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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS · 2026 · IF 19.9

Origami-Folded PLLA/MXene Scaffold Promotes Cartilage Regeneration via Synergistic Piezoelectric Chondrogenesis and Photothermal Anti‑Angiogenesis

Lipeng Wang,Shuai Lu,Ming Qu,Duanyang Liu,Chenyang Zhuang,Guohao Wu,Hong Zhao,Qianyi Zhang,Yingkai Zhang,Yuzhu Wang,Guodong Zhu,Lu Cao,Zuoqin Yan

Conventional piezoelectric scaffolds demonstrate promising prospects in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrogenic differentiation via electrical stimulation. However, excessive subchondral angiogenesis induced by electrical cues can damage neocartilage and accelerate cartilage degradation, presenting a major obstacle to cartilage repair. Herein, we develop an origami-inspired PLLA (poly Llactic acid)/MXene (two-dimensional transition metal carbide) composite scaffold integrating dual regulatory mechanisms. The electrospun PLLA/MXene nanofibers are assembled into three-dimensional origami structures through template compression. MXene incorporation and origami architecture synergistically enhance piezoelectric output, achieving ∼3.8 V voltage and ∼12 nA current in the scaffolds under cyclic compression, approximately 2-fold higher than pure PLLA scaffolds. The scaffold maintains stable piezoelectric performance under physiological conditions and throughout degradation. Moreover, MXene nanosheets confer rapid and efficient photothermal responsiveness, elevating temperature to mild hyperthermia under near-infrared irradiation to suppress angiogenesis. In vitro studies demonstrate that synergistic piezoelectric-photothermal stimulation promotes chondrogenesis through TRPV4/PI3K/Akt pathway while suppressing tube formation via VEGF/FAK pathway. In a rat osteochondral defect model, the dual-functional scaffold achieves superior cartilage regeneration with enhanced matrix deposition, reduces subchondral vascularization, and preserves the hypoxic niche. This origami-structured piezoelectric-photothermal biomaterial offers a promising strategy for orchestrated cartilage repair through synergistic biophysical cues.

✓ 已验证 DOI 高影响因子
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Materials · 2016 ·Vol. 9 ·期 5 ·368 · IF 2.728

One-Step Method to Prepare PLLA Porous Microspheres in a High-Voltage Electrostatic Anti-Solvent Process

Ying Wang,Li-Hui Zhu,Ai-Zheng Chen,Qiao Xu,Yu-Juan Hong,Shi-Bin Wang

A one-step method using a high-voltage electrostatic anti-solvent process was employed to fabricate poly-l-lactide (PLLA) porous microspheres (PMs). To address the simplification and control of the preparation process, a 24full factorial experiment was performed to optimize the operating process and analyze the effect of the factors on the morphology and aerodynamic properties of the PLLA PMs, and various characterization tests were also performed. The resulting PLLA PMs exhibited an even and porous morphology with a density less than 0.4 g/cm3, a geometric mean diameter (Dg) of 10–30 μm, an aerodynamic diameter (Da) of 1–5 μm, a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 56.3%, and a porosity of 76.2%, meeting the requirements for pulmonary drug delivery. The physicochemical characterizations reveal that no significant chemical change occurred in the PLLA during the process. An investigation of itsin vitrocytotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity shows no obvious toxic response, indicating good biosafety. This study indicates that the one-step method using a high-voltage electrostatic anti-solvent process has great potential in developing an inhalable drug carrier for pulmonary drug delivery.Keywords:poly-l-lactide;porous microspheres;aerodynamic properties;pulmonary drug delivery;biosafety

研究领域: 药学 · 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Biomedical Materials · 2022 ·Vol. 17 ·期 3 ·035006 · IF 4.103

LBL assembly of Ag@Ti3C2T X and chitosan on PLLA substrate to enhance antibacterial and biocompatibility

Haibo Wang,Ao Dong,Kun Hu,Weiwei Sun,Jundong Wang,Lu Han,Lixin Mo,Luhai Li,Wei Zhang,Yan Guo,Li Zhu,Fuzhai Cui,Yen Wei

Poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a non-toxic, biocompatible degradable polymer material with excellent mechanical properties after moulding. However, it faces challenges in the use of biomedical materials because of its intolerance to bacteria. Here, we use an easy-to-operate method to prepare a composite multilayer membrane: PLLA membrane was used as substrates to assemble positively charged chitosan and negatively charged Ag@MXene on the surface using the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The assembly process was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled chitosan and the thickness of the coating multilayer was also detected as 210.0 ± 12.1 nm for P-M membrane and 460.5 ± 26.5 nm for P-Ag@M membrane. The surface self-assembled multilayers exhibited 91.27% and 96.11% growth inhibition ratio against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains under 808 nm near-infrared laser radiation with a synergistic photothermal antibacterial effect. Furthermore, best biocompatibility of P-M and P-Ag@M membranes compare to PLLA membrane motivated us to further explore its application in biomedical materials.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS · 2024 · IF 18.5

A Biodegradable Piezoelectric Sensor for Real-Time Evaluation of the Motor Function Recovery After Nerve Injury

Yizhu Shan,Engui Wang,Xi Cui,Yuan Xi,Jianying Ji,Junlin Yuan,Lingling Xu,Zhuo Liu,Zhou Li

Nerve injury can lead to defects in related motor functions. It is critical to achieve long-term and convenient real-time evaluation of motor function recovery status during nerve injury repair. In this study, an implantable PLLA/BTO piezoelectric sensor (PBPS) with good biodegradability and biocompatibility for real time evaluation of the motor function recovery after nerve injury is developed. PLLA fibers doped with BTO are employed as piezoelectric material in PBPS, which can convert the biomechanical signals generated by motion into electrical signals. PBPS can be implant simultaneously with commonly used tissue scaffolds for treatment in the rats with sciatic nerve injury. The linearity of the pressure and the output voltage of PBPS is ≈0.9445. For the evaluation effectiveness, as the treatment process progresses, the signals generated by PBPS exhibited good consistency with EMG signals, indicating effectively evaluation of the motor function. Moreover, the integration of PBPS and wireless module can break the limitations of time and space for sensing and realize wireless evaluation of motor function in rat. The implantable sensor based on PBPS may bring new ideas for the development of implantable bioelectronics.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 神经科学 · 材料科学 · 生物技术
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS · 2021 · IF 4.539

Shape memory PLLA-TMC/CSH-dPA microsphere scaffolds with mechanical and bioactive enhancement for bone tissue engineering

Shuang Mi,Xulin Hu,Zhidong Lin,Tianfang Huang,Hua Yang,Junlin Lu,Qing Li,Luyao Xing,Jian He,Chengdong Xiong

Porous biodegradable bone scaffold is a remarkable strategy for bone-tissue engineering. It is well known that some basic requirements such as the biodegradabilty, biocompatibility, porous structure, surface properties, mechanical properties and plasticity of the scaffolds are vital for new bone formation. In this article, we adopted a low temperature method and poly (dopamine) coating strategy to fabricate porous shape-memory poly ( L -lactide-co-trimethlyene carbonate)/calcium sulfate hemihydrate-poly (dopamine) microsphere scaffolds with uniform microstructure. Compared with PLLA-TMC microspheres, PLLA-TMC/CSH and PLLA-TMC/CSH-dPA microspheres have rougher surface and increased Tg . The mechanical properties and biodegradability of scaffolds were also tested in vitro, and the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity were monitored by CCK-8 and ALP activity assay using MC3T3-E1 cells. Strikingly, compared with PLLA-TMC scaffolds, PLLA-TMC/20CSH scaffolds possessed an enhanced initial compression modulus and higher degradation rate . Meanwhile, the compression modulus of all P/CSH scaffolds matched the cancellous bone during degradation period (103.04–623.75 MPa). Moreover, the PLLA-TMC/CSH-dPA microsphere scaffolds were non-toxic and contributed to cell adhesion. In summary, the prepared PLLA-TMC/CSH-dPA microsphere scaffold in this work is a promising approach for bone-tissue engineering.

