TBO) to produce biodiesel the magnetic cellulose microsphere (MCM) supported H 3 PW 12 O 40 (MCM-HPW) catalyst was designed and prepared successfully, and it was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the MCM-HPW was used for transesterification of highly-acidic Pistacia chinensis seed oil to biodiesel for the first time. A high conversion yield (93.1%) of fatty acid methyl esters was obtained under the optimal conditions of catalyst amount 15 wt.%, methanol/oil ratio 10:1 (v:v), temperature 60 °C and reaction time 80 min. The catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under a magnetic field, and efficiently reused for at least four cycles. Thus, the prepared MCM-HPW catalyst possessed the potential of green and economic biodiesel production from highly-acidic TBO.
研究领域:
生物能源
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催化化学
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可再生能源
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绿色化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Oleo Science
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2020
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IF 1.304
Zhihao Wang,Ying Chen,Jiahe Zhao,Guoliang Gao,Worawan Panpipat,Ling-Zhi Cheong,Cai Shen
Present study has successfully synthesized melamine-based covalent organic polymers (MCOPs) and applied it as lipase carrier for recyclable esters hydrolysis and transesterification. The synthesized MCOPs are composed of dense nanosheet structures having a thickness of 3.5 nm. Three immobilization methods namely physical adsorption, cross-linking and carrier activation were employed to prepare the MCOPs-immobilized CRL. Cross-linked MCOPs-immobilized CRL (41.30 mg protein/g MCOPs) and carrier activated MCOPs-immobilized CRL (33.20 mg protein/g MCOPs) had higher enzyme loading as compared to physical absorb MCOPs-immobilized CRL (29.30 mg protein/g MCOPs). Nevertheless, physical absorb MCOPs-immobilized CRL demonstrated the highest esters hydrolysis (49.85 U) and transesterification (1.04 U) activities. Despite having the highest enzymatic activity, physical absorb MCOPs-immobilized CRL were not able to maintain its catalytic stability with more than 30% decreased in enzymatic activity during consecutive hydrolysis and transesterification activities. Meanwhile, cross-linked MCOPs-immobilized CRL demonstrated highest catalytic stability with highest enzymatic activities at the end of consecutive reactions. All the MCOPs-immobilized CRL can be easily recovered and reused through centrifugation with more than 85% of recovery rate.
研究领域:
生物化学
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材料科学
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酶工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2021
·
IF 5.645
Sansan Bao,Chen Shen,Xiaodan Wu,Jingsong Cao,Chunjian Zhao,Wei Wang,Liping Yao,Xiqing Wang,Yujie Fu
An active and recyclable magnetic biobased heteropolyacid catalyst (HPW-MCMs) was prepared for the high yield of transesterification of Pistacia chinensis seed oil (PCO). The magnetic cellulose microspheres (MCMs) were used as the supporter, and the phosphotungstic acid (HPW) was synthesized in surface and micropores via in-situ reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and diffraction of X-ray (XRD) were fully used to characterize the catalyst. Furthermore, the conditions of 600 W of microwave power, 65 °C of temperature, 6 wt. % of catalyst amount, 8 of methanol/oil ratio and 30 min of reaction time were selected as the optimal conditions. Under the conditions, a high conversion of 96.6 % could be obtained. The HPW-MCMs could also be recovered conveniently and efficiently recycled for six cycles. Therefore, the prepared HPW-MCMs would be potentially useful for the efficient and economic transesterification reaction of PCO.
研究领域:
化学工程
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可再生资源利用
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 14
·9347-9352
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IF 3.9
Yu-Fen Bao,Yi-Jie Wang,Yu-Chen Wang,Ding-Hua Liu
In the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) by transesterification, CH3ONa has been commonly applied as a homogeneous catalyst due to its high catalytic activity, but its stability is unsatisfactory. Here, by studying the influence of ionic liquid base strength on transesterification, we prepared an organic base catalyst, potassium imidazole (KIm), with high catalytic activity and stability, which solved the problem of catalyst deactivation in transesterification. The results showed that when KIm was used in the synthesis of DMC from propylene carbonate (PC) and methanol (MeOH), the chemical equilibrium could be reached within 3 minutes and the yield of DMC reached 73.03%, indicating that KIm performed better in transesterification than the majority of previously reported catalysts. In addition, the activity of the catalyst had hardly decreased after ten cycles of reaction, which can well meet the requirements of industrial production.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2021
·
IF 8.001
Dongming Li,Wenping Feng,Chao Chen,Shangxing Chen,Guorong Fan,Shengliang Liao,Guoqiang Wu,Zongde Wang
An effective approach for synthesizing green and sustainable biodiesel fuel from low-value vegetable oils has been explored. Herein, a series of catalysts of zinc supported on zirconia ( x Zn/ZrO 2 ) were successfully synthesized, characterized, and applied for the production of biodiesel from Litsea cubeba kernel oil (LCKO) through the transesterification process. The results showed that the monoclinic phase structure of the prepared catalysts transformed to the more stable tetragonal phase structure after supporting different Zn loadings (≥5%). Compared with the pure ZrO 2 , the highly dispersed Zn species on the surface of x Zn/ZrO 2 could be divided into Zn oxide and ZnOH + , which could promote the transesterification of LCKO. Thus, the 7%Zn/ZrO 2 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity of the LCKO conversion 82.5%, which was attributed to the positive effects of both the ZrO 2 support and Zn species. Furthermore, the various reaction parameters (such as reaction time, stirring rate, n CH3OH :n LCKO , catalyst amount, and reaction temperature) were investigated systematically and optimized carefully. And a possible mechanism of the transesterification process catalyzed by Zn/ZrO 2 catalysts was also proposed. Finally, the physical properties of the as-synthesized biodiesel accorded with the current international biodiesel standards.
