RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 14
·8559-8568
·
IF 4.036
Wei-Hua Xu,Shi-Jing Yan,Jian-Qing Zhao
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and a highly effective 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based flame retardant co-curing agent (D-bp) were chemically introduced into the 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy system to create organic–inorganic hybrid epoxy composites with simultaneously improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The results revealed that POSS/D-bp/DGEBA hybrid composites exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, in which the V-0 criterion of the UL-94 test was passed and the peak of heat release rate (P-HRR) was significantly decreased from 939 to 371 kW m−2 when the phosphorus content was only 0.25 wt%. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased by 16.2 °C and obvious improvement in the mechanical properties was also evidenced.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Kaihao Wang,Qu Wang,Tong Wang,Li Wang,Dong Chen,Wantai Yang
Although 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives have been widely utilized as flame retardants in epoxy resin (EP), achieving multifunctionality in EP composites remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel “structure–interface–function” design strategy is proposed. We report for the first time the preparation of DOPO-based hollow microspheres FADM through self-stabilized precipitation copolymerization of DOPO-containing monomer, divinylbenzene, and maleic anhydride. Benefiting from elaborate molecular design, FADM exhibited superior flame retardancy and excellent interfacial compatibility. By incorporating merely 4 wt% of FADM, the EP composites exhibited a limiting oxygen index of 34.9 % and successfully attained a UL-94 V-0 rating. Moreover, the EP/FADM composites exhibited a 22.6 % reduction in total heat release and a 36.0 % decrease in smoke production rate. Most importantly, the anhydride groups present on the surface of FADM actively participate in the curing process of EP resin, thus enhancing interfacial compatibility. The unique hollow structure endowed FADM with outstanding energy absorption capacity, resulting in a 50 % increase in impact strength of the EP/FADM composites through crack deflection mechanism. Furthermore, the EP/FADM composites exhibited low dielectric properties and good transparency due to well-dispersed FADM with hollow structure in EP matrix. This “structure–interface–function” strategy presents a new design concept to construct multifunctional EP systems with superior properties for electronic packaging and aerospace.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
火灾安全工程
·
电子封装
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航空航天材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.045
Yongzhen Wang,Yanchao Yuan,Ying Zhao,Shumei Liu,Jianqing Zhao
A halogen-free flame retardant of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-containing H-benzimidazole (DHBI) was synthesized and subsequently used as co-curing agent of 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. The structure of DHBI was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton, carbon 13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. A series of cured epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared and their flame retardancy, thermal stability, flexibility, and dielectric properties were investigated. The resulting cured EP (EP-10) with 7.45 wt% of DHBI successfully achieved UL 94 V-0 rate with limited oxygen index of 35.6% and without dropping phenomenon. Compared with the cured pristine EP (EP-00), the glass transition temperature of EP-10 was increased by 6.9°C, accompanied with an enhancement of flexible strength by 13.1 MPa and a decrement of dielectric constant by 0.3 at the testing frequency of 1 MHz.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2020
·
IF 7.635
Jingkai Liu,Jinyue Dai,Shuaipeng Wang,Yunyan Peng,Lijun Cao,Xiaoqing Liu
With the purpose to obtain an eco-friendly flame retardant for epoxy resin, a facile method for the synthesis of a bio-based epoxy monomer containing DOPO units (DGEBDB) from lignin-derived vanillin and guaiacol, was presented in this work. During the synthesis process, guaiacol acted as both reactant and solvent. And it could be recycled in situ and re-used as the fresh one. In order to evaluate the flame retardancy of DGEBDB, it was mixed with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cured with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). Results showed that, DGEBDB demonstrated a good compatibility with DGEBA, and the mechanical properties of cured resins were obviously improved with the addition of DGEBDB. As expected, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of cured resin reached 30.2% with the content of phosphorus only 0.67 wt%, in which the weight ratio between DGEBDB and DGEBA was 1:9 (B1D9/DDM). When the weight ratio of DGEBDB to DGEBA was further increased to 2:8 for the B2D8/DDM system, the UL-94 V-0 grade was achieved. Meanwhile, the mechanism of DGEBDB in improving the flame retardancy of cured resin was discussed and revealed. This easily available and eco-friendly DGEBDB was proved to be a highly efficient reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 2.455
