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Sustainable Energy & Fuels · 2024 ·Vol. 8 ·期 4 ·826-836 · IF 5

Highly improved aqueous Zn‖LiMn2O4 hybrid-ion batteries using poly(ethylene glycol) and manganese sulfate as electrolyte additives

Jingyi Kong,Hanling Guo,Yuan Li,Min Gong,Xiang Lin,Liang Zhang,Dongrui Wang

Aqueous Zn metal batteries are a promising candidate for low-cost, safe, and sustainable energy storage systems. Nonetheless, the practical application of such batteries is still impeded by the inferior Zn anode performance and instability of the cathode. Herein, we investigate the performance of an aqueous Zn‖LiMn2O4 (Zn‖LMO) hybrid battery with a bi-salt (ZnSO4 and Li2SO4) electrolyte modified with a low dosage of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG200) and MnSO4. The PEG additive effectively inhibits water decomposition, mitigates Zn metal corrosion, and promotes the in-plane growth of hexagonal Zn flakes. As a result, the reversibility of Zn plating/stripping and the long-term cyclability of the Zn‖LMO hybrid battery can be substantially enhanced in the modified electrolyte. Specifically, in our optimized electrolyte ZL-8% PEG-0.1 Mn, the Zn‖LMO hybrid battery exhibits an initial capacity of 91.2 mA h g−1 and a capacity retention of 50% in 500 cycles at 2C, along with improved coulombic efficiency and self-discharge behavior. This dual-additive strategy can be used to design low-cost, highly reversible, safe, and long-cycling Zn–Li hybrid-ion batteries for practical applications.

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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A · 2011 ·Vol. 1218 ·期 48 ·8664-8671 · IF 4.194

Direct quantification of mono- and di-d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate by high performance liquid chromatography

L.Y. Kong,B.G. Su,Z.B. Bao,H.B. Xing,Y.W. Yang,Q.L. Ren

A simple and direct reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of mono- and di- d -α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS 1000) in TPGS mixture. Before the HPLC analysis, mono- and di-TPGS 1000 were separated by simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography system and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The mass spectrometric results confirmed that the molar mass distribution of TPGS prepared in our laboratory was very close to that of the product of Eastman Chemical Company with similar n ¯ (average polymerization degree), M n ¯ (number-average molecular weight) and M w ¯ (weight-average molecular weight). The HPLC analysis was carried out on a C30 analytical column with mobile phases comprised of acetonitrile (A) and isopropanol (B) in gradient conditions. Validation of the analytical method was done on the following parameters: system suitability, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy and precision, method robustness and solution stability. The linearity of the calibration curves for mono- and di-TPGS 1000 from both sources was found to be good ( r 2   >   0.9996). The recovery values were from 94.6% to 103.3% for mono-TPGS, and 93.5% to 103.3% for di-TPGS. This method could be successfully used in the direct quantification of mono- and di-TPGS in TPGS 1000 mixture using TPGS standards with similar molecular mass distributions although derived from different sources.

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OPTICAL MATERIALS · 2026 · IF 4.3

One-step encapsulation of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with customized polyethylene glycol for single-molecule localization microscopy imaging of cellular microstructures

Zhaoyan Yang,Yeming Qing,Kai Zhu,Kuo Yang,Shenfei Zong,Zhuyuan Wang

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as highly effective fluorophores for single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) imaging due to their remarkable blinking behavior, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and facile synthesis methods. However, the development of all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals with targeting imaging properties has been limited by their insufficient stability, which presents challenges for their application in the SMLM imaging of cellular microstructures. Herein, a straightforward approach is demonstrated by conjugating cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr 3 NCs) with streptavidin (SA) using ester-functionalized carboxyl polyethylene glycol (COOH-PEG-NHS) to achieve a core-shell composite of SA-modified CsPbBr 3 NCs (CsPbBr 3 @SA) as an immunofluorescence nanoprobe for SMLM imaging of cellular microstructures. The COOH-PEG-NHS served as a bridging agent that initially reacted with the amine groups of the SA and subsequently integrated with CsPbBr 3 NCs in a single-step process to minimize the impact of the biological modification process on the optical properties of the CsPbBr 3 @SA nanoprobe. The obtained CsPbBr 3 @SA exhibits a significant fluorescence characteristic along with the frequent blinking phenomena. Moreover, SMLM imaging of CsPbBr 3 @SA demonstrated a localization precision of approximately 3 nm and an elevenfold enhancement in spatial resolution. Furthermore, CsPbBr 3 @SA was utilized to label the nuclear lamina of the nuclear envelope via immunofluorescence technique. The improved spatial resolution suggests that CsPbBr 3 @SA is capable of facilitating SMLM imaging of the nuclear lamina. This innovative biological modification method presents significant potential for improving the biological application of all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals in SMLM.

