EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 6.8
Heng Wang,Xin-Yuan Guo,Jin-Ping Guan,Ying-Jun Gao,Xian-Wei Cheng
A multifunctional aerogel with ultralow thermal conductivity, high flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, and robust mechanical properties was developed. The aerogel’s support skeleton comprised amidoxime-functionalized polyacrylonitrile and silica nanofibers. Under acidic conditions, chitosan and montmorillonite formed an electrostatically driven network, with positively charged chitosan and negatively charged montmorillonite interweaving into the nanofiber matrix to create a three-dimensional, interpenetrating, multivariate cross-linked structure. The incorporation of montmorillonite nanosheets into the flexible nanofiber network significantly enhanced the aerogel’s mechanical properties, facilitating triple cross-linking with chitosan. The resulting aerogel exhibited a porosity of 98.58%, an ultralow density of 27 mg/cm 3 , and a mechanical strength of 428.89 kPa, comparable to or better than some reported aerogels under similar conditions. Additionally, it demonstrated superior thermal insulation (0.0299 W/(m·K)), exceptional flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index exceeding 50%, and hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 146.2°. Notably, the aerogel maintained over 96.95% of its initial adsorption efficiency after 10 cycles, highlighting its excellent reusability. These findings establish a provide a useful reference for the development of multifunctional aerogel materials for building insulation, meeting stringent fire safety standard.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Na-won Baek,Shin-hee Lee
This study reports the first application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated oxidative coloration to bio-based nylon 5,10 using natural phenolics, and clarifies the performance-enhancing role of chitosan as a dyeing template. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed that the incorporation of chitosan significantly increases oligomer growth during pigment formation. Comparative process evaluation revealed that in-situ chitosan templating causes excessive surface polymerization, uneven coloration, and reduced K/S values, which is attributed to the formation of loosely bound pigment aggregates that are easily removed during washing, leading to significant pigment loss from the fiber surface, whereas ex-situ chitosan-templated bio-dyeing yields the highest color depth and superior shade uniformity. In addition, chitosan templating transforms the weak or selective antibacterial activity of pristine phenolics into strong broad-spectrum inhibition against both E. coli and S. aureus. Although washing and rubbing fastness were generally acceptable, light fastness remained insufficient. Overall, this study provides the first empirical demonstration that nylon 5,10 is a suitable substrate for enzymatic oxidative coloration, and establishes ex-situ chitosan-templated bio-dyeing as an optimal strategy to simultaneously achieve deep coloration, uniformity, and antibacterial functionality. The integration of a bio-based polyamide substrate with a bio-based enzymatic coloration system highlights a promising low-carbon and energy-efficient route toward industrially scalable sustainable textile production. Download: Download high-res image (181KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2026
·Vol. 143
·期 22
·e70714
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IF 3.1
Ting-Ting Li,Yanping Zhang,Kelei Zang,Xiaomeng Wang,Hongli Liu,Jia-Horng Lin,Ching-Wen Lou
In the process of noise pollution control, the limitation of simply relying on increasing the thickness of the sound-absorbing layer has been recognized. Aerogel, due to its lightweight and multifunctional characteristics, has become a research hotspot. However, how to optimize the structure of aerogels to balance sound-absorption performance with other key characteristics remains an important research direction. In this study, by in situ combining zinc borate (ZB) nanoparticles and directional freezing technology, the optimal incorporation amount of nanocellulose (CNC) was explored, and CNC/ZB/carboxymethyl chitosan aerogel with honeycomb pore structure and excellent sound absorption effect was prepared. In order to expand its application in complex scenes, its antibacterial and flame retardant properties were further studied. The experiments demonstrated that the optimized incorporation of CNC not only enhanced the sound-absorbing performance (with the peak of sound absorption coefficient in the 500–1500 Hz frequency band approaching 1), but also maintained an antibacterial rate of over 97% and a combustion rate as low as 0.76 mm s −1 . This sound-absorbing aerogel integrates efficient sound absorption, mechanical strength and toughness, as well as antibacterial and flame-retardant properties, providing a new material design concept for addressing environmental noise and health and safety issues.
