PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
·
2016
·
IF 4.12
Zhanjun Cheng,Qi Niu,Zhandong Wang,Hanfeng Jin,Guanyi Chen,Mingfa Yao,Lixia Wei
Depletion and overconsumption of the traditional fossil fuels necessitate the searching of renewable energies and alternative fuels . With its similar properties to those of gasoline, 2-methylfuran (MF) can be used as an alternative fuel or fuel additive directly in the engines. In this work, low-pressure laminar premixed MF/O 2 /Ar flames with equivalence ratios of 0.80, 1.00, and 1.50 were studied to investigate the flame structure of MF. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was used for the measurements of the mole fractions of the flame species. A revised MF mechanism based on that of Somers et al . was used to analyze the reaction pathways of MF, combining the formation and consumption reactions of some key species, such as 2-furylmethyl, propargyl, 1-oxo-1,3,4-pentatriene, 1-oxo-1,3-butadiene, acrolein, and methyl vinyl ketone, etc. The current mechanism may well predict the H-addition products of MF, i.e., 1-oxo-1,3-butadiene and furan, but under-estimate the H-abstraction products of MF, i.e., 2-furylmethyl and 1-oxo-1,3,4-pentatriene. As to the OH-addition products of MF, acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, the former one is over-predicted. This can be improved by addressing the effect of the MF structure on the OH-addition reactions, taking into account both formation and consumption of these two species.
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FUEL
·
2016
·
IF 3.611
Pengcheng Hu,Yadong Wang,Xianghai Meng,Rui Zhang,Haiyan Liu,Chunming Xu,Zhichang Liu
Alkylate is an ideal blending component for motor gasoline. The alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene to produce high-quality alkylate was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl 3 -based ionic liquid (IL) analogues with different structures and CuCl modification. The influences of the amide structure, amide/AlCl 3 molar ratio, and CuCl modification on the catalytic performance were investigated in an autoclave operated in semicontinuous mode. Results showed that the N -methylacetamide-AlCl 3 -based IL analogue (molar ratio of N -methylacetamide to AlCl 3 was 0.75, marked as 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 ) with bidentate coordination and low viscosity was an efficient catalyst for isobutane alkylation. Furthermore, CuCl modification further enhanced the catalytic performance of 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 . The selectivity of C8 increased from 76.18 wt% to 94.65 wt%, in which the molar ratio of trimethylpentanes to dimethylhexanes (TMPs/DMHs ratio) and the research octane number (RON) of alkylate reached up to 14.98 and 98.40, respectively. The effects of reaction conditions on the alkylation performance were investigated in an autoclave operated in batch mode. The results indicated that the alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene catalyzed by CuCl-modified 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 was a short-time and fast reaction. The optimal reaction temperature, reaction time, stirrer speed, and isobutane/2-butene molar ratio were 15 °C, 30 s, 1500 r/min, and 100:1, respectively. Under these optimal reaction conditions, the selectivity of C8, TMPs/DMHs ratio, and RON were 84.10 wt%, 14.86, and 96.54, respectively.
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RSC Advances
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 11
·6447-6456
·
IF 3.108
Jinli Zhang,Kaige Gao,Suli Wang,Wei Li,You Han
A series of bimetallic PdRu catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and were assessed in the 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation process. It is found that the addition of Ru to Pd can improve the catalyst's activity and maintain high selectivity at the same time for 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation. Several analysis techniques including N2 adsorption–desorption, ICP-AES, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, H2-TPD and XPS were adopted for characterizing the structural and electronic properties of the samples. It is revealed that PdRu bimetallic system shows stronger hydrogen desorption behavior in contrast to the monometallic catalysts. In addition, the higher fraction of Pd2+ and the presence of Ru4+ in the PdRu system may act as the electrophilic sites for the adsorption and activation of the CO of the 2-ethylanthraquinone molecule through the lone electron pair of the oxygen atom. These factors may be attributed to the superior performance of PdRu bimetallic samples for 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation.
