Materials Today Nano
·
2023
·
IF 10.3
X. Yu,H. Lai,R. Wang,D. Zhang,Z. Cheng,L. Jiang
Superhydrophobic surfaces with smart adhesion has aroused increased interest. However, all reported surfaces can only display switchable adhesion in air. Herein, we report a fluoroalkylsilane-modified TiO 2 nanotube surface that has switchable adhesion in both air and oil as it is alternately Ultraviolet-irradiated and heated. The transition is not synchronous; a longer Ultraviolet-irradiation time is needed to obtain high adhesion in oil than in air, and the transition is more difficult in polar oil than in non-polar oil. The reversible transition attributes to the combined effect between the nanostructure and surface chemical variation, the out-of-step transition is attributed to different roles of the exposed naked TiO 2 , which offers water-adhesive force in air and oil-adhesive/water-repellent force in oil. This works reveals the effect of environmental media on surface-wetting/adhesion transition, which is helpful for design of novel adhesive surfaces to meet practical requirements.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Yue Liu,Dianlong Ge,Jijuan Zhou,Yajing Chu,Xiangxue Zheng,Li Ke,Pan Li,Yan Lu,Xue Zou,Lei Xia,Yawei Liu,Chaoqun Huang,Chengyin Shen,Yannan Chu
The investigation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human metabolites has been a topic of interest as it holds the potential for the development of non-invasive technologies to screen for organ lesions in vivo. However, it remains unclear whether VOCs differ among healthy organs. Consequently, a study was conducted to analyze VOCs in ex vivo organ tissues obtained from 16 Wistar rats, comprising 12 different organs. The VOCs released from each organ tissue were detected by the headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. In the untargeted analysis of 147 chromatographic peaks, the differential volatiles of rat organs were explored based on the Mann–Whitney U test and fold change (FC > 2.0) compared with other organs. It was found that there were differential VOCs in seven organs. A discussion on the possible metabolic pathways and related biomarkers of organ differential VOCs was conducted. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve, we found that differential VOCs in the liver, cecum, spleen, and kidney can be used as the unique identification of the corresponding organ. In this study, differential VOCs of organs in rats were systematically reported for the first time. Profiles of VOCs produced by healthy organs can serve as a reference or baseline that may indicate the presence of disease or abnormalities in the organ’s function. Differential VOCs can be used as the fingerprint of organs, and future integration with metabolic research may contribute to the development of healthcare.
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FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.3
Zhengchao Shen,Kexin Tian,Muhammad Mujahid Ali,Sifan Mei,Xin Ma,Jiang Liang,Feng Pan,Jianwen Li,Haixia Sui,Zhenxia Du
3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters (GEs) are food contaminants and have arisen continuous attention due to their toxicity, especially towards infants. Current risk assessment of these contaminants was mostly employing deterministic approaches, lacking quantitative characterization of the likelihood, incidence, or severity of the risks involved. Herein, 3-MCPDE and GE levels in 46 representative infant formulas (IFs) from Chinese market were determined by GC-MS/MS. Then, combining the occurrence data and consumption data from China National Food Consumption Survey, the Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic model for risk assessment of 3-MCPDEs and GEs in IFs from Chinese market was established. The results showed that all P90 (90th percentiles) hazard quotient values were below 1, demonstrating 3-MCPDEs didn't pose health risks to most populations aged 0–36 months old. However, for 0–12 months old groups, P10 (10th percentiles) margin of exposure values were all below 25000, indicating GEs may pose potential risks to 10% of this group. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the probabilistic model had considered uncertainties of model input and distribution, and realized refined assessment. This study is the first report on probabilistic assessment of 3-MCPDEs and GEs in IFs, which also provided references for the formulation of related regulatory limits in China.