CAS / MDL: 112-90-3 9002-93-1
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES · 2026 · IF 8.5

Injectable hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol and chitosan derivatives with wet tissue adhesion for promoting Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment healing

Shuai Sheng,Muhammad Arif,Xiaofei Yu,Jianli Ma,Hangyu Liu,Qian Weng,Rongyu Gao,Xiaomin Zhang,Guotai Li,Qihui Zhou,Peng Wu

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious ocular emergency with a significant risk of blindness. A critical treatment objective for RRD is the sealing of retinal breaks. Retinal sealants offer a promising alternative to conventional surgery by effectively closing these breaks and potentially reducing complications. However, current sealants, such as fibrin glue, cyanoacrylate, and polyethylene glycol derivatives, suffer from limitations including weak adhesion, intraocular toxicity, and difficulty with intraocular administration, preventing their widespread use. This article reports on an injectable hydrogel (CMCS/4-arm-PEG-CHO, termed MPGel) for sealing retinal breaks in RRD. MPGel is formed through a Schiff base reaction between carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) aldehyde (4-arm-PEG-CHO), enabling administration via a clinical 30G syringe. The aldehyde groups in MPGel form stable chemical bonds with tissue amino groups, ensuring robust adhesion. Ex vivo studies using a porcine retinal hole-closure assay and in vivo evaluation in a rabbit RRD model demonstrated that MPGel can be easily injected into retinal breaks and effectively seals large defects (approximately 2–3 disc diameters). These results indicate MPGel's strong capacity to promote RRD repair and its significant potential for clinical translation.

CAS / MDL: 619-66-9
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE · 2026 · IF 6.9

Synergistic electrocatalysis of palladium-nickel (Pd7Ni3) alloy and multifunctional polyaniline for highly efficient oxidations of ethylene glycol and ethanol

Huan Zhang,Yuchuan Zhu,Ruoxi Yang,Yakai Hao,Mingqiu Bao,Huijin Chen,Ruirui Yue,Jinbing Shu,Jingkun Xu

The rational integration of support structures and alloying strategies is crucial for developing highly active and durable catalysts to advance fuel cell technology. This study presents a polyaniline-supported palladium-nickel alloy catalyst (Pd 7 Ni 3 -PANI) with an electronic structure modulated by synergistic metal-support interaction and lattice strain and shows significantly enhanced electrocatalytic performance for ethylene glycol and ethanol oxidation (EGOR/EOR). For EGOR/EOR, the Pd 7 Ni 3 -PANI catalyst shows mass/specific activities (5396/2541 mA mg Pd -1 , 33/15 mA cm −2 ), surpassing those of commercial Pd/C (724/565 mA mg Pd -1 , 12/9 mA cm −2 ). Moreover, Pd 7 Ni 3 -PANI also demonstrates superior CO tolerance and electrochemical stability. These improvements are attributed to the oxyphilic Ni facilitates the generation of hydroxyl (OH – ) to accelerate CO oxidation, while simultaneously optimizing the electronic state of Pd to regulate the adsorption of reaction intermediates. This work provides a new strategy for designing cost-effective and efficient anode electrocatalysts.