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CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.947
Yu-Tao Zheng,Teng-Teng Zhang,Pei-Yi Wang,Zhi-Bing Wu,Lei Zhou,Yi-Qiang Ye,Xiang Zhou,Ming He,Song Yang
By introducing the pyrazole moiety into the 5-position of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, a series of novel 2-(thioether/sulfone)-5-pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized. Preliminary bioassays suggested that target compounds exhibited appreciable activity against pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) and five phytopathogenic fungi in vitro . Among them, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 6c , 7a , 7b and 7c against Xoo were within 16.6 μg/mL and 65.7 μg/mL, which were better than those of commercial agricultural antibacterial bismerthiazol (92.6 μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (121.8 μg/mL). While compounds 7a , 7b , and 7c exerted comprehensive antifungal activity toward five plant fungi, which were comparable with that of hymexazol. The results demonstrated that this kind of compounds can be further studied and developed as promising antifungal and antibacterial agents.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2017
·
IF 1.174
Weifeng Xu,Guilin Dai,Kewen Tang,Panliang Zhang,Biquan Xiong,Yu Liu
The utilization of liquid–liquid extraction for the separation of 2-phenylbutyric acid (2-PBA) enantiomers was proposed. Factors affecting the extract process were investigated, including organic solvents, β-cyclodextrin derivatives, cyclodextrin concentration, pH and temperature. A model was proposed to describe the separation process based on the homogeneous phase reaction mechanism. Important parameters of this model were determined experimentally. The physical distribution coefficients for molecular and ionic 2-PBA were 0.129 and 7.455, respectively. The equilibrium constants of the complexation reactions were 89.36 and 36.78 L·mol − 1 for (+)− and (−)-2-PBA, respectively. The model was verified by experiments and proved to be an excellent means to optimize the separation system. Through modeling prediction and experiment, the best conditions ( e.g. , pH value of 3.00, extractant concentration of 0.1 mol·L − 1 , temperature of 5.0 °C) were acquired. Under this condition, the maximum enantioselectivity (2.096) was obtained.
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ENERGY & FUELS
·
2017
·
IF 3.091
Xiaocai Meng,Jianying Wang,Haichao Jiang,Xinle Shi,Yongqi Hu
A functional 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole alanine ([Emim][Ala]) ionic liquid was synthesized. Its density, viscosity, and surface tension were measured at the temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15 K at atmosphere pressure. The solubility of SO2 in pure [Emim][Ala] ionic liquid and the binary mixture of [Emim][Ala] and water was also investigated. The absorption\desorption mechanism of SO2 was proposed on the basis of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that SO2 was captured as ammonia sulfonic acid ester by pure [Emim][Ala], while for the binary mixture of [Emim][Ala] and water, the final product of SO2 absorption is alanine and [Emim]+[HSO3]−/[Emim]+2[SO3]2–.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 76
·61742-61751
·
IF 3.84
Li Qun Xu,Ning Ning Li,Jiu Cun Chen,Guo Dong Fu,En-Tang Kang
Polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been widely studied for their antimicrobial activities. However, most of them were evaluated and used in solution form, which may limit their other applications, in medical and wound care and surface biofouling prevention. The development of antibacterial agents for use both in solution and in surface biofouling prevention are highly interesting and desirable. In this work, quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-grafted agarose (Agr-g-QPDMAEMA) copolymers were synthesized via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and quaternization of tertiary amine moieties. The resulting Agr-g-QPDMAEMA copolymers can be dissolved in aqueous media at low concentrations to evaluate their antibacterial activity in the solution form. They can also be gelated as hydrogels on substrate surfaces to inhibit bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and bacterial colonization. The Agr-g-QPDMAEMA copolymer hydrogels can be further fabricated into antibacterial patches to inhibit the bacteria growth on the contaminated surfaces.
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DESIGNED MONOMERS AND POLYMERS
·
2015
·
IF 2.78
Nian Deng,Xufeng Ni,Zhiquan Shen
Poly (diethyl vinylphosphonate-co-2-chloroethyl methacrylate) (P(DEVP-co-CEMA)) copolymers are synthesized by free radical copolymerization initiated by benzoyl peroxide. The reactivity ratios for the free radical copolymerization of CEMA (M1) and DEVP (M2) are r1 = 19.45 and r2 = 0.11, respectively. The desired amphiphilic copolymers with relatively low polydispersity index (PDI) and different DEVP contents are isolated and purified from the reaction mixtures through precipitation fractionation. The structures and molecular characteristics of the obtained products are characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and SEC analysis. All of these fractionated copolymers have a unimodal distribution and moderate PDI. The thermal properties of the P(DEVP-co-CEMA) copolymers are investigated by TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Single glass transition temperature (Tg) appears in the DSC profiles differing from the existence of two Tgs in the blend of poly (diethyl vinylphosphonate) and poly (2-chloroethyl methacrylate), which indicates the random structure of the copolymers. The MALDI–ToF mass analysis further reveals that DEVP and CEMA units are randomly distributed in the copolymer chains. The self-assembly behavior of the P(DEVP-co-CEMA) copolymers in aqueous solution is preliminarily investigated.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2013
