Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
·
2025
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IF 4.1
Cui Yong,Wang Wenliang,Xu Xiaolu,Miao Hui,Fu Yishuai
In order to increase the yield of high-value components in bio-oil from waste wood-based panels (WWPs), a composite catalyst of SiC@HZSM-5 with both excellent capacities of microwave absorption and catalytic conversion was successfully prepared and applied to the microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) with microwave power of 1000 W (2.45 GHz). The effects of different Si/Al ratios of HZSM-5 on the characterization of catalysts and selective pyrolysis products also have been investigated. The results showed that the obtained SiC@HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited a stable composite structure, favorable dielectric loss characteristics, and high thermal conductivity. Compared with the non-catalytic experiment, SiC@HZSM-5 catalysts significantly enhanced the relative content of nitrogen-containing compounds and reduced the concentration of oxygen-containing compounds in bio-oil, though there was one slight negative impact on bio-oil yield. Importantly, with the increase in Si/Al ratio from 30 to 90, the production of nitrogen-containing compounds was found to decrease from 37.11 to 23.14%, due to the reduction of acidic sites in catalysts. It was noteworthy that during the pyrolysis of WWPs by microwave heating, the catalyst with the Si/Al ratio of 30 significantly promoted the interactions between lignocellulosic components and adhesives and improved the selectivity of amide-N compounds (14.06%, acetamide being the main products) and heterocyclic-N compounds (23.05%, pyrroles, pyridines, and pyrazines constituted the major composition). This work could offer a promising technical reference to thermally converted WWPs to high value-added chemicals by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis (MACP).
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高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Zichao Hu,Longfei Tang,Peipei Gao,Bin Wang,Chang Zhang,Yue Sheng,Weitong Pan,Lu Ding,Xueli Chen,Fuchen Wang
Plastics and paper are common components of municipal solid waste (MSW), making an in-depth understanding of their interactions essential for MSW thermal conversion. In this study, the co-pyrolysis behavior of plastic and paper was investigated. Firstly, the thermal decomposition characteristics were analyzed. Secondly, the pyrolytic behavior was elucidated in a fixed-bed reactor. Thirdly, the impact of plastic melting on co-pyrolysis was clarified. Results indicated that the thermal decomposition was accelerated between 250 °C and 283 °C, while temperatures above 400 °C resulted in inhibition. During fixed-bed pyrolysis, char yields (70.7–16.9 %) were increased by 4.0 %–12.7 %. This increase was mainly due to plastic melting, which contributed 8.6 % and increased aliphatic carbon content. Besides, PVC and PET exhibited a broader melting range > 500 °C. Bio-oil yields (25.5–70.6 %) were reduced by 3.4 %–12.4 %, primarily affecting aliphatic compositions. Gas yields (3.8–6.5 %) were reduced < 400 °C but increased with temperature, involving primarily H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 6 .
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高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 3.1
Guolan Dou,Liying Zhang,Deming Wang,Xiaoxing Zhong,Botao Qin
The study examined the oxidative pyrolysis of raw and residual coals extracted with tetrahydrofuran, as well as the CO/CO 2 /H 2 /CH 4 emissions at high temperatures (200∼900 °C). Tetrahydrofuran was found to extract aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from lower metamorphic coal, as well as hydroxyl, increasing the specific surface area of char formed by oxidative pyrolysis of residual coal. The CO 2 /CO ratio was temperature dependent, and the increase period was fit by a polynomial and a linear function, with critical temperature of around 570 °C. The greater CO 2 /CO ratio of raw coal suggested that oxidative pyrolysis produced more CO 2 . The kinetic analysis showed that the change in activation energy is inconsistent with the gas production, and the gases were found to be proportionate to the specific surface area of the coal chars, implying that the char structure has a significant influence on gaseous product emissions and the coal oxidative pyrolysis at high temperatures is a diffusion-controlled heterogeneous reaction. The findings of this study could be useful for determining the status of coal fire.