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JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
·
2023
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IF 3.1
Kuanrong Zhai,Bingjian Zhang,Longguan Zhu
To improve the performance of lime mortar, ancient craftsmen often added various additives to mortars, including inorganic and organic materials. The analysis of mortar additives plays an important role in the conservation and restoration of historical buildings. However, it is quite difficult to accurately identify the species of additives. This paper proposed a series of semi-quantitative analytical procedures to identify the organic additives in ancient lime mortars. By using reagents such as phenolphthalein, periodic acid, acetylacetone, anthrone, bicinchoninic acid (BCA), iodine-potassium iodide, chloramine T, etc., organic additives such as triglyceride, soluble sugar, starch, and protein (including blood, gelatine, and other unknown proteins) remaining in ancient lime mortar were accurately detected, respectively. The linear relationship of the standard curve was significant, and the detection limits for the target additives were below 7 µg/mL. The process is easy to operate within 6 h, and it is suitable for rapid in-situ testing.
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COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 13.1
Li Zhang,Qian Zhang,Weihong Cao,Zhenghong Guo,Zhengping Fang,Juan Li,Peng Chen
A phosphorous-silicon (SiP) precursor was synthesized using p-phthalaldehyde, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenantrene-10-oxide. The SiP was used to fabricate a phosphorous-silicon hybrid microsphere (SiP-M) via the sol-gel method. The SiP-M was employed to enhance the flame retardancy of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The results indicate that PBAT containing 0.1 wt% of SiP-M displays a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26.5 vol%. Meanwhile, PBAT containing 1.0 wt% SiP-M exhibits a UL-94 V0 rating and a LOI value of 29.8 vol%, and some reductions in peak heat release rate , total heat release, and total smoke production. The SiP-M functions in both the gas phase and condense phase in the PBAT blend, and the former is predominant. In addition, a coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the interface adhesion between PBAT and SiP-M. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of PBAT blends are enhanced by an appropriate amount of KH560. This work provides an efficient method for preparing flame-retardant PBAT without deteriorating its mechanical properties .
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2022
·
IF 4.601
Ziqi Sun,Meiling Qi
This work presents the investigation of a novel CO 2 -based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer, namely poly(propylene ether-carbonate)diol (PPCD), for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. The PPCD column exhibited column efficiency of 4000 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 ℃ with the retention factor 6.23. Its separation performance was investigated by adopting a wide variety of analytes and isomers, including the isomer mixtures of alkanes, substituted benzene isomers with diverse groups, phenols and anilines, and the mixtures of organic solvents of high volatility, aliphatic amines and N-heterocycles. As a result, the PPCD column displayed distinctly higher resolving capability than the commercial columns described herein and achieved high column inertness towards acidic/basic analytes without involving any deactivation procedure. Additionally, it displayed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values less than 0.01% for within-day and in the range of 0.26% – 0.36% for between-day and 3.0% – 4.1% for between-column ( n = 4). Further, the PPCD column (30 m) was used to GC–MS analysis of the lemongrass essential oil and resolved more components well than the indicated commercial columns, evidencing its outstanding separation performance for analyses of complex samples. Up to date, the CO 2 -based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers are not reported in the field of chromatography. This work demonstrates their promising future as a new type of selective and inert stationary phases for practical GC analyses.