CAS / MDL: 57-09-0 64-17-5
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Results in Engineering · 2026 · IF 7.9

Enhanced thermal performance of polyethylene glycol phase change materials co-mediated by silver-plated melamine foam-carbon nanotube frameworks

Qian-Qian Chu,Jishuang Luan,Dehu Qv,Yangfan He,Peitao Fan,Xuanbo Wang,Bo Cheng,Li Feng,Baizeng Fang

Phase change materials (PCMs) absorb and release energy from the environment effectively during the phase change process, leading to their widespread use in the field of thermal energy storage. However, the development of PCMs has been limited by issues such as poor thermal conductivity and light absorption. We therefore designed a silver-plated melamine foam (MF) framework and synthesized a phenolamine aggregate coating on the MF through a redox reaction, enhancing the bonding with silver nanoparticles and resulting in fully silver-plated MF. Meanwhile, hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) were added to the framework as a filler. This modification improved the conductivity of the corresponding polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based composite PCMs from 0.33 (pure PEG) to 0.82 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ due to the construction of a multilevel thermal conduction channel. Additionally, a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 92.4 % was achieved through the combined effect of the local resonance absorption of the silver and the molecular thermal vibration of the HCNTs. These advances provide a new strategy for optimizing the performance of PCMs, with potential applications in energy storage and thermal management.

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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · 2026 ·Vol. 14 ·期 1 ·121097 · IF 7.2

Polyethylene glycol/citric acid cross-linked framework based on aminated cyclodextrin with enhanced water stability for tetracycline hydrochloride removal

Xinyu Liu,Chunlin Gou,Wen Peng,Tiandan Wang,Na Yao,Xiaoshuang Dai,Ziqing Weng,Junda Liu,Neng Qiu

Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), a widely used antibiotic, poses serious environmental risks due to its persistence in aquatic ecosystems and potential to induce antibiotic resistance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a promising class of materials for antibiotic removal. This study reports the development of a novel polyethylene glycol and citric acid cross-linked amino-β-cyclodextrin-metal-organic framework (PCC-NH 2 -βCD-MOF). This design leverages NH 2 -β-CD as a key functional ligand while enhancing the material’s hydrophilicity and structural stability. Structural and morphological characterization via FT-IR, XRD, and SEM confirmed the successful synthesis, while BET and zeta potential analyses revealed a porous structure with a negatively charged surface. Under optimized conditions, the adsorbent achieved a high TCH adsorption capacity of 278.2 mg/g. The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, it had a higher theoretical maximum capacity of 526.3 mg/g at 25 °C, and the kinetics showed a temperature-dependent shift, transitioning from pseudo-second-order behavior at lower temperatures to pseudo-first-order at elevated temperatures. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous and exothermic process (ΔG 0 < 0, ΔH 0 = −34.85 kJ/mol). The adsorbent demonstrated excellent practical potential, retaining 78 % of its initial capacity after four generation cycles and achieving an 82 % TCH removal rate in simulated wastewater, underscoring its remarkable selectivity and reusability. The adsorption mechanism was identified as a synergistic combination of cavity inclusion within the β-CD, hydrogen bonding with surface functional groups, and electrostatic interactions. With advantages including a green synthesis process, cost-effectiveness, easy regeneration, and multi-mechanism adsorption capability, PCC-NH 2 -βCD-MOF exhibits significant promise for application in TCH-contaminated wastewater treatment.

CAS / MDL: 64-75-5
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A · 2026 · IF 4

Preparation and characterization of positively charged phenylaminopropyl-bonded core-shell microspheres for separation of polyethylene glycol and diverse compounds