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Materials Today Bio
·
2026
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IF 11
Li Xiong,Bin Chai,Gaixia Kuang,Yosuke Kaneko,Gonghao Zhang,Yunhan Ji
Background Chronic inflammation and impaired immune microenvironment are key barriers to effective cartilage regeneration. Herein, we developed an integrated, injectable thermosensitive hydrogel system termed CS@Gel-Mg. This system modularly combines exosome-loaded chitosan microspheres (CM@Exo) embedded within a Mg 2+ -coordinated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based ionic liquid hydrogel (Gel-Mg), aiming to modulate local immune response and promote cartilage repair. Methods Hydroxypropyl-modified chitosan microspheres were synthesized via emulsion crosslinking and effectively loaded with bioactive exosomes. The Gel matrix was fabricated using an ionic liquid monomer (IL-C4) copolymerized with NIPAM and N-vinylimidazole, followed by Mg 2+ complexation. Physicochemical properties, including morphology (SEM/TEM), surface chemistry (XPS/FTIR), and thermoresponsive behavior (DSC/TGA), were systematically characterized. The effects of CS@Gel-Mg on immune and cartilage regeneration were evaluated in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, qPCR, histological staining, flow cytometry, gait analysis, and asymmetric weight-bearing analysis. Results In vitro, the system demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility, promoted ATDC5 cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited apoptosis. The hydrogel also reprogrammed macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype, as confirmed by qPCR and flow cytometry. In vivo, using a rat full-thickness cartilage defect model, CS@Gel-Mg exhibited improved weight-bearing function, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and superior cartilage histological scores compared to control groups. Mechanistically, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses suggested enhanced expression of SOX9, COL2A1 and COL1A1, along with suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, SOX9 knockdown in vivo diminished the therapeutic effect, confirming its regulatory role in the immuno-chondrogenic axis. Conclusion This exosome-integrated thermoresponsive hydrogel provides a multifunctional platform for immune modulation and cartilage regeneration. Our findings highlight the potential of CS@Gel-Mg as a promising therapeutic strategy for osteochondral repair.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR HISTOLOGY
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2026
·Vol. 57
·期 3
·184
·
IF 2.6
Zhang Xuepu,Zhang Yue,Yang Limin,Fang Shiqiang,Mei Xifan
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes. This study evaluated the effects and underlying mechanism of baicalin on DFU healing. High glucose (HG)-exposed HaCaT cells and streptozotocin-induced DFU rats were employed as in vitro cell models and in vivo models. Cell viability, migration, and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed following baicalin (100 µg/mL) treatment. A baicalin-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) hydrogel was prepared, and its therapeutic effects on blood glucose and wound closure were evaluated over 14 days. Bioinformatic analysis, molecular docking, and MAPK1 knockdown were performed to elucidate the mechanism. Baicalin restored HG-reduced HaCaT cell viability ( p < 0.01) and migration ( p < 0.001), and decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. In DFU rats, the hydrogel lowered blood glucose from > 20 mM to approximately 10 mM ( p < 0.001) and accelerated wound healing ( p < 0.01). Bioinformatic analysis identified MAPK1 as a key target; molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinity (< − 6 kcal/mol). Baicalin upregulated MAPK1 expression ( p < 0.01), whereas shRNA-mediated MAPK1 knockdown attenuated the therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo ( p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate baicalin’s potential as a DFU treatment through MAPK1 regulation and highlight the need for further research into its molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.
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Regenerative Biomaterials
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Lu Min,Sun Tong,Tang Chongxu,Zhang Xinmei,Hao Shuyue,Yang Mei,Xin Qiangwei,Zhu Zhongqiang,Ding Mingming,Weng Jie,Li Zhiqiang,Chen Xingyu,Li Jianshu
The healing of infected wounds is a formidable clinical challenge that demands advanced biomaterials capable of simultaneously eradicating pathogens and orchestrating the complex regenerative process. Herein, we engineered an immunomodulatory and angiogenic multifunctional hydrogel dressing by integrating choline phosphorylated chitosan (CS-MCP) with tetracycline-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA@TH NPs) for the programmed healing of infected wounds. This composite hydrogel demonstrates on-demand, spatiotemporally controlled therapeutic responses. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, it enables synergistic bactericidal activity through photothermal effects and triggered antibiotic release. Moreover, the system exhibits pH-responsive drug release behavior, specifically targeting the acidic microenvironment of infected tissues. Beyond its potent antibacterial function, the hydrogel actively promotes regenerative processes. In vitro, CS-MCP markedly enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, demonstrating potent pro-angiogenic effects. Furthermore, the polydopamine nanoparticles effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS), attenuating oxidative stress and inducing M2 macrophage polarization to foster an immunoregulatory microenvironment conducive to tissue repair. In a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus-infected full-thickness skin defects, the hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing by comprehensively modulating the entire regeneration cascade: eliminating infection, mitigating inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing collagen deposition. This study presents a novel immune-engaging and pro-regenerative strategy, representing a highly promising platform for the treatment of refractory infected wounds.