研究领域: 骨组织工程 · 生物材料学 · 再生医学
✓ 已验证 DOI 高影响因子
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Materials Today Chemistry · 2024 · IF 6.7

PLLA/(MWCNTs-ZnO)@PDA composite with NIR-light induced shape memory effect, antibacterial properties and 3D printability

Yulong Zou,Beibei Zhou,Wenqiang Guo,Zhijie Sun,Xili Lu,Li Li

PLLA based shape-memory polymer composites with multifunctions have attracted growing attention in biomedical applications. Generally, a single nanofiller has the problem of insufficient functionalization and easy aggregation. Therefore, we design and fabricate polydopamine (PDA) surface modified MWCNTs-ZnO hybrid nanostructure ((MWCNTs-ZnO)@PDA). The dispersion of (MWCNTs-ZnO)@PDA in PLLA is improved in comparison with the pristine MWCNTs or ZnO. The results indicate that the (MWCNTs-ZnO)@PDA nanosystem shows a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties and photothermal properties of the composites. Comparative analysis with neat PLLA demonstrates a remarkable 17% increase in tensile strength and a 19% increase in elongation at break for PLLA/(MWCNTs-ZnO)@PDA composite. Additionally, the composites exhibit excellent NIR light-induced shape memory effects with a shape recovery ratio reaching 100%. Moreover, PLLA/(MWCNTs-ZnO)@PDA composites show favorable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). Furthermore, the polymer composites display good 3D printability, and the 3D-printed porous scaffold possesses high compressive strength and modulus. Also, the PLLA/(MCNTs-ZnO)@PDA scaffold can be compressed into a compact size and recover its original shape under NIR light irradiation. This work provides an approach to prepare novel shape-memory polymer composites with multifunctions including high strength, light-induced shape-recovery, antibacterial properties and printability.

CAS / MDL: 62-31-7 1314-13-2
研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程 · 高分子化学
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS · 2024 · IF 4.9

Fully biodegradable piezoelectric nanogenerator based on cellulose/PLLA electrospun fibers with high-performance for mechanical energy harvesting

Li Xu,Quan kun Zhang,Zhenglong Hu,Chunbo Hua,Li Xue,Pengfei Lu,Fan Zhang,Yanchao Zhang,Juan Xiong

Research efforts are intensifying to employ fully biodegradable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) as self-powered medical implanted devices and health monitoring products. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) shows significant promise for biological applications owing to its natural biodegradability, particularly when fabricated as nanofibrous structures via electrospinning. However, PLLA faces inherent limitations related to its relatively weak piezoelectric properties, specifically characterized by a low shear piezoelectric coefficient (d 14 ), which is the familiar form. In this study, a fully biodegradable PLLA nanofiber incorporated with cellulose was applied as piezoelectric film by electrospinning approach. Cellulose/PLLA film exhibits remarkable enhancements in piezoelectric performance, showcasing a 1.6-fold increase in the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ∼64.2 pm/V) and a substantial boost of nearly 250 % in output voltage. Soil burial experiments conducted over a period of 120 days validate the film's superior biodegradability, with a degradation rate exceeding 93.6 %. Furthermore, the optimized cellulose/PLLA fiber-based PENG demonstrates a maximum open-circuit voltage of 10.3 V and robust mechanical stability, enduring 30,000 cycles without degradation. Notably, the cellulose/PLLA nanofiber-based piezoelectric sensor exhibits efficient detection capabilities, evidenced by distinct output signals in response to varying airflow pressures. Taking into account the advantages of facile fabrication and the utilization of readily available sustainable materials, the proposed cellulose/PLLA device presents a promising eco-conscious alternative for self-powered electronic skin and implantable medical applications.

