POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 3.6
Chunmei Gao,Pengfei Zhang,Yiming Bai,Shifeng Ji,Changbing Ye,Yunqing Xing
Conventional polyamide nanofiltration membranes face the dual challenges of chlorine-induced degradation and the permeability–selectivity trade-off. In this study, a thin-film nanocomposite membrane was fabricated by incorporating β-cyclodextrin-functionalized g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets into the polyamide layer via interfacial polymerization. The β-CD@g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets provide additional water transport pathways and reduce mass transfer resistance through their hydrophilic groups, β-CD cavities, and intrinsic triangular nanopores. The optimized PCDN-3 membrane achieved a water permeance of 15.30 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 , 2.7 times that of the pristine membrane, while maintaining a Na 2 SO 4 rejection of 98.18% and a NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 separation factor of 47.27. Notably, the N–H groups on g-C 3 N 4 act as sacrificial sites for active chlorine, resulting in only a 0.05% increase in salt rejection after exposure to 12,000 ppm·h active chlorine, demonstrating exceptional chlorine stability. Fouling experiments confirmed the composite membrane's excellent antifouling performance. This “cyclodextrin–carbon nitride” strategy provides a promising approach for developing nanofiltration membranes with high permeability, superior chlorine resistance, and robust antifouling properties. Highlights Membrane shows 2.7× water flux (15.30 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 ) and 98.18% Na 2 SO 4 rejection. Hydrophilic –OH/–NH 2 improves antifouling; N–H bonds scavenge Cl radicals via sacrifice. High selectivity for NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 ( α = 47.27) via monovalent/divalent ion separation. PCDN membrane achieves > 90.05% FRR, exhibiting excellent antifouling durability.
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 4
·316
·
IF 4.5
Hongbo Liu,Xiaoman Lai,Xinyuan Peng,Jie Huang,Wenbo Tong,Yuhua Chi,Zhiyong Huang
To overcome the inherent limitations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), specifically the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and its confined light absorption range, a sulfur-doped g-C3N4(S-g-C3N4) photocatalyst was developed in this work. The photocatalytic performance and its catalytic mechanism for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation were systematically investigated. Material characterization and performance tests revealed that S doping can narrow the band gap of g-C3N4and effectively enhance the separation and transport efficiency of charge carriers. The as-prepared catalyst demonstrated excellent activity under simulated sunlight, achieving nearly complete degradation of 10 mg/L RhB within 15 min. Moreover, it exhibited robust stability across a pH range of 6 to 11 and in the presence of coexisting anions (Cl−, NO3−, CO32−), with negligible activity loss after five consecutive cycles. Radical trapping experiments verified that ∙OH radicals served as the primary active species, with h+playing a secondary role in the degradation process. This work provides practical guidance for designing durable g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with high performance for organic wastewater treatment.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
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2026
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IF 4.8
Linke Zhao,Yang Li,Lili Li,Gongke Wang,Hairui Liu,Hongjing Li,Arif Nawaz,Haifa Zhai
A Z-scheme CIS/rGO/p-CN heterostructure was designed. • CIS/rGO/p-CN exhibits the highest visible-light activity for Cr(VI) photoreduction. • rGO serves as the solid-state electron mediator to switch the charge transfer mode. Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), a highly toxic metal ion readily soluble in aqueous environments, poses significant threats to human health. Herein, a novel Z-scheme CuInS 2 /rGO/protonated g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure was designed with rGO serving as the solid-state electron mediator between CuInS 2 and protonated C 3 N 4 . The samples were systematically characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS, PL, and UV–vis spectroscopy techniques. This flower-like hierarchical structure CuInS 2 /rGO/protonated g-C 3 N 4 exhibits enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for Cr (VI) photoreduction. Specifically, it demonstrates a 98% reductive efficiency for Cr (VI) within 20 min at pH= 4 and stable photocatalytic performance. The results indicate that the integration of rGO nanosheets significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of the CuInS 2 /rGO/protonated g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure by weakening the built-in electric field between CuInS 2 and protonated C 3 N 4 and switching the charge transfer mode from a conventional p-n junction to a Z-scheme mechanism. Download: Download high-res image (103KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Xugang Rong,Zhenguo Pang,Yutao Wang,Baiquan Chen,Peijin Liu,Quan Zhu,Wei He
Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a promising two-dimensional material with good thermal conductivity, its wide bandgap and rapid charge recombination limit its direct application in photothermal conversion. In this study, an in-situ doping strategy was employed to introduce copper into the intrinsic vacancies of g-C 3 N 4 , fabricating a surface-porous 2D Cu-doped material (g-C 3 N 4 @Cu). Microstructural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that atomically dispersed Cu via Cu-N bonds significantly broadens the visible-light absorption band via the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) effect. This mechanism enables highly efficient absorption and photothermal conversion under blue light (450 nm). This novel photothermal sensitizer was then uniformly immobilized onto nitrocellulose (NC) via a solution-based approach, forming g-C 3 N 4 @Cu/NC energetic microspheres. This integrated design not only enhances interfacial adhesion but also curtails the thermal diffusion path from the photosensitizer to the NC matrix, establishing a synergistic photothermal-thermocatalytic mechanism. Consequently, the composite g-C 3 N 4 @Cu/NC achieves a photothermal conversion efficiency of over 37%. Furthermore, its laser ignition delay time is significantly reduced by approximately 30 times compared to the blank control group, demonstrating an extremely low ignition threshold. Ultimately, this study provides fundamental insights into metal-doped g-C 3 N 4 systems and offers an effective material-design approach for integrating photosensitive and energetic materials for highly controllable optical-to-thermal responses.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2026
·Vol. 14
·期 4
·123242
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IF 7.5
Guijuan Liu,Xiaolong Zhang,Lijuan Tan,Weixing Li
The integration of photocatalytic process with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation constitutes a promising strategy for eliminating organic pollutants in aqueous solutions. Despite notable advances in CoFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 composites, studies on their application in visible-light-responsive PMS-activated tetracycline (TC) degradation remain insufficient, particularly in the systematic elucidation of the quantitative order of ROS contributions and associated mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, a recyclable CoFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared via the sol–gel method. The composites demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic performance with 97.8% TC degradation in 60 min under visible-light irradiation. The kinetic rate constant of 0.056 min −1 , which was 3.7 and 3.2 times that of pure g-C 3 N 4 (0.015 min −1 ) and CoFe 2 O 4 (0.017 min −1 ). Moreover, the developed catalyst exhibited excellent stability along with tolerance to common anions and compatibility with various organic matrices. By coupling radical quenching experiments with ESR spectroscopy, a definitive degradation contribution order for the reactive species in this system was firstly established as: 1 O 2 > SO 4 · - > O 2 · - > h + > · OH. A plausible mechanism for TC degradation was thus put forward. It provides a viable approach for developing high-performance and durable g-C 3 N 4 -derived photocatalytic system, which can be effectively utilized in environmental remediation process.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 10.6
Yiran Hu,Chunmei Wang,Xiaomin Dou,Jun Liu
A Co 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated by coupling ZIF-67-derived 3D porous Co/Co 3 O 4 /CN (N-doped carbon) composites with crystalline g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) towards tylosin (TYL) degradation. The catalyst was synthesized via a carbonization-oxidation strategy, which retained the dodecahedral framework of ZIF-67 and simultaneously formed intimate interfacial contact with g-C 3 N 4 , thereby facilitating efficient interfacial charge transfer. The constructed p-n heterojunction generated an internal electric field that promoted migration of photogenerated electrons and holes and suppressed charge recombination, thereby improving photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of metallic Co induced the generation of energetic hot electrons and hot holes under visible light, accelerating PMS activation and enhancing the Co(II)/Co(III) redox cycle. The synergistic interaction between photogenerated charge carriers and LSPR-induced hot carriers significantly promoted PMS activation, driving the generation of primary reactive oxygen species (·O 2 - and 1 O 2 ) and achieving 95.4% TYL degradation within 16 min. Toxicity and molecular docking analyses confirmed reduced antibacterial activity of degradation products. This study highlights the dual contributions of heterojunction-driven charge separation and LSPR-induced generation of hot carrier with subsequent interfacial transfer in achieving efficient, sustainable antibiotic degradation.