Huizhen Ke,Qin Fang,Yitong Han,Huanda Zheng,Laijiu Zheng,Yuanyuan Dong
Traditional water-based flame-retardant finishing causes serious pollution due to the use of a large number of chemicals, and color change is easily generated since the flame-retardant finishing takes place after the cotton dyeing. An eco-friendly flame-retardant finishing of dyed cotton was explored using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), 2,2′-oxybis-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2,-dioxaphosphorinane-2,2′-disulfide) (5060), SiO2, DOPO/SiO2 (1:1), 5060/SiO2 (1:1) and DOPO/5060 (1:1) in supercritical CO2. The effects of finishing time and pressure as well as temperature on the flame-retarding properties of the cotton were discussed. As expected, samples with the higher weight gain rates exhibit a lower after-flame time as well as after-glow time. In different flame-retardant systems, cotton fabric finished with DOPO presents the lowest after-flame time of 20.6 s and after-glow time of 0 s at 130°C, 22 MPa and 120 min due to its biphenyl ring and O=P-O bond. Moreover, tiny fluctuations of L*, a*, b* and K/S values occurred from 32.10 to 34.24, 5.78 to 6.05, –37.89 to –37.64 and 10.59 to 10.81 when the cotton samples were treated with DOPO, 5060, SiO2, DOPO/SiO2 (1:1), 5060/SiO2 (1:1) and DOPO/5060 (1:1), proving that no significant negative role in the color property of the samples occurs after supercritical CO2 finishing.
研究领域:
纺织科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2021
·
IF 4.282
Xuechao Wang,Haibing Wei,Hongmei Xu,Xueliang Li,Guobing Zhang,Sheng Cheng,Chenxi Wang,Gang Ruan,Yiyang Zhou,Yunsheng Ding
A repellent for rats named DC has been successfully synthesized from natural capsaicin and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) via a one-pot procedure. The chemical structure of obtained DC is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Then DC was incorporated into ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) by blending, to endow EVA with rat proof property and present the advantage of non-lethal. The influence of DC on the structure and properties of EVA is investigated systematically by theoretical calculations and various measurements. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals that the incorporation of 4 wt% DC into EVA can significantly enhance the char residue yield from 2.80 wt% to 6.84 wt%. In addition, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the char residues analysis suggest that DC could facilitate the formation of char layers, resulting in the improvement of synergistic flame retardancy for EVA/DC compounds. This work provided novel insights into the preparation of highly efficient non-lethal repellent for rats and its potential application for polymer materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学合成
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·245
·
IF 4.967
Yong Sun,Yongli Peng,Yajiao Zhang
In this work, a flame retardant curing agent (DOPO-MAC) composed of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide DOPO and methyl acrylamide (MAC) was synthesized successfully, and the structure of the compound was characterized by FT-IR and1H-NMR. The non-isothermal kinetics of the epoxy resin/DOPO-MAC system with 1% phosphorus was studied by non-isothermal DSC method. The activation energy of the reaction (Ea), about 46 kJ/mol, was calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa method, indicating that the curing reaction was easy to carry out. The flame retardancy of the epoxy resin system was analyzed by vertical combustion test (UL94) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. The results showed that epoxy resin (EP) with 1% phosphorus successfully passed a UL-94 V-0 rating, and the LOI value increased along with the increasing of phosphorus content. It confirmed that DOPO-MAC possessed excellent flame retardance and higher curing reactivity. Moreover, the thermal stability of EP materials was also investigated by TGA. With the DOPO-MAC added, the residual mass of EP materials increased remarkably although the initial decomposition temperature decreased slightly.Keywords:DOPO;flame retardant;curing agent;epoxy resin
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM
·
2019
·
IF 0
Yong Li Peng,Can Zhang,Ni An Zhuo
Using 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10 oxide (DOPO) and N-methylol acrylamide as the main raw materials, the curing agent DOPO-NMA was synthesized. The flame retardant curing agent DOPO-NMA and E-51 epoxy resin (EP) were then cured to obtain epoxy resin E-51 system, and its flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that the tensile, bending and impact strength of the cured system decreased with the increase of phosphorus mass fraction in the resin system, and the flame retardancy rating, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and char yield at 700°C increased with the increase of phosphorus mass fraction in the resin system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 1.551
Miao-Jun Xu,Hai-Chao Liu,Kun Ma,Bin Li,Zhi-Yong Zhang
