ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2019
·
IF 8.456
Meng Liu,Song Shi,Li Zhao,Min Wang,Guozhi Zhu,Jin Gao,Jie Xu
With the aim of utilizing O2 as an oxidant, cascade reaction strategy was usually employed by first transforming O2 into the in situ generated hydroperoxide and then oxidized the substrate. To combine the two steps more efficiently to get a higher reaction rate, a series of core–shell catalysts with core and shell having different wettabilities were designed. The catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, sessile water contact angle, among other methods. These catalysts were applied in the research of the diphenyl sulfide oxidation by the in situ generated hydroperoxide derived from ethylbenzene oxidation. Through control experiments, the hydrophobic modification in the shell and core will influence different steps of the overall cascade reaction. Further insight into the reaction illustrated that the overall reaction rate was not simply an adduct of the promotion effects from the two steps, which was mainly attributed to the inhibition effect for the co-oxidation of ethylbenzene with diphenyl sulfide. Through the guidance of the relationship, a rationally designed core–shell catalyst with appropriate modifying organic groups showed an enhanced performance of the overall cascade reaction. The rational design of the catalysts would provide a reference for other cascade reactions.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2022
·
IF 6.633
Quan Chen,Lunan Wu,Xiaoli Zhao,Xiu-Jie Yang
Zn-Ti layered double oxide (LDO) nanosheets were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation-calcination process for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB). ZnTi-LDOs nanosheets present higher photocatalytic efficiency for MO, RhB and MB removal, which is 5.4, 4.4 and 6.7 times of that of Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide (LDH), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized ZnTi-LDOs is greatly affected by the mole ratio of Zn/Ti, calcination temperature and pH value. It is found that the formation of ZnO/ZnTiO 3 heterojunction in ZnTi-LDOs could effectively accelerate the rapid separation of charge carriers, and thus enhance the photocatalytic activity via enlarging the photoresponse range. The possible charge transfer mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by ZnTi-LDOs was proposed based on the active species test and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The results of active species trapping experiments showed that ‧OH, ‧O 2 − , h + , e − all had effect on the degradation of RhB , and ‧OH played a major role. This study provides a new insight for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater by ZnTi-LDOs.
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KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2017
·Vol. 34
·期 12
·3132-3141
·
IF 2.007
Zhang Wei,Li Xin,Wang Hong,Song Yongji,Zhang Shenghong,Li Cuiqing
Deep desulfurization of model oil by photocatalytic air oxidation and adsorption using Ti (1− x ) M
x
O 2 (M=Zr, Ce) was investigated. Ti (1− x ) M
x
O 2 (M=Zr, Ce) was prepared by urea gelation/co-precipitation method, and characterized by N 2 adsorption, XRD and UV-vis spectra. UV irradiation greatly enhanced the adsorptive capacity and selectivity of TiO 2 -ZrO 2 for organosulfur in model oil because organosulfur compounds were first photocatalytically oxidized to sulfoxides and sulfones over TiO 2 -ZrO 2 , which were then selectively adsorbed on the bifunctional material due to much higher polarities of generated sulfoxides and sulfones. The Ti/Zr molar ratio and calcination temperature were optimized to 5 : 5 and 500 °C with the sulfur removal of 99.6% after reaction for 2 h under UV irradiation. After adding 25 wt% toluene into model oil, the sulfur removal could still reach 97.2% after reaction for 7 h. TiO 2 -ZrO 2 could be well regenrated by washing with acetonitrile followed by thermal treatment in air.
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Materials
·
2021
·Vol. 14
·期 21
·6666
·
IF 3.623
Xingru Zhang,Yinan Xiao,Beining Du,Yueming Li,Yuandong Wu,Liyuan Sheng,Wenchang Tan