Min Zhu,Jiale Liang,Tiantian Xiao,Yifei Hu,Lei Jiang,Shujuan Ma,Junjie Ou

PHN-modified core-shell silica phase enables high-efficiency separation. • Multiple interactions provide enhanced selectivity compared with C18 phases. • SiO 2 @SiO 2 -PHN enables PEG derivative separation confirmed by HPLC-MS. Core-shell silica microspheres were utilized as the substrate, and phenylaminopropyl groups were covalently grafted to fabricate SiO 2 @SiO 2 -PHN. Meanwhile, C18-bonded core-shell microspheres (SiO 2 @SiO 2 -C18) were also prepared to compare their separation selectivity. The characterization results revealed that the grafting density of phenylaminopropyl groups was 1.89 μmol/m 2 . Alkylbenzenes were selected as test analytes to evaluate the fundamental chromatographic performance of SiO 2 @SiO 2 -PHN, exhibiting a typical reversed-phase chromatographic retention mechanism, with a column efficiency of 106,800 N·m −1 for toluene. Several kinds of mixed samples were further adopted for comparative chromatographic efficiency. The results showed that SiO 2 @SiO 2 -C18 delivered remarkably superior column efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and terphenyls, and the column efficiencies of pyrene and p-terphenyl reached 215,070 and 231,540 N·m −1 , respectively. Nevertheless, SiO 2 @SiO 2 -PHN afforded symmetric peak shapes and outstanding resolution for separating pyridine derivatives and quinine and its derivatives. In the separation of two kinds of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives, bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate (BPA-DMA) and self-synthetic single isocyanate PEG200, baseline separation cannot be achieved on SiO 2 @SiO 2 -C18. For BPA-DMA on SiO 2 @SiO 2 -PHN, 7 peaks with high response intensities were observed within a retention time of 50–80 min by HPLC-UV. HPLC-MS analysis confirmed that these 7 peaks corresponded to BPA-DMA with gradually decreasing molecular weight from 716 to 452. For separation of single isocyanate PEG200 on SiO 2 @SiO 2 -PHN, 8 high-intensity peaks were detected within 15 min by HPLC-UV. As confirmed by HPLC-MS analysis, these 8 peaks could be assigned as PEG with increasing molecular weight from 209 to 517. Download: Download high-res image (135KB) Download: Download full-size image

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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · 2026 ·Vol. 14 ·期 6 ·124949 · IF 7.5

Intercalative construction of Cu/W/Ni3Al-MMO hierarchical catalysts for the efficient catalytic conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol

Jiamin Wang,Tengjuan Ma,Yulong Ma,Jinpeng Wei,Haiyan Yan,Yonggang Sun

In recent years, developing highly active non-noble metal catalysts for biomass hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) to achieve value-added conversion has attracted significant attention. However, major challenges remain in catalyst efficiency, stability, and the precise control of reaction pathways.In this study, a synergistic Ni-W-Cu mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalyst was prepared from LDH precursors via a stepwise "ion exchange-active site introduction" strategy. Under optimized conditions (240 ℃, 2.5 MPa H 2 , 2.5 h), the catalyst achieved complete cellulose conversion with 72% ethylene glycol selectivity. Even after five reuse cycles, it retained 95.4% conversion and 62% selectivity. Characterization demonstrated that appropriate Cu loading promoted Ni-Cu alloying and modulated Ni electronic structure, which induced abundant W 6 + /W 4+ species and oxygen vacancies (O V ). In this architecture, W 6+ provides Lewis acidity, while W 4+ couples tightly with O V , thereby synergistically enhancing the catalyst's hydrogenation capability and bond-cleavage ability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the strong interaction between W and Cu constructs highly efficient adsorption sites, enabling the precise catalysis of C-O bond scission. These findings suggest that tailoring the W-Cu interplay offers a viable strategy for directing product selectivity. By engineering a stable, multifunctional catalyst for biomass conversion, this study provides a new strategy for constructing high-performance HDO catalysts.

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Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society · 2026 ·Vol. 23 ·期 6 ·152 · IF 2.4

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of ethylene chlorohydrin and ethylene glycol residues in disposable infusion sets

Liu Ruojin,Liu Baoyu,Shao Wenliang

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) and ethylene glycol (EG) residues in disposable infusion sets sterilized with ethylene oxide (EO). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile at 60 °C for 4 h using a sample/solvent ratio of 0.4 g/mL. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a DB-WAX capillary column with a programmed temperature gradient. Detection was performed in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.025–2.50 µg/g for ECH and 0.125–2.50 µg/g for EG. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.008–0.04 µg/g and 0.025–0.125 µg/g, respectively. The recoveries at three spiked levels (0.125, 0.25, and 1.25 µg/g) ranged from 94.87 to 108.63% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.62 and 7.88%. The validated method is sensitive, accurate, and robust, providing a reliable approach for assessing the risks associated with EO-related residues in disposable infusion sets. This method provides a reliable tool for safety evaluation of EO-sterilized medical devices.

