PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
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2016
·
IF 4.12
Zhanjun Cheng,Qi Niu,Zhandong Wang,Hanfeng Jin,Guanyi Chen,Mingfa Yao,Lixia Wei
Depletion and overconsumption of the traditional fossil fuels necessitate the searching of renewable energies and alternative fuels . With its similar properties to those of gasoline, 2-methylfuran (MF) can be used as an alternative fuel or fuel additive directly in the engines. In this work, low-pressure laminar premixed MF/O 2 /Ar flames with equivalence ratios of 0.80, 1.00, and 1.50 were studied to investigate the flame structure of MF. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was used for the measurements of the mole fractions of the flame species. A revised MF mechanism based on that of Somers et al . was used to analyze the reaction pathways of MF, combining the formation and consumption reactions of some key species, such as 2-furylmethyl, propargyl, 1-oxo-1,3,4-pentatriene, 1-oxo-1,3-butadiene, acrolein, and methyl vinyl ketone, etc. The current mechanism may well predict the H-addition products of MF, i.e., 1-oxo-1,3-butadiene and furan, but under-estimate the H-abstraction products of MF, i.e., 2-furylmethyl and 1-oxo-1,3,4-pentatriene. As to the OH-addition products of MF, acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, the former one is over-predicted. This can be improved by addressing the effect of the MF structure on the OH-addition reactions, taking into account both formation and consumption of these two species.
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FUEL
·
2016
·
IF 3.611
Jingshan Wang,Xibin Wang,Xiangshan Fan,Kangkang Yang,Yingjia Zhang
Kinetic analyses were performed based on the experimental results of ignition delay times of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) using shock tube technique at temperatures of 1050–1800 K, equivalence ratios of 0.5–2.0, fuel mole concentrations of 0.25–1.0%, and pressures of 1.2–10 atm. A new kinetic model of 2-MTHF oxidation named Mech III was established according to the analysis of simulation using two published models (Mech I from Ravi Fernandes group and Mech II from Battin-Leclerc group) and the experimental data in this work. Comparison between simulation and experimental data indicated that Mech II shows remarkable under-prediction while Mech I gives a good agreement with ignition delay times under most conditions except for underprediction on fuel-rich mixtures at relative low temperature around 1250 K. Sensitivity analysis indicated that both models underestimated ignition delay times for the reactions of C 0 -C 4 molecules, so Mech III was formed by introducing such reactions and can demonstrate improved simulation performance under all conditions. Reaction pathway analysis of Mech III showed that 2-MTHF is mainly consumed through fuel decomposition at high temperatures (around 1550 K), and H-atom abstraction reactions at lower temperatures (around 1250 K), respectively. The comparative experimental and kinetic study between 2-MTHF and 2-methylfuran (MF) indicated that 2-MTHF has higher ignition delay times under the same conditions in this work, while the disparity decreases as the temperature increases, and 2-MTHF produces less soot precursors under high temperature conditions.
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ENERGY & FUELS
·
2017
·
IF 3.091
Xiaocai Meng,Jianying Wang,Haichao Jiang,Xinle Shi,Yongqi Hu
A functional 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole alanine ([Emim][Ala]) ionic liquid was synthesized. Its density, viscosity, and surface tension were measured at the temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15 K at atmosphere pressure. The solubility of SO2 in pure [Emim][Ala] ionic liquid and the binary mixture of [Emim][Ala] and water was also investigated. The absorption\desorption mechanism of SO2 was proposed on the basis of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that SO2 was captured as ammonia sulfonic acid ester by pure [Emim][Ala], while for the binary mixture of [Emim][Ala] and water, the final product of SO2 absorption is alanine and [Emim]+[HSO3]−/[Emim]+2[SO3]2–.
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RSC Advances
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 11
·6447-6456
·
IF 3.108
Jinli Zhang,Kaige Gao,Suli Wang,Wei Li,You Han
A series of bimetallic PdRu catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and were assessed in the 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation process. It is found that the addition of Ru to Pd can improve the catalyst's activity and maintain high selectivity at the same time for 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation. Several analysis techniques including N2 adsorption–desorption, ICP-AES, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, H2-TPD and XPS were adopted for characterizing the structural and electronic properties of the samples. It is revealed that PdRu bimetallic system shows stronger hydrogen desorption behavior in contrast to the monometallic catalysts. In addition, the higher fraction of Pd2+ and the presence of Ru4+ in the PdRu system may act as the electrophilic sites for the adsorption and activation of the CO of the 2-ethylanthraquinone molecule through the lone electron pair of the oxygen atom. These factors may be attributed to the superior performance of PdRu bimetallic samples for 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation.