·Vol. 40
·期 8
·2945-2952
·
IF 0.88
Meng Xiangang,An Lizhe,Li Baiyu
Two new iridium(III) complexes containing benzothiazol-2-yl carbazole derivative as a cyclometalated ligand (L) and picolinate (pic) or acetylacetonate (acac) as the ancillary ligand, Ir(III) bis(3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-9-butyl-carbazole)(picolinate) [Ir(L) 2 (pic)] and Ir(III) bis(3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-9-butyl-carbazole)(acetylacetonate) [Ir(L) 2 (acac)], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H NMR, FT-IR, and UV–Vis absorption spectra. Both the iridium(III) complexes emit intense green–yellow emissions, indicating that they are useful for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2012
·Vol. 1
·期 7
·978-986
·
IF 0
Jintang Zhu,Jianwu Wang,Qianyun Liu,Yahui Liu,Lei Wang,Changcheng He,Huiliang Wang
This work reports a novel method for fabricating anisotropic hydrogels starting from monomers by combining directional freezing and redox polymerization (DFRP), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels with anisotropic porous structures and mechanical properties are obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations show that the hydrogels have long and wide (up to several tens of micrometers) aligned channels in the direction parallel to the freezing direction, and pores in the perpendicular direction. The sizes of the channels and pores decrease with increasing freezing rate. Tensile, compressive and tearing tests show that the hydrogels (70 wt% water content) show very good mechanical properties, with tensile strength up to 0.44 MPa, compressive strength more than 20 MPa, and fracture energy up to 1000 J m−2. More importantly, the hydrogels exhibit significant anisotropy in their mechanical properties, which are better in the parallel direction. The hydrogels also show different swelling behaviour in comparison with conventional synthetic hydrogels. The anisotropic tough PHEMA hydrogels may find further application.
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PubMed
SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART
·
2014
·Vol. 46
·期 05
·621-628
·
IF 2.443
Shengrong Liao,Chun Qin,Peifen Yao,Jinsheng Li,Xuefeng Zhou,Junfeng Wang,Zhishu Huang,Yonghong Liu
A facile and efficient synthesis of novel seven-membered heterocyclic derivatives containing 3-aminoazepan-2-one backbone is described using 1,4-protected piperazine-2,5-diones and alkynes as starting materials. The reaction may undergo Michael addition, unusual nucleophilic attack to an amide group, and keto–enol tautomerization. The reaction showed different reactivity when using substrates with different protecting groups: it had higher efficiency when using either alkanoyl-protecting group with cesium carbonate as the base, or benzoyl-protecting group with triethylamine as the base, but no reaction when using benzyl or allyl protecting groups with a variety of bases (Et3N, DBU, K2CO3, Cs2CO3, KHCO3, CsHCO3, and KOt-Bu).
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2014
·
IF 3.84
Wangyao Zhang,Yang Yang,Fenfen Li,Guosheng Song,Yong Shao,Ruizhuo Ouyang,Lina Xu,Weiwei Li,Yuqing Miao
A simple one-step method was successfully developed to prepare stable nanosized Ni(OH) 2 @Cr(OH) 3 hybrid particles by just adding NaOH to a mix solution containing Ni(NO 3 ) 2 and Cr(NO 3 ) 3 at room temperature. In contrast, under the exact same conditions, flocculent Ni(OH) 2 or Cr(OH) 3 precipitate was obtained after the addition of equivalent NaOH in a solution containing same amount of Ni(NO 3 ) 2 or Cr(NO 3 ) 3 as in the mix solution. The interaction between Ni(II) and Cr(III) ions was believed to make major contribution to the formation of stable Ni(OH) 2 @Cr(OH) 3 nanohybrid without aggregation to large-size particles. The prepared Ni(OH) 2 @Cr(OH) 3 hybrid nanoparticles were well characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical measurements with results showing uniform size, smooth surface, good monodispersibility, fast electron transfer rate as well as promising electrocatalytic properties toward glucose (Glu) and cysteine (Cys) oxidation. The presence of a small amount of Cr(OH) 3 in the composite not only improved the stability and monodispersibility of the Ni(OH) 2 @Cr(OH) 3 hybrid particles, decreased their size to nanoscale, but also exerted positive effect to the electrochemical properties of the obtained Ni(OH) 2 based nanomaterials like the electron transfer rate and the electrocatalytic activity. Satisfactory electrocatalytic performances of the Ni(OH) 2 @Cr(OH) 3 nanohybrid toward Glu and Cys oxidations were achieved, respectively, in certain concentration ranges with acceptable detection limits and correlation coefficients, suggesting the potential facilitation of electrocatalysis toward other small molecules by the newly prepared Ni(OH) 2 @Cr(OH) 3 nanohybrid.
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