Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2026
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IF 6.6
Siyuan Jiang,Ziquan Liu,Ruibao Jia,Baozhen Liu,Guilin He,Zhenqi Du,Yonglei Wang
Effective removal of typical compounds like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is crucial for drinking water safety. Foam fractionation shows promise for PFAS removal, but its efficacy is limited by the low PFAS concentrations in natural waters, which hinder interfacial adsorption and foam stability. This study synthesized a novel green surfactant, octanoyl chloride-modified chitosan (OTCS), and developed an enhanced foam fractionation system coupled with micro-nano bubbles technology (OTCS-MNBs) for the efficient removal of PFOA and PFOS. Compared to the OTCS-conventional air bubbles foam fractionation system OTCS (OTCS-CABs), the OTCS-MNBs system achieved removal efficiencies of 98.73% and 99.21% for PFOA and PFOS, respectively, representing improvements of 1.47-fold for PFOA and 1.29-fold for PFOS. The system demonstrated pH adaptability (pH 3–9) and excellent foam stability, with moderate ionic strength enhancing reaction kinetics through salting-out effects. Analysis revealed that micro-nanobubbles exhibited higher specific surface area, longer residence time, and superior resistance to coalescence compared to conventional bubbles, thereby providing more adsorption sites and sufficient contact time for PFAS. In practical water experiments conducted with four typical Chinese lakes and reservoir sources, the system achieved removal efficiencies exceeding 80% for PFOA/PFOS, demonstrating its potential for practical application in complex water conditions. This highly efficient and environmentally friendly foam fractionation process effectively mitigates the environmental and health risks associated with PFAS and provides valuable technical guidance for water treatment plants addressing emerging contaminant challenges.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Muhammad Usman,Adeel Ahmed,Bing Yu,Muhammad Rafiq,Zhijian Ji,Youqing Shen,Hailin Cong
Herein, we develop a versatile strategy for developing a Fe 3 O 4 -NH-β-CD-BP ILs based sorbent by installing synergistic bonding sites for simultaneous removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and heavy metals from contaminated water. This sorbent with its quaternary ammonium cation achieved remarkable removal efficiency (∼99 %)for both short and long chain anionic PFASs in pure water as compared to previous β-CD based materials. Moreover, when subjected to a challenging metal salt matrix, the adsorbents revealed that long-chain PFASs primarily relied on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, while short-chain PFASs depended solely on electrostatic attractions. The results indicate that the sorbent exhibits outstanding adsorption capacities for PFCAs, PFSAs and Cr (VI) coupled with fast adsorption kinetics featuring equilibrium times 5, 4 and 2 h, respectively. The simultaneous removal of PFOA, PFOS and Cr (VI) in multi-component systems (electroplating plant wastewater) was also determined due to their dual sites rendered by cationic and β-CD groups. The adsorption of PFCAs and Cr (VI) was significantly influenced by the initial pH compared to the sorption of PFSAs. Additionally, the viologen based sorbent also showed better photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. In summary, these results revealed the outstanding adsorption capacity and convenient regeneration process make the adsorbent as a promising candidate for efficient and rapid removal of PFASs from other pollutants.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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WATER RESEARCH
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2025
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IF 12.4
Fang Jiang,Mengsi Wu,Ziyao Zhu,Chenkai Jiang,Zhihui Ai,Jingming Gong
The persistent nature of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) poses critical challenges for conventional water treatment technologies, particularly in bromide-rich matrices where coexisting bromates (e.g., coastal industrial wastewater or landfill leachate), a carcinogenic and mutagenic disinfection by-product amplifies remediation complexity. This study unveils a self-sustaining reduction-oxidation coupling (ROC) mechanism that synergistically harness hydrated electron (e aq − ) and reactive bromine species (RBS) to achieve simultaneous PFAS defluorination and bromate detoxification under UV/sulfite treatment. Through systematic experimentation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that bromate undergoes stepwise reduction to benign bromide ions while generating radical RBS (e.g., Br • and Br 2 •− ), which electrophilically attack intermediates of hydrogen-enriched fluorotelomer carboxylates (FTCAs) through hydrogen abstraction rather than directly targeting parent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). This endogenous ROC process achieved 96 % defluorination of PFOA within 240 min at pH 10, outperforming conventional UV/sulfite treatment by 36.5 %. Notably, hydrogen-fluorine exchange strengthens adjacent C − F bonds with bond dissociation energy (BDE) up to 125 kcal mol −1 , rendering FTCAs resistant to e aq − but susceptible to bromine radicals, confirmed by Fukui function analysis. Meanwhile, this ROC process also works effectively in bromine-containing waters treated with UV/sulfite, highlighting its universal applicability in real-world water matrices. Across diverse water matrices (e.g., tap water or lake water), the system maintained >70 % defluorination efficiency. Additionally, this eₐ q ⁻/RBS-mediated ROC process demonstrated chain-length universality for C4-C8 perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, while also detoxifying bromate to benign Br − , exemplifying its effectiveness in treating PFAS-contaminated waters with elevated bromide concentrations (e.g., seawater and brine), especially regions burdened with both PFASs and bromate contamination. By exploiting inherent water components as process catalysts, this work establishes a paradigm-shifting strategy for complex PFAS remediation without exogenous oxidant addition, offering dual environmental benefits through concurrent contaminant degradation and disinfection byproduct control.