The characteristic transition from ferroelectric (FE) to ergodic relaxor (ER) state in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3(BNT) based lead-free ceramics provides an efficient approach to bring a highly ordered phase back to a disordered one. It would be rational to utilize this transition to improve relevant non-piezoelectric properties based on domain decomposition. In this work, different La contents were introduced to 0.93(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.07Ba(Ti0.945Zr0.055)O3ceramics (BNT-BZT-xLa) to induce evolution of ergodic degree. The results reveal that with increasing La content, both the FE-ER transition temperatureTF-Rand depolarization temperatureTdshift towards room temperature, implying a deepened ergodic degree. By modulation of ergodic degree, thermally stimulated depolarization current experiment shows a higher current density peak, and corresponding pyroelectric coefficient increases from 2.46 to 2.81 μC/(cm2∙°C) atTd. For refrigeration, the indirect measurement demonstrates the ΔTmaximum increases from 1.1 K to 1.4 K, indicating an enhanced electrocaloric effect. Moreover, the optimized energy storage effect is observed after La doping. With appearance of “slimmer”P-Eloops, both calculated recoverable energy storage densityWrecand storage efficiencyηincrease to 0.23 J/cm3and 22.8%, respectively. These results denote La doping conduces to the improvement of non-piezoelectric properties of BNT-based ceramics in a certain range. Therefore, La doping should be an adopted modification strategy for lead-free ceramics used in areas like refrigerator and pulse capacitors.Keywords:BNT-based lead-free ceramics;electric properties;ferroelectric to ergodic relaxor state transition;La doping
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Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis
·
2022
·Vol. 135
·期 4
·2231-2246
·
IF 1.843
Luo Qiuzi,Sun Yihua,Guo Jin,Zhang Jiangyu,Fang Liang
The properties of ZnO nanoparticles doped with titanium ions (Ti 4+ ) and gallium ions (Ga 3+ ) were modified by sol–gel method. Considering the ion radius of doped metal elements, the radius of Zn ions and the doping limit of ZnO, the doping rate of Ti is fixed at 1 atom%, and the optimal doping amount of Ga is discussed. The Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy. XRD results show that Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite phase structure. With the increase of Ga doping concentration, the particle size of ZnO decreases. Through photoluminescence analysis, it is found that the absorption of Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO in the visible region moves to the long wave direction. In addition, with the increase of Ga doping, the particle size of GTZ powder first decreases and then increases, the band gap also decreases and then increases. When the doping amount of Ga is 1.5 atom%, the photocatalytic activity is the best. The degradation rate of MB was 90% within 2.5 h. Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO nanoparticles have good photocatalytic properties and low cost. They are a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 42
·22791-22802
·
IF 14.511
Xing-Ye Chen,Muhammad Ishaq,Nafees Ahmad,Rong Tang,Zhuang-Hao Zheng,Ju-Guang Hu,Zheng-Hua Su,Ping Fan,Guang-Xing Liang,Shuo Chen
The existence of various detrimental defects inside the absorber layer is a major obstacle limiting the performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells. Cationic substitution is a viable strategy for overcoming this challenge and has drawn tremendous research attention. In this work, a dual-cation substituted CZTSSe involving Ag and Ti to separately occupy partial Cu and Sn lattice sites is proposed. Under 6% Ag and 1% Ti dual-cation substitution, the champion CZTSSe device delivers a highly interesting efficiency of 12.73%, accompanied by an outstanding VOC of 530 mV. Further investigation demonstrates that Ag introduction can improve the density and crystallinity of CZTSSe thin films while decreasing the concentration of CuZn acceptor defects. Further Ti substitution can effectively eliminate fine grains and reduce the defect density of CuSn and [2CuZn + SnZn] defects, as well as the core level defects. This work explores the synergistic effect of Ag, Ti dual-cation substitution in CZTSSe solar cells for the first time, and the clarified device performance improvement mechanism opens up promising possibilities for the bright development of CZTSSe thin-film photovoltaic technology.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·
IF 2.986
C.H. Yang,H.L. Pan,Y.K. Yang,H.T. Wu
Li 2 Mg 3 Zr 1−x Ti x O 6 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method. Crystal structures, sintering behaviors, micro-structures and microwave dielectric properties of Li 2 Mg 3 Zr 1−x Ti x O 6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ceramics were investigated by XRD , SEM and chemical bond theory. XRD results showed that a single phase with the rock-salt structure was formed in all ranges. On the basis of the Rietveld refinement and chemical bond theory, several intrinsic parameters were calculated and connections between intrinsic parameters and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The substitutions of Ti 4+ for Zr 4+ obviously increased the relative density and improved the quality factors. Variations of ε r could be explained by changes of the polarizability. Q·f values showed the similar trend with the packing fractions, average bond valences and lattice energy of Zr–O bonds. τ ƒ values significantly correlated with the bond energy of Zr–O bonds.