研究领域:
化学工程
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可再生能源
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催化科学
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高影响因子
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2017
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IF 2.892
Shangde Sun,Bingxue Hu
Caffeoyl structured lipids (CSLs), including hydrophilic glyceryl caffeates (GCs) and lipophilic caffeoylated acylglycerols (CAGs), are novel derivatives of caffeic acid. In the work, CSLs were successfully synthesized by enzymatic transesterification using different monoacylglycerols as caffeoyl acceptors. The effect of monoacylglycerols on reaction selectivities (for hydrophilic GCs and lipophilic CAGs) was compared. The thermodynamics, kinetic analyses, and reaction mechanism of the transesterification were also evaluated. The apparent activation energies for the transesterification, GCs and CAGs formation were 23.10, 12.03, 28.32 kJ/mol for monooleate, and 25.85, 19.19, 32.02 kJ/mol for monostearate, respectively. The values of V max , K m ' and K IA for the reaction using monooleate as caffeoyl acceptors were 1.19 × 10 −3 mol/(L min), 0.82 mol/L, and 2.31 mol/L, respectively. High ethyl caffeate conversion and CSLs yields (98.2 ± 1.8%, 94.7 ± 2.8% for monooleate; and 96.8 ± 2.3%, 93.9 ± 2.7% for monostearate) were achieved under the optimized conditions.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
·
2016
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IF 2.525
Jinbei Yang,Yaoyao Feng,Ting Zeng,Xiaoting Guo,Ling Li,Ruoyu Hong,Ting Qiu
Two new Brönsted acidic ionic liquids were prepared and characterized by NMR and FTIR. Their catalytic activities for the synthesis of biodiesel fuel via transesterification of tung oil with methanol were evaluated and compared to that of two imidazole-based ionic liquids for the first time. Among them, [Ps-N-Ch(Me) 2 ][p-TSA] exhibited the highest catalytic activity and was chosen as catalyst for further research. A study on optimizing the reaction conditions was performed by orthogonal experiment based on the single factor experiment. It was found that the ranking of the significance of factors on the biodiesel yield is as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil > reaction temperature > reaction time > catalyst dosage. The maximum biodiesel yield reaches 98.98% under the optimal reaction conditions at a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 21:1, a reaction temperature of 120 °C, a reaction time of 2 h and a catalyst dosage of 5.0 wt.%. Moreover, the reusability experiment exhibits that the catalyst can be reused five times with negligible loss of the activity. The refined biodiesel meets the biodiesel standard ASTM D6751-07, which can be used as fuel in diesel engines.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
可再生能源
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2022
·
IF 4.855
Muhammad A. Rashid,Siyao Zhu,Qiuran Jiang,Liying Zhang,Yi Wei,Wanshuang Liu
The development of recyclable thermosets with high performance from renewable resources is highly desirable from the concerns of environmental and resource economics. Here, a full biobased carboxyl-containing epoxy hardener (CF-quercetin) was prepared from quercetin and succinic anhydride (starch/sugar derivative) through a mild one-step reaction. The epoxy resin cured by CF-quercetin shows tensile strength (92 MPa) comparable with commercial counterparts and high storage modulus (3800 MPa) at room temperature. Owing to the high content of dynamic ester bonds in the epoxy networks, the cured epoxy resin can be repeatedly reprocessed like thermoplastics, and 91% recovery of tensile strength from the first reprocessing cycle can be achieved. Meanwhile, the glass-transition temperature and thermal stability of the reprocessed epoxy resin remain almost constant compared with the original epoxy resin. Furthermore, the epoxy resin cured by CF-quercetin presents rapid degradation in alkali aqueous solution (NaOH, 1 M) within 6 h at room temperature, but it is fully nondegradable in acidic and neutral solutions over a period of 120 days. The cured epoxy resin also shows acceptable stability in many conventional organic solvents. Taken together, our work provides a simple method to prepare a universal quercetin-based hardener for epoxy resins with reprocessability, degradability, and high mechanical performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
绿色化学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）