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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL · 2026 · IF 8.8

Chain-length-dependent tissue biodistribution of polyethylene glycol oligomers with 9-20 subunits revealed by green UPC2-MS/MS

Xinyue Zhou,Jiale Liu,Hongjie Ju,Si Cheng,Shuang Feng,Yue Deng,Jiarui Zhang,Yalin Xi,Meiyun Shi,Lei Yin

First oligomer-resolved UPC 2 -MS/MS for food-grade PEG600 in ten rat tissues (3.7 min, CO₂-based). • Green workflow: GEMAM 6.38, BAGI 80, zero derivatization, 0.1 kWh per sample. • Short-chain highest normalized exposure in kidney & intestine; inverse MW rule revealed. • Provides oligomer-level in-vivo data critical for refined safety assessment of polydisperse food polymers. Polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG600) is a widely used polydisperse polymer employed as a food additive. However, its safety profile remains incompletely understood, primarily because conventional analytical methods cannot resolve its tissue distribution at the level of individual oligomers. To address this gap, we developed a green analytical method based on ultra-performance convergence chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPC 2 -MS/MS) for the specific quantification of twelve PEG600 oligomers ( n  = 9–20) across ten rat tissues. Optimization of ammonium adduct detection combined with post-column makeup flow significantly improved sensitivity and mitigated ionization suppression associated with supercritical CO₂ mobile phases. The validated method achieved complete baseline separation within 3.7 min. Tissue distribution analysis revealed chain-length–dependent accumulation patterns. High scores on the Greenness Evaluation Metric for Analytical Methods (GEMAM: 6.376) and the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI: 80.0) confirmed the environmental sustainability and practical utility of the method. Download: Download high-res image (347KB) Download: Download full-size image

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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A · 2026 · IF 4

Polyethylene glycol-modified MIL-88B(Fe) coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of C6–C10 aldehydes in exhaled breath

Ke-Rong Wang,Yu-Fei Bai,Xiao-Ye Chang,Yun-Kai Lv,Li-Qing Yu

A one-pot PEG-modified MIL-88B(Fe) coating was developed for breath aldehydes. • The 10% PEG/Fe³⁺ ratio gave the highest responses for all five aldehydes. • Detection limits were 0.018–0.030 ng mL⁻¹ with precision below 10%. • The coating retained 87.9–93.9% response after 110 extraction cycles. A polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified MIL-88B(Fe) composite was synthesized by a one-pot route and evaluated as a coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the determination of five C6–C10 aldehydes. Among the materials prepared at PEG/Fe 3+ molar ratios of 0, 5, 10, and 15%, PEG 10 @MIL-88B(Fe) produced the highest peak areas for all five aldehydes. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N 2 adsorption–desorption analysis supported PEG modification while retaining the structural characteristics of MIL-88B(Fe). Under the optimized conditions, the developed method provided enrichment factors of 2563–15,562. Calibration curves were linear over 0.1–500 ng mL –1 (R 2  = 0.9911–0.9988), with LODs of 0.018–0.030 and LOQs of 0.059–0.099 ng mL –1 of calibration solution (liquid-standard-equivalent). Intra-day, inter-day, fiber-to-fiber, and batch-to-batch RSDs were 3.9–5.9%, 4.2–8.2%, 4.0–9.8%, and 5.3–10.1%, respectively. The method showed limited interference from representative breath volatile organic compounds, with relative responses of 89.30–92.02%, while matrix effects ranged from 94.7% to 104.1%. After 110 extraction/desorption cycles, the coating retained 87.9–93.9% of its initial response. The PEG 10 @MIL-88B(Fe)-coated SPME fiber was applied to exhaled-breath samples, with spike recoveries of 87.2–105.5%, supporting its applicability to the trace determination of C6–C10 aldehydes in exhaled breath. Download: Download high-res image (309KB) Download: Download full-size image

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