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FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Yang Liu,Xiaobei Cheng,Yuchen Ya,Bowen Wang,Pu Zhang,Kai Zhang,Yishu Xu
PODE 3 , with the molecular formula of CH 3 O(CH 2 O) 3 CH 3 , is considered a highly competitive alternative fuel due to the absence of C C bond and its high oxygen content, and have been shown to significantly reduce soot emission when applied as a diesel fuel additive. However, the effect of PODE 3 addition on the oxidation reactivity of soot generated in the flame remains unclear which is of great importance for the optimal design of the post-treatment devices during its application. In this work, the impact of PODE 3 (0 %, 10 %, and 20 % by volumetric fraction) addition on the oxidation reactivity of soot at different maturity and oxidation degrees in n -heptane/toluene co-flow diffusion flames was specially investigated combining information on thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that PODE 3 substitution significantly shrank soot generation region, and increased the flame temperatures before height above burner (HAB) < 45 mm. The addition of PODE 3 improved the soot oxidation reactivity, which had a strong ability to hinder the growth of the microcrystalline carbon layers and resulted in a high content of amorphous carbon in soot particles. Specifically, it had more significant impacts on the soot in the oxidation stage than the surface growth stage. These can be explained that with PODE 3 addition, on the one hand, the “reliable carbon atom” for soot formation is significantly reduced and the amount of oxidizing species is increased, resulting in a smaller particle size and a higher content of disordered and amorphous carbon in soot particles. On the other hand, the flame temperatures increased where HAB < 45 mm, which would promote the soot formation reactions. The combined effects of these factors make PODE 3 have more significant inhibitory impacts in reactivity of soot sampled at oxidation stage than that at surface growth stage. Therefore, the impact of PODE 3 addition on soot nanostructures and oxidation reactivity is not only reflected in its chemical effect but also in temperature effect.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2022
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IF 3.898
Yingxi Gao,Jiayi Shi,Jie Wang,Fan Zhang,Shichao Tian,Zhiyong Zhou,Zhongqi Ren
Nervonic acid is the world's first and only potent substance that can repair damaged nerve fibers and promote nerve cell regeneration with high nutritional value. The wide variety of fatty acids in plant oils and fats with similar structures makes the large-scale separation and purification of high-purity nervonic acid very difficult. A new combined process of molecular distillation, urea inclusion and solvent crystallization was established to prepare high-purity nervonic acid with the mixed fatty acids obtained after saponification and acidification of Acer truncatum Bunge oil as raw materials. First, according to the difference in the mean free path of fatty acids, molecular distillation was used to separate and remove C16 saturated fatty acid of palmitic acid and four C18–C20 fatty acids of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The content of C16–C20 fatty acids decreased from 72.92% to 19.22% after two-stage molecular distillation processes, in which the contents of saturated fatty acid of palmitic acid decreased to about 0.5%. Then, according to the difference in carbon chain length and saturation of fatty acid, the contents of C22–C24 saturated fatty acids of tetracosanoic and docosanoic acids decreased to 0.21% and 0.07% by urea inclusion with urea/free fatty acid preparation by saponification (SPOMFs) ratio as 0.6. In addition, all saturated fatty acids were basically separated. Finally, according to the difference in the solubility of fatty acids in solvents, the C18–C20 unsaturated fatty acids of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and C22 unsaturated fatty acid of erucic acid were removed by solvent crystallization. The content of C18–C20 unsaturated fatty acids decreased to less than 5% with pentanol as the solvent after the first stage solvent crystallization. The content of erucic acid decreased to 3.47% with anhydrous ethanol as the solvent after the second to fifth stage solvent crystallization. The combined process of molecular distillation, urea inclusion and low temperature crystallization innovatively adopted an efficient, simple and easy-to-industrial solvent crystallization method to separate erucic and nervonic acids, obtaining nervonic acid with purity of 96.53% and final yield of 47.99%.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 57
·期 36
·17481-17490
·
IF 4.682
Mo Peicheng,Chen Jiarong,Chen Chao,Hu Qiaofan,Pan Xiaoyi,Xiao Leyin,Lin Feng
Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) was synthesized at high temperature and ultra-high pressure, using cBN, TiN, AlN and Ti as starting materials. The effects of CBN content (48–63 wt%) and sintering temperature (1300–1600 °C) on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of PCBN materials were studied. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the phase composition, microstructure and surface crack morphology of PCBN. At the same time, the compactness, microhardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength of PCBN were tested. Research shows that the phase components of PCBN samples are mainly composed of BN, TiB 2 , TiN and AlN. Almost all Ti reacts with cBN during the sintering process to form TiN and TiB 2 phases. When the sintering temperature is 1500 °C, the reaction has been fully completed. When the cBN content increases from 48 to 63 wt%, the relative density, flexural strength and hardness of PCBN increase with the increase in cBN content. When sintered at 1500 °C and the cBN content is 63 wt%, the relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness and microhardness of the composite are 99%, 820.8 MPa, 6.6 MPa.m 1/2 and 3362 Hv, respectively.