CAS / MDL: 9004-34-6
研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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SYNTHETIC METALS · 2026 · IF 4.5

Development and evaluation of porous poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fibrous membrane for effective radiative cooling applications

Wardah Ahmed,Qurat-ul-ain Shaikh,Bilqees Hussain,Muhammad Yousif,Sadam Hussain,Abdul Ghaffar,Kai Wei

One-step electrospinning via NIPS produced highly porous PLLA membranes. • Achieved high solar reflectance (∼95.7%) and strong mid-IR emission. • Porous morphology enabled 2.6–3.9 °C cooling vs smooth PLLA. • Up to 9.2 °C reduction compared with cotton under sunlight. • Scalable, low-cost route for flexible daytime radiative cooling textiles. The growing demand for efficient and cost-effective cooling solutions, both indoors and outdoors, especially for personal cooling in outdoor environments, posses a significant global challenge. Current cooling methods often rely on custom optical structures with spectral selectivity, which typically involve complex manufacturing processes, limiting their large scale production and cost-effectiveness. This study aims to develop a radiation cooling material by utilizing the porous structure of poly- L -lactic acid (PLLA) through one-step electrospinning method based on the Non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. The resulting membrane, with porous structure, exhibits substantial roughness and a high specific surface area, revealing an impressive average solar reflectance (∼95.7%) under wavelength of (0.25 ∼ 2.5 μm) and mid infrared emittance (∼88.3%) under wavelength of (8 ∼ 13 μm). The study evaluates the indoor cooling performance of porous PLLA, resulting in temperature reductions of approximately 2.6∼3.9°C and 5∼9.2°C compared to smooth PLLA and cotton-covered surface, respectively, under different solar intensities. It also explores the potential of porous PLLA for outdoor cooling applications, emphasizing its hydrophobic, mechanical, and flexible properties. It proposes a cost-effective method for producing high-performance radiative cooling materials using PLLA and underscores its versatility for practical applications.

CAS / MDL: 920-66-1
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Bioactive Materials · 2021 · IF 14.593

Improved hemostatic effects by Fe3+ modified biomimetic PLLA cotton-like mat via sodium alginate grafted with dopamine

Caili Lv,Linlong Li,Zixue Jiao,Huanhuan Yan,Zongliang Wang,Zhenxu Wu,Min Guo,Yu Wang,Peibiao Zhang

The development of an excellent, bioabsorbable hemostatic material for deep wound remains a challenge. In this work, a biodegradable cotton-like biomimetic fibrous mat of poly ( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) was made by melt spinning. Subsequently, SD composite was prepared by cross-linking sodium alginate (SA) with dopamine (DA). It was immobilized on the fibre surface, which inspired by mussel byssus. Finally, Fe 3+ was loaded onto the 0.5SD/PLLA composite by chelation with the carboxyl of alginate and phenolic hydroxy of dopamine. The haemostasis experiment found that the hemostatic time 47 s in vitro. However, the bleeding volume was 0.097 g and hemostatic time was 23 s when 20Fe 3+ -0.5SD/PLLA was applied in the haemostasis of the rat liver. As a result of its robust hydrophilicity and bouffant cotton-like structure, it could absorb a large water from blood, which could concentrate the component of blood and reduce the clotting time. Furthermore, the addition of Fe 3+ in the 0.5SD/PLLA had a significant effect on improve hemostatic property. It also displayed excellent antibacterial property for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Notably, it possesses superior hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility and histocompatibility. Hence, 20Fe 3+ -0.5SD/PLLA has high potential application in haemostasis for clinical settings due to its outstanding properties.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 材料科学 · 血液学
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS · 2025 · IF 2.5

Dual-functional CuHP/Mg-CaP/PLLA nanofibrous scaffold for photothermal anti-infection therapy and enhanced bone regeneration

Jian Gu,Shuangjian He,Peng Zhang,Long Zhou

Infected bone defects are characterised by inadequate local blood supply and the formation of bacterial biofilms, which impede bone tissue regeneration and repair, presenting a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we developed a bifunctional scaffold combining near-infrared (NIR)-responsive antibacterial activity with osteogenic properties by co-electrospinning photothermally active copper hydroxyphosphate (Cu2(OH)PO4, CuHP) and osteogenic magnesium-calcium phosphate (Mg-CaP) into poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes. Near-infrared (NIR) irradiation activates the photothermal response of CuHP in nanofiber membrane scaffolds, effectively killing bacteria through photothermal therapy (PTT), while the released Mg-CaP synergistically promotes osteogenesis. Animal studies have revealed that the scaffold effectively inhibit infections while accelerating bone healing, offering a promising strategy for infected bone defects.