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CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.947
Yu-Tao Zheng,Teng-Teng Zhang,Pei-Yi Wang,Zhi-Bing Wu,Lei Zhou,Yi-Qiang Ye,Xiang Zhou,Ming He,Song Yang
By introducing the pyrazole moiety into the 5-position of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, a series of novel 2-(thioether/sulfone)-5-pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized. Preliminary bioassays suggested that target compounds exhibited appreciable activity against pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) and five phytopathogenic fungi in vitro . Among them, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 6c , 7a , 7b and 7c against Xoo were within 16.6 μg/mL and 65.7 μg/mL, which were better than those of commercial agricultural antibacterial bismerthiazol (92.6 μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (121.8 μg/mL). While compounds 7a , 7b , and 7c exerted comprehensive antifungal activity toward five plant fungi, which were comparable with that of hymexazol. The results demonstrated that this kind of compounds can be further studied and developed as promising antifungal and antibacterial agents.
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FUEL
·
2016
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IF 3.611
Pengcheng Hu,Yadong Wang,Xianghai Meng,Rui Zhang,Haiyan Liu,Chunming Xu,Zhichang Liu
Alkylate is an ideal blending component for motor gasoline. The alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene to produce high-quality alkylate was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl 3 -based ionic liquid (IL) analogues with different structures and CuCl modification. The influences of the amide structure, amide/AlCl 3 molar ratio, and CuCl modification on the catalytic performance were investigated in an autoclave operated in semicontinuous mode. Results showed that the N -methylacetamide-AlCl 3 -based IL analogue (molar ratio of N -methylacetamide to AlCl 3 was 0.75, marked as 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 ) with bidentate coordination and low viscosity was an efficient catalyst for isobutane alkylation. Furthermore, CuCl modification further enhanced the catalytic performance of 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 . The selectivity of C8 increased from 76.18 wt% to 94.65 wt%, in which the molar ratio of trimethylpentanes to dimethylhexanes (TMPs/DMHs ratio) and the research octane number (RON) of alkylate reached up to 14.98 and 98.40, respectively. The effects of reaction conditions on the alkylation performance were investigated in an autoclave operated in batch mode. The results indicated that the alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene catalyzed by CuCl-modified 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 was a short-time and fast reaction. The optimal reaction temperature, reaction time, stirrer speed, and isobutane/2-butene molar ratio were 15 °C, 30 s, 1500 r/min, and 100:1, respectively. Under these optimal reaction conditions, the selectivity of C8, TMPs/DMHs ratio, and RON were 84.10 wt%, 14.86, and 96.54, respectively.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Zuhuan Lu,Yukun Wang,Jing Zhang,Xujianeng Du,Wenhong Sun
Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a widely used electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite detectors, and optimizing the ETL is a common strategy to enhance detector performance. However, SnO2 films prepared via solution methods exhibit numerous defects, which degrade device performance. In this study, 2-fluoroethylamine hydrochloride (2-FN), containing both fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl), was incorporated into SnO2 films. The incorporation of 2-FN effectively reduced oxygen vacancies in SnO2, passivated defects, and enhanced electrical conductivity. Additionally, the presence of 2-FN in the SnO2 film facilitated the growth and crystallization of the perovskite film, increased the size of perovskite grains, and improved crystallinity. Consequently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the perovskite detector improved from 86.92% to 91.11%. Simultaneously, the dark current density decreased from 2.47 × 10−9 to 1.26 × 10−10 A cm−2, and the linear dynamic range (LDR) increased from 93.62 to 117.85 dB. The device stability was also enhanced due to the reduction of oxygen vacancies, with the 2-FN-doped perovskite detector maintaining 72.66% of its initial EQE after 32 days in a dark environment at 25 °C and 20–30% relative humidity.
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Catalysts
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 3
·219
·
IF 4
Xuan Han,Chao Guo,Hui Wang,Weijuan Xu,Qinlian Liu,Qingshan Zhao,Mingbo Wu
Hydrogen production from water electrolysis offers a highly promising and sustainable route to solve the energy crisis. However, it is severely limited by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring on the anode. Herein, employing carbon dots functionalized with benzene sulfonate groups (BS-CDs) as a distinctive inductor, a Co(OH)2catalyst featuring abundant defects was synthesized for an enhanced OER. The highly hydrophilic nature of BS-CDs exerts a significant interfacial induction effect on the growth dynamics of Co(OH)2, fostering the formation of elevated crystal defects and a substantial quantity of oxygen vacancies. The resulting BS-CDs/Co(OH)2catalyst requires an overpotential of only 340 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2in alkaline media, demonstrating markedly improved OER activity compared to pristine Co(OH)2and N-CDs/Co(OH)2induced by amine-modified CDs. Furthermore, the structural integrity of the catalyst is maintained, with a current retention rate of 92% observed following a 20 h stability assessment. This work provides a novel approach for developing cost-effective transition metal catalysts that exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency and excellent stability for the OER.