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PubMed
高影响因子
TOXICOLOGY
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2023
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IF 4.5
Congcong Zhao,Shaowei Wang,Yingna Zhai,Mengyun Wang,Yunbing Tang,Huitao Li,Young Jun Im,Ren-shan Ge
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent in the environment and may disrupt the endocrine system. Our previous study showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, C8S) can inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) activity leading to an active glucocorticoid accumulation. In this study, we extended investigation for 17 PFAS, including carboxylic and sulfonic acids , with different carbon-chain lengths, to determine their inhibitory potency and structure-activity relationship in human placental and rat renal 11β-HSD2. C8-C14 PFAS at 100 μM significantly inhibited human 11β-HSD2 with a potency as C10 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC 50 , 9.19 μM) > C11 (15.09 μM) > C12 (18.43 μM) > C9 (20.93 μM) > C13 (124 μM) > C14 (147.3 μM) > other C4-C7 carboxylic acids , and C8S > C7S = C10S > other sulfonic acids. For rat 11β-HSD2, only C9 and C10 and C7S and C8S PFAS exhibited significant inhibitory effects. PFAS are primarily mixed/competitive inhibitors of human 11β-HSD2. Preincubation and simultaneous incubation with the reducing agent dithiothreitol significantly increased human 11β-HSD2 but not rat 11β-HSD2, and preincubation but not simultaneous incubation with dithiothreitol partially reversed C10-mediated inhibition on human 11β-HSD2. Docking analysis showed that all PFAS bound to the steroid-binding site and carbon-chain length determined the potency of inhibition, with the optimal molecular length (12.6 Å) for potent inhibitors PFDA and PFOS, which is comparable to the molecular length (12.7 Å) of the substrate cortisol . The length between 8.9 and 17.2 Å is the probable threshold molecular length to inhibit human 11β-HSD2. In conclusion, the carbon-chain length determines the inhibitory effect of PFAS on human and rat 11β-HSD2, and the inhibitory potency of long-chain PFAS on human and rat 11β-HSD2 showed V-shaped pattern. Long-chain PFAS may partially act on the cysteine residues of human 11β-HSD2.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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内分泌学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2021
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IF 10.588
Jing Huang,Qiyu Wang,Shuai Liu,Hong Lai,Wenqing Tu
6:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) and sodium p -perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) are widely used as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives in the Chinese market. Here, adult zebrafish were chronically exposed to 1 μM PFOS, F-53B, and OBS for 21 days to investigate the comparative immunotoxicity of these three per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFOS induced more severe oxidative stress in the liver than F-53B and OBS, and these three PFAS induced similar anti-inflammatory effects by repressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The intestinal microbiota analysis showed that the relative abundance of Plesiomonas , Aeromonas , Cetobacterium , Shewanella , and Vibrio changed with the same trend in the three PFAS treatment groups. Furthermore, the PFAS increased the expression of hepcidin , muc , the immune-related genes mpo and saa , and decreased the expression of the tight junction-related gene occ in the intestine; moreover, villus height of the intestine was reduced after PFAS exposure, which indicated the functional disruption of the intestine. In particular, the significant correlation between the changed intestinal microbiota and liver and intestinal indicators also suggested the interaction between the immune system and intestinal microbiota. Taken together, our results indicate that exposure to PFOS and its alternatives F-53B and OBS can induce hepatic immunotoxicity associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in adult zebrafish.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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免疫毒理学
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微生物组研究
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2024
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IF 12.2
Yang Zhao,Minyu Wang,Weihua Chu
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been called "forever chemicals" due to their inherent chemical stability. Their potential toxic effects on aquatic animals and health risk assessments have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of PFASs at environmentally relevant concentrations (200 ng/L) on crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ). The results showed that PFAS reduced the comfort behaviour of crucian carp and was associated with reduced levels of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine in the brain. PFAS exposure also decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde. PFAS caused over-expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and stress-related genes Caspase-3 , HSP-70 in the fish brain. Pathological staining showed that PFAS caused multifocal demyelination and perineural vacuolization in brain, intestinal tissue also showed reduced villus length and focal damage. PFASs altered the composition of the gut microbiota of crucian carp, significantly increasing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and the potential pathogenicity of the microbiota. It is suggested that PFASs may cause varying degrees of tissue damage by destabilising the gut microbiota. These results provide insights for assessing the toxicity of PFAS contaminants at aquatic environmental concentrations.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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水生生物学
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微生物学
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神经科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
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