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高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2026
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IF 7.9
Zidie Yin,Xuandi Wang,Jianing Kang,Yue Liu,He Guo,Guodong Zhang,Qiuling Ma,Jian Zhou,Tiecheng Wang
Advanced oxidation processes using persulfate (PS) have proven effective in degrading organic pollutants in water. The key to these processes is the development of catalysts that efficiently activate PS. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), where individual metal atoms are dispersed on a solid support, offer superior catalytic activity compared to traditional metal catalysts and hold great promise. In this study, we synthesized a tungsten-based SAC (W-SA-g-C 3 N 4 ) by anchoring tungsten onto graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation in water. The results showed that single-atom tungsten was mainly incorporated into the g-C 3 N 4 in the W 6 + state, which created more active sites for PS activation and enhanced electron migration. More than 92.3% of SDZ was decomposed within 60 min in the W-SA-g-C 3 N 4 /PS system, and appropriate catalyst dosage and solution pH favored SDZ decomposition processes. The presence of Cl − , SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − had slight impacts on SDZ degradation efficiency, and over 85% of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and oxytetracycline could also be removed in the W-SA-g-C 3 N 4 /PS system. Radical scavenger and EPR experiments identified 1 O 2 and •O 2 − as key species in SDZ degradation. The SDZ degradation processes mainly involved the fragmentation of the benzene ring and associated clusters. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability and recyclability. Download: Download high-res image (344KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Materials Today Communications
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2026
·
IF 4.9
Junnan Yang,Xinghui Zhang,Yihan Li,Jinzhi Luo,Feng Li,Yao Xu
In this study, a visible light-responsive CdMoO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis for the efficient degradation of metronidazole pollutants in aquaculture wastewater. Systematic spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of materials was performed by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, UV–vis DRS and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the optimized CMCN4 composites (CdMoO 4 : g-C 3 N 4 mass ratio = 0.4:1) exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving over 90% MTZ degradation rate in 5 h, with a total organic carbon removal rate of 62%. This efficient degradation performance was mainly due to the Z-scheme-like mechanism of the heterojunction, which significantly facilitated the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. XRD, SEM, and XPS analyses further revealed the tight interfacial contact formed between the CdMoO 4 nanorods and g-C 3 N 4 , while free radical trapping experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals were the main active species in the degradation process. In addition, the catalyst still maintained stable structure and catalytic activity after six cycles, showing good practical application potential and providing a feasible solution for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
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2022
·Vol. 28
·期 19
·e202104623
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IF 5.02
Jin Yuan,Jinqiu Guo,Zhiwei He,Leisheng Che,Shanshan Chen,Hongbo Zhang
Graphical The photo-energy and thermal-energy in a synergetic way promote catalytic reaction together. In this article, the C−H bond rupture within HCOOH* was determined to be the rate-determining step with adsorbed CO* as the most abundant surface intermediates (MASIs) under both thermal and photo-thermal reaction conditions confirmed by kinetic isotopic effects and in situ FTIR characterizations. Clear evidence of kinetically relevant consistency was determined under both thermal and photo-thermal HCOOH decomposition reactions over Pd/LaCrO 3 /C 3 N 4 composite. Photo-thermal catalysis has been an attractive alternative strategy to promote chemical reactions for years, however, how light cooperates with thermal energy is still unclear. We meet this demand by exploring reaction mechanism via pressure dependency studies as well as H/D exchange experiments with HCOOH decomposition as a probe over a palladium nanoparticle (Pd n ) and isolated Pd (Pd 1 ) decorated LaCrO 3 /C 3 N 4 composite catalyst, in which the H 2 formation rate shows a first-order dependence on HCOOH and inverse first-order dependence on CO partial pressures no matter the reaction was driven by thermal or photo-thermal energy. Additionally, negligible kinetic isotopic effects (KIEs: k H / k D ) were determined under both dark and light conditions at 1.04 and 1.18 when the HCOOH was replaced by HCOOD. Besides, when the reactant HCOOH was further replaced by DCOOD, the KIE values of 1.55 (dark) and 1.92 (light) were obtained, which indicates that the HCOOH decomposition follows kinetically relevant (KR) of C−H bond rupture within HCOOH molecule under both thermal and photo-thermal reaction conditions and the catalytic surface was found to be densely covered by CO based on the pressure dependency studies as well as the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Clearly, the HCOOH decomposition driven by thermal and