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Nature Chemistry
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 6
·893-900
·
IF 19.2
Zhang Lei,Bai Rui,Lin Jin,Bu Jun,Liu Zhenpeng,An Siying,Wei Zhihong,Zhang Jian
Metal-free catalysts offer a desirable alternative to traditional metal-based electrocatalysts. However, metal-free catalysts, featuring defined active sites, rarely show activities as promising as metal-based materials. Here we report 2-thiolimidazole as an efficient metal-free catalyst for selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetylene into ethylene. Under alkaline conditions, the sulfhydryl and imino groups of 2-thiolimidazole are spontaneously deprotonated into dianions. Deprotonation thus enriches the negative charges of pyridinic N sites in 2-thiolimidazole to enhance the adsorption of electrophilic acetylene through the σ -configuration. Ethylene partial current densities show a volcano relationship with the negative charges of the pyridinic N sites in various imidazole derivatives. Consequently, the deprotonated 2-thiolimidazole exhibits an ethylene partial current density and faradaic efficiency competitive with metal-based catalysts like Cu and Pd. This work highlights the tunability and promising potential of metal-free molecules in electrocatalysis.
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RSC Advances
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 65
·40705-40710
·
IF 3.108
Ruizhi Pang,Kaisong Zhang
Surface modification is a common approach to improve the desalination performance of polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Nevertheless, the water flux normally decreases due to the additional hydraulic resistance of the surface modification layer. Surface grafted PA RO membrane with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine was first fabricated to improve water flux in this study. 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)morpholine was in situ grafted onto the nascent PA membrane by the reaction between the –OH group of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine and the unreacted –COCl groups of the nascent PA membrane and residual trimesoyl chloride. The surface grafted RO membranes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurement. The surface grafting conditions, including 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine dipping time, heat treatment time, and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine concentration, were optimized by characterizing the desalination performance under brackish water desalination conditions. The resulting surface grafted membrane exhibited a water flux of 125.71 L m−2 h−1 and a salt rejection of 98.6%. The surface grafted membrane surpassed the control polyamide membrane with 41.9% increase in the water flux. Our results demonstrated that surface modification by in situ grafting 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine is a promising approach to fabricate high-flux RO membranes.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Ke Ma,Meng Yin,Xiao-Xue Wang,Chen-Yu Wang,Ke-Zheng Chen,Sheng-Lin Qiao
There is an urgent need for efficient and convenient methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 as the global pandemic continues. Currently, detection of COVID-19 relies primarily on reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), a laboratory-based method that is time-consuming. To tackle this challenge, the study proposes an immediate high-throughput detection platform for SARS-CoV-2. The platform uses a gold nanoenzymatic colorimetric assay that focuses on the specific detection of 3CLpro in SARS-CoV-2. The platform has been extensively characterized for stability, sensitivity, detection range, and response time. The colorimetric detection method not only provides easy-to-read results but also allows color readings to be taken using a smartphone, with accuracy comparable to that of large instruments such as a microplate reader. The innovation of this technology lies in the ability to achieve instant high-throughput detection, which makes rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 feasible. The proposed detection platform has a wide range of potential applications, particularly in the field of virus detection, providing an efficient and reliable solution for managing current pandemics and future disease prevention and control.
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Brain Sciences
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 4
·327
·
IF 2.7
Yuhan Wu,Hui Hu,Weiwei Liu,Yun Zhao,Fang Xie,Zhaowei Sun,Ling Zhang,Huafeng Dong,Xue Wang,Lingjia Qian
Lactate has emerged as a key player in regulating neural functions and cognitive processes. Beyond its function as an energy substrate and signal molecule, recent research has revealed lactate to serve as an epigenetic regulator in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lactate regulates spatial memory and its role in the prevention of cognitive disorders remain unclear. Herein, we injected L-lactate (10 μmol/kg/d for 6 d) into the mouse’s hippocampus, followed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and molecular analyses. Improved spatial memory performances were observed in mice injected with lactate. Besides, lactate upregulated the expression of synaptic proteins post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (SYP), and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) in hippocampal tissues and HT22 cells, suggesting a potential role in synaptic transmission and memory formation. The facilitative role of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2), a neuron-specific lactate transporter, in this process was confirmed, as MCT2 antagonists attenuated the lactate-induced upregulation of synaptic proteins. Moreover, lactate induced protein lactylation, a post-translational modification, which could be suppressed by MCT2 inhibition. RNA sequencing of lactated-injected hippocampal tissues revealed a comprehensive gene expression profile influenced by lactate, with significant changes in genes associated with transcriptional progress. These data demonstrate that hippocampal lactate injection enhances spatial memory in mice, potentially through the upregulation of synaptic proteins and induction of protein lactylation, with MCT2 playing a crucial role in these processes. Our findings shed light on the multi-faceted role of lactate in neural function and memory regulation, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting cognitive disorders.
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