A novel flame-retardant chain extension agent (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide)-3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate defined as DOPO-TGIC was synthesized, and its chemical structure was well characterized and confirmed. The effect of DOPO-TGIC as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy, rheology, thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/aluminum diethylphosphinate (PA6/AlPi) composites were investigated in details. The results demonstrated that PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites (1.6 mm) successfully passed UL-94 V-0 rating with the limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% when the total loading amount of AlPi/DOPO-TGIC was 10 wt%. In order to achieve the equal flame-retardant level, the individual AlPi was required 14 wt%. The incorporated DOPO-TGIC improved the complex viscosity of PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites due to the chain extending reaction between epoxide groups in DOPO-TGIC and the terminal groups of PA6 matrix. The mechanical performance of PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites was also improved compared with that of PA6/AlPi composites. DOPO-TGIC stimulated to the formation of more sufficient and compact char layer during combustion. The higher melt viscosity and compact char layer of PA6 composites effectively constrained the volatilization of flammable gases, thus the heat release was reduced. Consequently, the introduction of DOPO-TGIC simultaneously enhanced the flame retardant and mechanical properties of PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites compared with that of PA6/AlPi composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E206–E215, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2021
·
IF 2.161
Xiao Han,Rui Chen,Mei Yang,Chuanbo Sun,Kun Wang,Yinsong Wang
We successfully prepared a highly effective flame-retardant additive called hsalbenzoguanamine phosphaphenanthrene (HDPD) through salicylaldehyde and nitrogen-rich benzoguanamine. The introduction of HDPD into epoxy resin (EP) sharply enhanced the flame retardancy of EP/HDPD thermosets. The introduction of 6 wt% HDPD into EP succeeded in reaching the V-0 rating. Limited oxygen index results revealed the high flame-retarding performance of HDPD. Cone calorimeter test data revealed that heat and smoke released from EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset were significantly restrained. In addition, EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset demonstrated excellent transmittance and mechanical strength. The transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD was assessed from 520 to 800 nm. The results showed that transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD were nearly 90% of the control group.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FIRE AND MATERIALS
·
2019
·Vol. 43
·期 7
·892-902
·
IF 1.173
Zhenqian Wei,Xintao Gu,Jun Wu,Min Wei,Qing Yu,Tian Xiujuan,Zhongwei Wang
Summary By curing the reaction mixture of diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, flame-retardant epoxy resins (EP/DPO) were prepared. Flame-retardant epoxy resins modified with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were similarly prepared (denoted as EP/DOPO). The limiting oxygen index value of pure epoxy resin, EP/DPO–P-0.9 (with a phosphorus content of 0.9 wt%), and EP/DOPO–P-0.9 are 23.0, 30.5, and 29.4%, respectively. EP/DPO–P-0.9 reached a UL-94 vertical burning test V-0 rating, while EP/DOPO–P-0.9 failed. The results of the cone calorimetry test, thermo-oxidative degradation behavior study, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that both flame retardants mainly act through the gas-phase activity mechanism. Together, the results of this study suggest that EP/DPO are high performance resins with good thermal stability, high glass transition temperature, and low water absorptivity for practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Yao Deng,Ying-Ming Li,Wen-Juan Hu,Hang-Ping Fang,De-Yi Wang
Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), widely utilized as a thermal insulation material, presents considerable fire safety concerns. The combustion of RPUF generates significant heat, which poses serious risks to both human health and the environment. In an effort to improve the flame retardancy of RPUF while preserving its thermal insulation and compressive properties, this research introduced a novel flame retardant, DOPO-AZ, synthesized from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and 2-aminothiazole (AZ). The incorporation of 17 wt% DOPO-AZ into RPUF resulted in the composite achieving a UL-94 V-0 classification, with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increasing from 19.5 % to 24 %, and a reduction of 27.9 % in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) compared to pure RPUF. This study successfully enhanced flame retardancy while maintaining the thermal conductivity of RPUF at 0.034 W/(m·K), comparable to that of pure RPUF, and significantly improved its compressive strength by 25.8 %. The synergistic flame-retardant mechanisms of the RPUF/DOPO-AZ 17 composite in both condensed and gas phases were elucidated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the future design of more effective flame-retardant systems.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）