研究领域: 生物材料学 · 组织工程 · 骨科学 · 感染控制 · 纳米医学 · 光热治疗 · 再生医学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE · 2015 ·Vol. 33 ·期 12 ·1713-1720 · IF 1.835

The stereocomplex formation and phase separation of PLLA/PDLA blends with different optical purities and molecular weights

Shao Jun,Liu Yan-long,Xiang Sheng,Bian Xin-chao,Sun Jing-ru,Li Gao,Chen Xue-si,Hou Hao-qing

In this study, the poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends with different optical purities of PLLA and various molecular weights of PDLA are prepared by solution mixing, and the stereocomplex formation and phase separation behaviors of these blends are investigated. Results reveal that optical purity and molecular weight do not vary the crystal structure of PLA stereocomplex (sc) and homochiral crystallites (hc). As the optical purity increasing in the blends, the melting temperature of sc ( T sc ) and the content of sc (Δ H sc ) increased, while the melting temperature of hc ( T hm ) hardly changes, although the content of hc (Δ H hm ) decreased gradually. The T sc and Δ H sc are also enhanced as the molecular weight of PDLA reduces, and the Δ H hm reduces rapidly even though the T hm does not vary apparently. With lower optical purities of PLLA and higher molecular weights of PDLA, three types of crystals form in the blends, i.e. , PLA sc, PLLA hc and PDLA hc. As molecular weight decreases and optical purity enhances, the crystal phase decreases to two (sc and PDLA hc), and one (sc) finally. This investigation indicates that the phase separation behavior between PLLA and PDLA in the PLLA/PDLA blends not only depends on molecular weights, but also relies on the optical purities of polymers.

CAS / MDL: 67-63-0
研究领域: 材料科学 · 高分子化学
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BIOMACROMOLECULES · 2018 · IF 5.738

Tumor-pH-Sensitive PLLA-Based Microsphere with Acid Cleavable Acetal Bonds on the Backbone for Efficient Localized Chemotherapy

Junhua Li,Xuequan Zhang,Mingying Zhao,Lihuang Wu,Kui Luo,Yuji Pu,Bin He

Nanoparticle- and microsphere-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have attracted wide attention in cancer therapy; those DDSs that are responsive to tumor environment can selectively identify tumor and normal tissues and therefore have shown enhanced anticancer efficacy and alleviated systemic toxicity. Here, tumor-pH-sensitive polymeric microspheres, which are prepared by multiblock poly(l-lactide) with pH-sensitive acetal bonds in the backbone, are employed to efficiently load water-soluble anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl, drug loading content: ∼10%). The pH-sensitive DOX-loaded hollow microspheres were in the size range 2–10 μm and exhibited acid-accelerated degradation of polymer matrix and drug release, and thereby efficient in vitro cancer cell inhibition. The microspheres were further intratumorally injected into breast-tumor-bearing mice, and the in vivo anticancer experiment showed that pH-sensitive DOX-loaded microsphere showed better antitumor efficiency and prolonged life-span than its counterpart that does not have pH-responsive property. Moreover, negligible organ toxicity, especially cardiotoxicity that generally exists in DOX-involved chemotherapy where DOX is administrated by intravenous injection, was observed for DOX-loaded microspheres. Hence, tumor-pH-sensitive polymeric microspheres have appeared to be a simple and efficient platform for delivering hydrophilic anticancer drug with excellent anticancer efficacy and low systemic toxicity.

研究领域: 药剂学 · 肿瘤学 · 生物材料学
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