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ACS Applied Energy Materials
·
2024
·
IF 5.4
Dayakar Gandla,Yun’an Zhou,Yihao Yan,Yifan Niu,Fuming Zhang,Daniel Q. Tan
MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, hold great promise for electrochemical energy storage applications due to their exceptional electronic conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanisms. This study introduces a one-step approach to deposit Mo and Ti-dual oxide nanoparticles in situ onto Mo2Ti2C3Tx MXene using the Lewis acid molten salt method (LAMS), meticulously optimizing annealing conditions. The incorporation of Mo and Ti dual oxide nanoparticles improves the pristine Mo2Ti2C3Tx MXene by preventing collapse of the layered structure and restacking of MXene sheets. Both three-electrode and coin cell devices are assessed in an aqueous electrolyte, illustrating the favorable role of the nanoparticles acting as spacers. Remarkable outcomes include a specific capacity of 434 C g–1 at 5 mA cm–2, exceptional capacity retention of 94% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles at 50 mA cm–2, and a high gravimetric energy density of 52.5 W h kg–1 at a power density of 1442 W kg–1 in an aqueous 3 M KOH electrolyte. This research underscores the potential of double transition metal MXenes as energy storage electrodes and an eco-friendly mass synthesis route, contributing to sustainable advancements in energy storage technology.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.532
Luyan Yao,Changming Ke,Jinhua Zhang,Yuanbing Li,Bingqiang Han,Jingran Wang
Ti–Si–Fe alloys extracted from high-titanium blast furnace slag were utilized to replace part of the silicon powders, and then nitride/oxynitride bonded SiC ceramics were prepared by reactive sintering in graphite bed. Ti–Si–Fe alloys could react with CO/N 2 at a low temperature (1200 °C), and the addition of Ti–Si–Fe alloys could reduce the nitriding temperature of Si. Density functional theory calculations suggested that Ti–Si–Fe alloys enhanced reaction activity via weakening the strength of C O and N N bonds. The regional equilibrium phase diagrams of Si–C–N–O and Ti–Si–C–N–O under CO/N 2 atmosphere were calculated by thermodynamics. The change of whiskers morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the bulk density, the cold modulus of rupture, and the cold compressive strength improved with Ti–Si–Fe alloys content. The results showed that the addition of Ti–Si–Fe alloys not only significantly promoted nitriding of Si and formation of Si 3 N 4 whiskers, but also improved the mechanical properties of the samples.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 45
·期 15
·21264-21273
·
IF 5.164
Lijie Zhang,Yihang Li,Binze Zhang,Yanhong Wan,Zheqiang Xu,Shaowei Zhang,Tenglong Zhu,Changrong Xia
Summary As a promising technology to address the energy storage challenge, reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) plays a vital role in conversion between chemical energy and electrical power. Over the last several decades, developing high performance fuel electrodes suitable for reversible operation have attracted extensive attentions. This work develops La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.35 Fe 0.6 Ni 0.05 O 3− δ which is an A-site deficient design with B-site having additional 5% nickel as the fuel electrode through in-situ metal exsolution. The in-situ exsolution process results in FeNi 3 alloy particles, about 40 nm in size, while maintaining the perovskite structure of the parent oxide. The FeNi 3 nanoparticles greatly improve the electrochemical performance as RSOC fuel electrode such as reducing the interfacial polarization resistance at 800°C by 13.6%, increasing the peak power density by 19% in the fuel cell mode and increasing the current density by 30% in the electrolysis mode. Furthermore, RSOC operation is demonstrated by 20-cycle reverse tests that are conducted by switching between the fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The stable RSOC performance indicates that La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.35 Fe 0.6 Ni 0.05 O 3− δ with in-situ constructed FeNi 3 nanoparticles is a potential fuel electrode material for RSOC.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
Yingcai Wang,Min Chen,Can Wang,Xiaoyang Meng,Weiqiu Zhang,Zefang Chen,John Crittenden
Methylisothiazolinone (2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) (MIT) is a commonly used biocide in wastewater treatment processes. Residual MIT in wastewater leads to high environmental risks and toxicity. The degradation of MIT via electrochemical oxidation, including kinetics, energy efficiency, oxidation mechanism and degradation pathway, was investigated in this study. Findings from energy and cost evaluation by using electrochemical technology were compared with those of other technologies. Experimental results indicate that electrolyte, current density and initial concentration can significantly affect MIT degradation. The lowest electrical energy per order was less than 3.85 kWh m −3 when NaCl was used as the electrolyte. Electrochemical degradation is advantageous because it can be easily applied without adding chemicals into wastewater and has relative low costs. The oxygen evolution, production of recalcitrant byproducts, and the mass transfer limitation resulted in the decrease of instantaneous current efficiency and mineralization current efficiency. Electron efficiency analysis demonstrated that 68.8% of the electrons used for MIT oxidation were effectively utilized to mineralize MIT into CO 2 . The proportion of direct and indirect oxidation of MIT during electrochemical degradation was quantitatively determined as 37.7% and 62.3%, respectively. HO was the most effective species for MIT degradation. MIT degradation pathway was proposed, in which the C C bond in MIT was broken down. C 3 H 7 NOS and C 3 H 7 NO 4 were detected, indicating the occurrence of ring opening reaction. Sulfur was oxidized into SO 4 2− and cleaved from C 3 H 7 NOS.
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JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 170
·期 9
·092505
·
IF 3.9
Shuna Liu,Ben Yang,Anran Zuo,Yongming Tang
Ti/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 anodes were electrodeposited from methanesulfonate-based baths, and the effect of dopants such as PVP and Fe on the surface morphology, phase composition, electrocatalytic activity and stability was investigated. It is revealed that the inclusion of Fe effectively enhances the stability of PbO2 anode, while PVP can significantly improve its electrocatalytic activity. The Fe,PVP-codoped anode, Ti/SnO2-Sb/Fe-PVP-PbO2, exhibits the higher stability and electrocatalytic activity compared to the respective inclusion of Fe and PVP. The gradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) on the Ti/SnO2-Sb/Fe-PVP-PbO2 anode is affected by the applied current density and the initial MO concentration. During degradation, the azo structure of MO is firstly cleaved, resulting in the rapid decolorization of solution. Demethylated MO and the anion of sulfanilic acid are detected as intermediates, and thus a plausible pathway of MO degradation is proposed.
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