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LANGMUIR
·
2022
·
IF 4.331
Muhammad Imran Jamil,Tao Qian,Waqar Ahmed,Xiaoli Zhan,Fengqiu Chen,Dangguo Cheng,Qinghua Zhang
Clathrate hydrate growth, deposition, and plug formation during oil and gas transportation causes blockage of pipelines. An effective strategy to solve this problem is to mitigate the hydrate formation and reduce its adhesion on pipe walls through a coating process. However, durability failure, corrosion, inability to self-heal, high cost, and strong hydrate adhesion remain unsolved issues. To address these challenges, in this work, we present an in situ self-replenishing nonfluorinated durable hydrate-phobic coating of candle soot particles. The candle soot coating reduces hydrate adhesion by promoting a thick barrier film of hydrocarbons between the hydrate and the soot coated substrate. The hydrocarbons permeating the soot coating display a high contact angle for water and inhibit the formation of water bridges between the hydrate and soot coated substrate. The spherical cyclopentane hydrate slides off easily on the candle soot coating inside the cyclopentane environment. The hydrate former, cyclopentane–water emulsion, and THF–water mixture have high contact angles as well as low hydrate adhesion on soot coating simultaneously. In addition, the coating is flow-induced long-term slippery, durable, low cost, anticorrosion, self-cleaning, and suitable for practical applications.
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DESALINATION
·
2022
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IF 11.211
Jiawei Liu,Zhen Wang,Wenwen Li,Xuliang Wang,Yanlei Su
A noticeable improvement of nanofiltration (NF) membranes with high separation performance for desalination was reported in this work. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) enhanced polyamide (PA) composite membranes (GPA) were composed of porous substrates and nanofilms The nanofilms as separation layers were fabricated by the support-free interfacial polymerization and possessed ultrathin thickness below 8.0 nm. GQDs-PA interface channels and GQDs-GQDs interface channels gradually generated and penetrated the PA functional layer, resulting in a dramatic permeance increase of GPA membranes. The GPA membranes were creatively modified with arginine (Arg) to improve hydrophilicity and narrow the water channels. The Arg-GPA NF membranes under optimized preparation exhibited exceedingly high permeance of 40.3 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 with Na 2 SO 4 rejection rate of 99.7 %, and 60.7 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 with Na 2 SO 4 rejection rate of 99.4 %. This synergistic strategy of GQDs regulation on PA nanofilm structure and Arg post-treatment modification may provide a reliable and efficient technique for the design of NF membranes.
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Small
·
2022
·Vol. 18
·期 51
·2205301
·
IF 15.153
Jiasheng Rong,Jianxin Zhou,Yucheng Zhou,Cong Hu,Luxian Li,Wanlin Guo
Flexible intelligent materials are desired to effectively regulate their own deformation and accurately sense their immediate morphology at the same time. Graphene foam is an attractive material for strain sensing and electrical/thermal performance control due to its outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, graphene-foam-based materials with both strain sensing and deformation control capabilities are rarely reported. Here, a multiscale design of graphene foam with a single-layer-graphene-dominated microstructure and resilient 3D network architecture, which leads to exceptional strain sensing performance as well as modulation ability of the electrical and thermal conductivity for shape memory polymers, is reported. The graphene foams exhibit a strain detection limit of 0.033%, a rapid response of 53 ms, long-term stability over 10 000 cycles, significant thermoacoustic effect, and great heat-generation and heat-diffusion ability. By combining these advantages, an electro-activated shape-memory composite that is capable of monitoring its own shape state during its morphing process, is demonstrated.
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