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ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 9
Gongxiang Song,Dexin Huang,Qiangqiang Ren,Song Hu,Jun Xu,Kai Xu,Long Jiang,Yi Wang,Sheng Su,Jun Xiang
Based on the concentrated photo-thermal thermogravimetry analyzer (PT-TGA) reactor, the pyrolysis of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin with different ratios at 100 °C/min and 550–850 °C was performed. The interaction among the three components significantly reduced the reaction temperatures and increased the maximum weight loss rate. The cellulose/lignin interactions were the main reason for the increase of gas production, especially for the H 2 production which reached 128.13 mL/g biomass, much higher than the calculated value of 75.35 mL/g biomass without considering the interactions. What occurred during the co-pyrolysis of cellulose/lignin was the combination of free radicals without consuming the hydrogen radicals, while the formation of chemicals in others’ interactions integrated with the hydrogen radicals inhibited the production of H 2 at high temperatures. For full-component pyrolysis , the yield of C-containing gas can be calculated by adding a coefficient of interaction between two components, indicating that the effect of the three-component interaction was much lower than that of the two-component. This study established the interaction mechanism for the three components of biomass during photo-thermal pyrolysis based on free radicals.
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Chem Catalysis
·
2024
·
IF 11.5
Bin Chen,Shui Yang,Longmei Shang,Yiling Wu,Youting Wang,Jian Tian,Jiale Huang,Xiaodong Zhang,Qingbiao Li,Guowu Zhan
Biomass resources can be converted to biochemicals via the catalytic pyrolysis process, but conventional catalysts often suffer from severe deactivation due to coke formation. Here, a ternary Ni/bio-Z5 catalyst was constructed by integrating ZSM-5 and Ni components on a porous bio-SiO2 platform derived from rice husk. The Ni/bio-Z5 achieved 76% aromatic selectivity for the catalytic pyrolysis of soybean oil, corresponding to a space-time yield as high as 154.8 garom · h−1 · gcata−1. It is confirmed that the bio-SiO2 platform shortened the surface diffusion path of aromatics by co-diffusion, which then inhibited coke formation and significantly improved the catalyst stability. Moreover, the atomically dispersed Ni on ZSM-5 effectively promotes the aromatization of C2=-C6= by enhancing adsorption and acting as an oligomerization center for isoalkyl carbenium ions. The coupling of deoxygenation and aromatization reactions promotes the enhancement of aromatic selectivity through the formation of methyl-substituted cyclopentenone that can be readily converted to aromatics.
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Yunhui Xia,Nan Xi,Xinyang Yu,Maohua Luo,Shi Chen,Qinglian Wang,Yixiong Lin,Rong Wang,Hao Li,Jun Yue,Chen Yang,Wang Yin,Ting Qiu
Catalytic hydrotreatment is one of the promising routes for upgrading pyrolysis liquids (PLs) to intermediates that can be co-fed with vacuum gas oil for FCC refinery. Among all the factors, catalysts are always crucial in catalytic hydrotreatment of PLs as hydrogenation and repolymerization reactions occur in parallel. Therefore, catalysts with sufficient hydrogenation activity are generally required to enhance the hydrogenation reaction and to inhibit the repolymerization reaction of the thermally liable compounds in PLs. Among all noble metal catalysts tested, Ru/C catalysts showed a better performance than other catalysts in terms of the oil yield and deoxygenation level. However, a clear repolymerization was observed during catalytic hydrotreatment of PLs using Ru/C catalysts, especially during mild hydrotreatment, thus there is still ample room for their activity improvement. Here, a series of Ru-based catalysts supported on nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NC) and activated carbon (AC) were prepared. The catalytic performance was evaluated for hydrotreatment of PLs in a batch autoclave (250 °C, 8 MPa H 2 , 4 h for mild hydrotreatment; 340 °C, 6 MPa H 2 , 4 h for deep hydrotreatment). The Ru catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped carbon materials, obtained by the polyol reduction method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the protective agent (Ru/NC (PVP)), showed a better performance (in terms of product oil properties) than the other catalysts investigated in this work, due to a good distribution of the ruthenium nanoparticles. For mild hydrotreatment the H/C ratio, O/C ratio and MCRT value were 1.42, 0.37 and 9.9 wt%, respectively. For deep hydrotreatment the H/C ratio, O/C ratio and MCRT value were 1.26, 0.16 and 4.6 wt%. The comparison with results published earlier for other hydrotreatment catalysts is satisfactory but also shows room for further improvement. GC–MS and 1 H NMR results showed that the contents of thermal liable components like aldehydes (16.7 %), ketones (24.3 %) and sugars (4.0 %) in PLs were quantitatively converted under mild hydrotreatment, while phenols and alkanes significantly increased from 35.9 %, 0 % to 49.1 %, 35.3 %, respectively, especially for deep hydrotreatment compared with PLs feed. The catalyst characterization revealed that Ru/NC (PVP) with the most uniform dispersion and the smallest average particle size (1.5 nm), rendered the best performance. These findings indicate that Ru/NC (PVP) catalyst is a promising candidate for the catalytic hydrotreatment of PLs.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Shaoya Li,Yanmei Zhou,Jin Wang,Mengmeng Dou,Qingyun Zhang,Kaili Huo,Chao Han,Jinyang Shi