photo-thermal energy follows the same reaction mechanism. Nevertheless, light induced hot electrons and the derived thermal effect do cause the enhancement of the reaction activity in some circumstances compared with bare thermal catalysis, which clarifies the confusion on cooperation mechanism of photo and thermal energies from the kinetic perspective. Hot electrons induced by photo-illumination was confirmed by in situ FTIR CO chemisorption with ∼10 cm −1 redshift identified of the CO feature once light was introduced. Meanwhile, the photo thermal reaction system suffers from severe electron-hole re-combination at high reaction temperatures and make the thermal effect of photo irradiation dominant with respect to the effect at low reaction temperatures. This research provides insight to the mechanism on how photo-thermal reaction works and draws attention to the photo-thermal reaction process in boosting catalytic activity.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2026
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IF 9.2
Long Bai,Yifei Chen,Xuedi Wu,Nan Chang,Ren Li,Zhi Yao,Weiping Li
In this study, a series of g-C 3 N 4 /BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with varying BiOBr contents were synthesized via an in-situ hydrothermal strategy. The optimized composite, CB-15 (15 wt% BiOBr), exhibited a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 1925.9 μmol g −1 h −1 under visible light, significantly surpassing those of pristine g-C 3 N 4 and BiOBr. Comprehensive characterizations revealed enhanced light absorption, expanded surface area, improved surface wettability, interfacial coupling, and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) as confirmed by water contact angle, in situ XPS, and CV measurements. Photophysical analyses and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy provided further insights into the charge transfer mechanism, supporting the conclusion that g-C 3 N 4 and BiOBr form a direct S-type heterojunction structure. Density Functional Theory calculations validated this mechanism, revealing enhanced interfacial charge redistribution and a reduced Gibbs free energy barrier for hydrogen evolution. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance analysis showed the co-generation of •O 2 − and •OH radicals, aligning with the proposed S-scheme pathway. This work provides a comprehensive strategy for the rational design of high-performance photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Mingfu Li,Pingjun Zhang,Jiannan Qin,Hao Cheng,Qian Yu,Liqun Jiang
Photocatalysis has demonstrated great potential in the conversion of biomass, but the design of single-atom photocatalysts for the selective upgrading of glucose is rarely achieved. Here, we report a manganese doped g-C 3 N 4 (Mn SA -CN) single-atom photocatalyst by the impregnation-pyrolysis method, which achieves 34.6% glucaric acid (GAA) yield and 72.6% glucose conversion. Physicochemical characterizations indicate that the atomically dispersed Mn N 4 sites serve as the key catalytic centers, which not only optimize the electronic structure by narrowing the band gap, but also significantly promote the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. Additionally, the free radical scavenging experiments indicated that the hydroxyl radical is the main species for promoting the photocatalytic conversion of glucose. Furthermore, the GAA yield maintained over 33.0% after the catalyst was recycled five times. DFT calculation reveals that the Mn N 4 coordination structure increases the glucose adsorption and electron transfer, thereby reducing the overall reaction energy barrier and promoting the photocatalytic synthesis of GAA. This work offers fundamental insights at the atomic level for the rational design of single-atom photocatalysts toward sustainable biomass conversion.
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Catalysts
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 9
·1043
·
IF 4.501
Shuang Tang,Yang-Sen Xu,Wei-De Zhang
Molecular skeleton modification has become a recognized method that can effectively improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4because it not only effectively promotes charge separation, but also tunes the conjugated system of g-C3N4to make it more conducive to photocatalytic reaction. Herein, thiophene-amide embedded g-C3N4(TA-CN-x) was successfully prepared by simple one-step thermal polycondensation using urea as a precursor and ethyl-2-amino-4-phenylthiophene-3-carboxylate (EAPC) as an additive. After embedding with thiophene-amide, the induction and delocalization effects are formed in TA-CN-x, which significantly improves the migration efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Meanwhile, the conjugate structure is changed due to structural modification, resulting in significant enhancement of visible light absorption compared to the pure g-C3N4(CN). Specifically, the optimized photocatalytic H2evolution rate of TA-CN-2 reaches 245.4 μmol·h−1, which is 8.4 times that of CN (with Pt nanoparticles as a co-catalyst), and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) at 450 nm is 13.6%. This work opens up a new modification process for fully tapping the photocatalytic hydrogen absorption potential of g-C3N4-based materials.Keywords:photocatalysts;g-C3N4;thiophene-amide;embedding;induction effect;delocalization effect;hydrogen evolution
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