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.1
Tian Juan,Yan Chunyu,Jiao Yuanyuan,Li Jiangbo,Chen Yaofeng,Chu Zongtang,Wu Yuxin,Liu Yanli,Zhou Zhe,Xing Yaling
DNA is widely employed in biological science and materials science, driving a growing demand for its effective preservation. The conventional cryopreservation method is highly resource-intensive, requiring substantial storage space and continuous energy input. These limitations highlight the urgent need to develop cost-effective and efficient alternative strategies. In this study, we creatively extended the application of chitosan derivatives to the preservation of extracellular DNA, based on our previous work on chitosan-mediated nucleic acid enrichment and detection. Among different types of chitosan derivatives, chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) was identified for its outstanding DNA-binding and re-release capabilities. Upon complexation with COL, DNA is effectively protected against major environmental stressors including enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidative damage, and ultraviolet irradiation, which were the major environmental stressors. This protective interaction significantly enhances the stability of DNA under non-cryogenic conditions, which in turn minimizes the losses in DNA concentration and integrity while preserving critical sequence information. Furthermore, the binding and release of COL with DNA could be achieved handily by pH adjustment. Moreover, COL could be readily available and amenable to large-scale production. Collectively, our findings provide a great potential method for realizing convenient and cost-effective DNA preservation at room temperature. Graphical abstract
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Rong Zhang,Suting Zhou,Yumeng Wang,Fen Ran
A self ‑ adhesive supercapacitor is developed based on a biocompatible hydrogel matrix integrated with poly(3, 4 ‑ ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) as the conductive material. For biomedical devices, achieving stable adhesion to dynamic biological tissues is a key challenge. To address this, an integrated structure is created through the in situ polymerization of poly (3, 4 ‑ ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) on a hydrogel composite composed of polyacrylamide, polydopamine, and quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan. This method eliminates interfacial resistance and enhances mechanical stability. The hydrogel matrix is optimized with 20% acrylamide, and the conductive polymer is polymerized for 36 h, yielding a specific capacitance of 0.67 mF·cm −2 at 0.03 mA·cm −2 . The device exhibits strong tissue adhesion with an interfacial toughness of 0.20 kJ·m −2 and a shear strength of 1.5 kPa, resulting from hydrogen bonding, π – π stacking, and electrostatic interactions. A hemolysis rate of 0.35% confirms biocompatibility, while antibacterial properties are provided by the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan. This work provides a strategy for developing adhesive and biocompatible energy storage components toward future bio ‑ integrated electronics. Graphical
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Jilong Lu,Meizhen Xie,Lipin Chen,Qing Song,Siew Yin Chan,Yong-Huan Yun
Iridescent CSM is obtained from shrimp shell by deproteinization, demineralization and deacetylation. • Iridescent CSM is a mesoporous material with Bouligand structure. • CSM exhibited chromatic responsiveness toward aldehydes, ketones and acids. • CSM successfully identified all highly oxidized samples through noticeable color changes. Lipid oxidation is a major cause of food deterioration and can be detected visually using colorimetric sensors. However, existing sensors often involve the use of harmful chemicals or dyes. This study aimed to exploit the potential of structurally colored biomaterials as lipid oxidation sensors. An iridescent chitosan membrane (CSM) with structural color was fabricated from shrimp shells by chemical deproteinization, demineralization and deacetylation. Its responsiveness toward 28 volatile lipid oxidation products was investigated, and its effectiveness as a lipid oxidation sensor was evaluated. The results showed that the CSM exhibited a Bouligand structure. The membrane had a deacetylation degree of 83.97%, a specific surface area of 0.30 m 2 /g, an average pore volume of 0.0006 cm 3 /g, and an average pore diameter of 8.76 nm. It showed visible color changes upon exposure to aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids, with minimum visually discernible concentrations of 14 μmol/L for organic acid, 54 μmol/L for aldehydes and 1085 μmol/L for ketones. Moreover, CSM exhibited excellent structural stability and remained chemo-responsive during one year of storage under room temperature conditions. Eight soybean oil samples derived from the same oil but at different oxidation stages were used for assessing the performance of CSM as a lipid oxidation sensor. Out of the eight oil samples, the CSM correctly identified the oxidation status of seven, showing no color change for fresh samples and visible color changes for oxidized ones. This work demonstrates the potential of the structurally colored CSM as a biocompatible and chemical-free colorimetric indicator for lipid oxidation detection. Download: Download high-res image (225KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CELLULOSE