The disposal and resource utilization of sewage sludge (SS) have always been significant challenges for environmental protection. This study employed straightforward pyrolysis to prepare iron-containing sludge biochar (SBC) used as a catalyst and to recover bio-oil used as fuel energy. The results indicated that SBC-700 could effectively activate persulfate (PS) to remove 97.2% of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) within 60 min. Benefiting from the appropriate iron content, oxygen-containing functional groups and defective structures provide abundant active sites. Meanwhile, SBC-700 exhibits good stability and reusability in cyclic tests and can be easily recovered by magnetic separation. The role of non-radicals is emphasized in the SBC-700/PS system, and in particular, single linear oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is proposed to be the dominant reactive oxygen. The bio-oil, a byproduct of pyrolysis, exhibits a higher heating value (HHV) of about 30 MJ/kg, with H/C and O/C ratios comparable to those of biodiesel. The energy recovery rate of the SS pyrolysis system was calculated at 80.5% with a lower input cost. In conclusion, this investigation offers a low-energy consumption and sustainable strategy for the resource utilization of SS while simultaneously degrading contaminants.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Zhen-Qiang Yu,Yao-Xin Xiao,Dong Liang,Che Zhao,Zhen Huang,Gang-Qi Cheng,Rui Shan,Hao-Ran Yuan,Yong Chen
The chemical upgrade of the waste polyester coating on the surface of aluminum cans to value-added products can not only decrease the release of toxic substances, but also improve the quality of aluminum in the recycling process. In this study, different types of zeolite molecular sieve catalysts loaded with Ni, Mo and Co were synthesized, and utilized in the rapid catalytic pyrolysis of polyester coating. Among them, the Ni/ZSM-5 achieved the maximum aromatic compounds yield of 68.43 % at 600 ℃. A series of characterization results demonstrated that the embedding of transition metals (like Ni) could promote the cyclization and aromatization of products through deoxidation and dehydrogenation reactions by changing the pore structure and increasing total acid content (Brønsted and Lewis acids) of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve. Meanwhile, the thermodynamics of polyester coating during catalytic pyrolysis was studied by thermogravimetric method. The average activation energy of Ni/ZSM-5 catalytic pyrolysis of polyester coating is 238.65 kJ/mol. Furthermore, even after being reused for over 5 cycles, the catalyst can still maintain a relatively high yield of aromatic compounds (exceeding 60 %). Finally, the mechanism for aromatic compounds formation from Ni-modified ZSM-5 in-situ catalyzed polyester coating pyrolysis was proposed. This work provided useful ideas for the subsequent treatment of solid wastes.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2024
·
IF 3
Zou Yanyan,Pau Dennis,Yi Linlin,Li Yaoqiang,Li Kaiyuan
13X zeolite–calcium oxide (CaO) composite capture agent application in the pyrolysis recovery of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based waste cables was investigated in this research to elucidate the agent’s efficiency in capturing chlorine (Cl) and carbon (C) during pyrolysis. The 13X zeolite–CaO mixture is subjected to separate pyrolysis of the PVC-based cable outer sheath in experimental furnaces of simulated solar-powered and thermogravimetry. Subsequently, a range of spectroscopic techniques are employed to quantitatively analyze the gaseous and solid products resulting from the pyrolysis process. Through X-ray fluorescence, total carbon, and other analyses, the research outcomes demonstrated that the capture agent exhibits superior Cl and C capture performance compared to using a single agent for plastic pyrolysis. The yield of Cl element in the solid residue has increased significantly by 130–140% under the presence of optimized composite capture agent. By determining the dynamic changes of gaseous and solid products during the cable outer sheath pyrolysis, the influence of the capture agent on the redistribution and transformation mechanisms of Cl and C elements was identified, and it was found that contaminating volatiles were well immobilized in the solid residue. This research provides a new solution for efficient Cl and C capture in the pyrolysis recovery of waste cables and determines the fixation and transformation mechanisms of Cl and C elements by the composite capture agent, indicating a potential for feasible and sustainable resource utilization of waste cables.