·
2026
·
IF 4.6
Cheng Heli,Guo Zejiang,Chen Bingzhe,Gong Jiansheng,Luo Qipeng,Chen Xin,Wang Peng,Jiang Jungang
Hemicellulose-based hydrogels have attracted significant attention due to their inherent renewability, and tunable physicochemical properties. Overcoming their intrinsic mechanical weakness remains a persistent challenge. Here we present a robust and stretchable microgel-reinforced hemicellulose hydrogel made by embedding rigid chitosan microspheres (CMs) in the flexible hydrogel matrix formed by copolymerization of methacrylated hemicellulose and acrylamide. The compressive strength of the hydrogel achieves 3.52 MPa under a strain of 90%, which is 2.7 times that of the hydrogel without CMs. Meanwhile, the tensile strength reaches 44.09 kPa, with a strain of 413%. The toughness of the hydrogel is 91.1 kJ m −3 , nearly twice that of the hydrogel without CMs. Further incorporation of MXene endows the hydrogel with excellent electrical conductivity (0.56 S m −1 ), enabling pressure detection as low as 0.16 kPa, which makes it suitable for use as a sensor for real-time monitoring of physiological signals and human motion.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Minh Quan Ho,Nam-Son Dinh-Ngoc,Quynh-Anh Vu-Yen,Dang Nguyen Nha Khanh,Tan Anh Nguyen,Ngoc Thuy Trang Le
Abstract Pathogenic biofilms and complex biological environments significantly limit the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial peptides such as Nisin Z due to rapid degradation and poor penetration. In this study, we developed a Nisin Z-loaded chitosan-pectin coated liposome (LCPN) as a lipid-polymer hybrid nanosystem to overcome these limitations. The optimized LCP formulation exhibited an average particle size of 278.4 ± 3.1 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.229 ± 0.326, and a surface charge of −28.7 ± 0.8 mV. Furthermore, the nanosystem achieved a high encapsulation efficiency of 63.84% and demonstrated a sustained release profile, delivering 63.64% of Nisin Z over 72 h. In addition, LCPN exhibited a sustained release profile, contributing to prolonged antimicrobial activity. Functionally, the LCPN system demonstrated strong antibiofilm efficacy (88.13% at 350 μg/mL), effectively enhancing disruption of pre-formed biofilms and significantly reducing bacterial biomass compared to free Nisin Z. Notably, in vivo evaluation in a shrimp infection model showed enhanced antibacterial performance in hemolymph, resulting in improved survival rates (83.3% at 14 days post-infection) and growth performance following Vibrio challenge. These findings suggest that the chitosan-pectin coated liposomal platform is a highly stable and controlled-release delivery system for antimicrobial peptides, offering a promising and targeted strategy for disease management in aquaculture.
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Polymers
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 20
·2725
·
IF 4.9
Zixu Ren,Dongqi Geng,Dingyang Chen,Minsi Shi,Qing Bai,Rui Zhao
Exploring materials for the uranium extraction from seawater holds great significance for the sustainable development of the nuclear industry. Though many adsorbents have been investigated to extract uranium, they still suffer from the issues of low adsorption performance and high production cost. In this work, biomass nanofiber adsorbents (PA-CS NFs) were prepared by the electrospinning of chitosan followed by functionalization with phytic acid. Based on the cost analysis, the preparation expense of PA-CS NFs was$16.4 kg−1, lower than those of common synthetic polymer adsorbents. In addition, PA-CS NFs showed fast removal kinetics (equilibrium time = 60 min), high uptake capacity (457.8 mg g−1), and good selectivity (the ratio of uranium/competing ion capacities > 3.8) from uranium spiked solution. PA-CS NFs also exhibited the ability to remove trace uranyl ions (distribution coefficient = 4.7 × 105mL g−1) and satisfy recycling capacity. The experimental tests and theoretical calculations confirmed that the phosphate groups in the functionalized phytic acid displayed the main contribution to the uranyl ion adsorption, which had higher binding energy than the functional groups in chitosan. Benefiting from the good adsorption ability, low cost, and macroscopical membrane form, PA-CS NFs were applied to natural seawater for uranium extraction, and an extraction capacity of 4.52 mg g−1could be achieved after 35 days’ testing. On account of the obtained results, this study offers an efficient and low-cost nanofiber adsorbent for uranium extraction.
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