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RARE METALS
·
2024
·
IF 9.6
Wang Wei,Chen Jun-Yu,Ouyang Jie,Yin Hong,Li Ao-Jie,Chen Liang,Huang Jun-Lin,Zhu Yu-Can,Li Gang-Yong,Hou Zhao-Hui
Two-dimensional MoSe 2 is a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery anodes. However, its conductivity and lithium storage volumetric effect still need to be optimized. In this work, W-doped MoSe 2 /rGO paper-like microspheres are successfully prepared through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, achieving optimization at both the microstructure and mesostructure to enhance the lithium storage performance of the material. Firstly, by utilizing the similar two-dimensional structure between MoSe 2 and rGO, self-assembly is achieved through spray pyrolysis, resulting in a well-defined van der Waals heterostructure at the interface on the microscale, enhancing the electron and ion transfer capability of the composite. Secondly, the mesoscale paper-like microsphere morphology provides additional volume expansion buffering space. Moreover, W-doping not only increases the interlayer spacing of MoSe 2 (0.73 nm), thereby reducing the diffusion resistance of Li + , but also allow for the modulation of the energy band structure of the material. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that W-doped MoSe 2 /rGO exhibits the narrowest bandgap (0.892 eV). Therefore, the composite demonstrates excellent lithium storage performance, maintaining a specific capacity of 732.9 mAh·g −1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g −1 . Graphical abstract
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Liang Liu,Xiaoshuang Zhou,Wei Wang,Kewei Zhang,Xiankai Li,Long Chen,Yanhui Li
Cubic vanadium nitride (VN) holds substantial promise as an anode material for supercapacitors, owing to its high conductivity, theoretical capacity, and a wide negative voltage window. However, the tendency of VN to agglomerate, coupled with poor cycling stability from irreversible volume expansion during charge-discharge cycles, hinders its application in asymmetric supercapacitors. In this work, we reported a one-pot molten salt pyrolysis method to prepare VN/nitrogen doped porous carbon (VN/NPC) materials. The nitrogen-doped carbon material with 3D hierarchical porous structure not only facilitates ion diffusion and charge transport, but also serve as a matrix to in-situ synthesis VN nanoparticles to improve the cycling performance. The VN/NPC exhibits a specific capacitance of 272.3 F/g at 2 mV/s, and 268 F/g at 0.5 A/g. In addition, the VN/NPC demonstrates an excellent cycling stability with only 7 % capacity decay after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, the all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) constructed using VN/NPC as anode and NiCo-layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH) as cathode deliver remarkable energy densities of 61.1 and 22.9 Wh/kg at power densities of 700.4 and 7496.6 W/kg, respectively. In addition, this ASCs exhibits excellent cycling stability with 83 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. This work provides a green and facile method to prepare anode materials with high capacitance and excellent cycle performance for high energy density ASCs devices.
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高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 3
·274
·
IF 4
Xinglei Zhao,Jiamin Ding,Xin Xiao,Chengbo Zhang,Shengyong Lu,Zhanheng Zhu,Sheng Sun
Fly ash produced by Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) contains significant quantities of dioxins, posing a major challenge for safe disposal. Compared to other high-temperature disposal methods, low-temperature pyrolysis (<500 °C) can efficiently degrade dioxins in fly ash at relatively low temperatures. To better understand the effects of water-washing and catalysts on dioxin decomposition during low-temperature pyrolysis, this study investigates the impact of water-washing and three different catalysts (V2O5-WO3/TiO2, Fe/C, and CaO) on the decomposition of dioxins in washed fly ash (WFA). The results indicate that, despite the fact that water-washing pretreatment causes dioxin enrichment in WFA, the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of dioxins within WFA remains lower at the identical pyrolysis temperature when contrasted with that in raw fly ash (RFA). Low-temperature pyrolysis carried out at 250 °C is capable of degrading 99.3% of the dioxins present in water-washed fly ash, achieving a significantly better performance compared to the raw fly ash, which has a degradation efficiency of merely 80%. Nevertheless, when the temperature is set at 210 °C, the degradation efficiency of the WFA turns out to be relatively low, only reaching 29%. The addition of catalysts remarkably promoted dioxin degradation at 210 °C. Among them, CaO exhibited the most outstanding performance, achieving a degradation efficiency as high as 94.8%. It should be emphasized that the catalyst ratio plays a pivotal role in the degradation process. Specifically, the proportion of CaO should not to be less than 10 wt.%.
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