Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
Li Xiancheng,Xia Yuangu,Ma Yanchao,Liu Jiaxuan,Ma Yue,Wang Shuizhong,Lu Qiang,Song Guoyong
C-lignin, a natural biopolymer of caffeyl alcohol subunits linked by benzodioxane motifs, is an ideal feedstock for direct catechol production. However, its hydrogenolysis is hindered by the high bond dissociation energies and steric congestion of vicinal C–O bonds in benzodioxane structures. Here, we report a low-loaded Co–Zn dual single-atom catalyst (Co SA –Zn SA @NC) that enables efficient C-lignin hydrogenolysis, achieving 84.6% catechol yield, 82% selectivity toward 4-propylcatechol, and a turnover number five times higher than precious Ru/C, attributing to the synergistic effect of the dual atomic sites. The major product, 4-propylcatechol, can be readily purified and upgraded into diverse value-added molecules. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the Zn and Co species, acting as the directing and active centers, respectively, synergistically drive the quasi-concerted cleavage of the vicinal C–O bonds. This work presents an atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalyst for C-lignin hydrogenolysis, providing a sustainable route to well-defined aromatics.
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Small
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2026
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IF 11.8
Wanyun Huang,Xianghua Hu,Jiahao Li,Mengting Hu,Xiaoyun Qing,Qinpei Wang,Yunuo Niu,Xuhai Zhu,Yangbing Wen
Cellulose papers are sustainable alternatives to plastics but are often limited by poor water resistance and barrier properties. This study introduces a method to overcome these limitations by integrating softwood kraft lignin as a functional filler. Micronized lignin particles (4 µm) were produced via wet grinding and dispersed into a paper matrix at loadings up to 40%, followed by high-temperature pressing (160°C) to soften the lignin. This process created a composite with exceptional interfacial bonding between the softening lignin and cellulose fibers, yielding outstanding mechanical properties: a tensile strength of 82 MPa, a folding endurance of 891 cycles, and a density of 1 g/cm 3 . The barrier properties were also significantly enhanced, with water vapor and oxygen transmission rates reduced to 287 g/m 2 ·d and 114 cm 3 /m 2 ·d·0.1 MPa, respectively, representing decreases of 67% and 73% compared to conventional paperboard. This work establishes a viable paradigm for creating high-performance, fully biodegradable lignin-cellulose composites that bridge the functionality gap between paper and plastic, demonstrating immediate potential for sustainable packaging and covering applications.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2026
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IF 7.6
Kai Cai,Chenhao Yu,Yu Cheng,Chongyang Zhao,Jie Feng
The growing demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional thermoplastic vulcanization (TPV) has driven the need for novel biodegradable elastomers with high performance. However, existing biodegradable TPVs often suffer from insufficient elasticity and strength. This work addresses these limitations through a combined strategy of molecular engineering and lignin reinforcement. An amorphous cross-linkable PBATI elastomer was first synthesized by incorporating IPA into PBAT, disrupting chain regularity and maintaining the cross-linking property. A ternary TPV was fabricated via dynamic vulcanization, comprising PBATI as the dispersed rubber phase, PLA as the continuous matrix, and lignin as a multifunctional filler. Lignin acts as both a rigid reinforcing node and a chemical anchoring site, enhancing interfacial adhesion and inducing an interconnected PBATI network. At 10.5 wt % lignin loading, the tensile strength of TPV increases from 9.8 to 16.3 MPa, while 75% elastic recovery is maintained after 200% strain. The TPV also demonstrates stable cyclic compression behavior and a significantly reduced compression set. TPV exhibits excellent resistance to ultraviolet aging, and the biodegradation rate in natural soil within 180 days can reach over 60%. Moreover, they still maintain their original mechanical properties after multiple thermal pressing and processing cycles. This strategy provides a promising route to high-performance, fully biodegradable TPVs for sustainable applications.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
DongZhao Lu,Hao Zhang,YaChao Wang,Henri Vahabi
Multi-element bio-flame retardants have become an inevitable trend for designing green, ecological, and low-cost coatings, and the metal ions play a critical role in the catalytic charring. Our previous research has explored preparing flame retardant (DAL) by crosslinking 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene (DOPO) with sodium lignosulfonate (LS), and there is still potential to improve its flame retardancy by chelating iron. Herein, a new Si-P-N-Fe lignin derivative (FDAL) is synthesized through the solvothermal reaction of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O with DAL. A new silicone-acrylic emulsion-based (SAE-based) coating was prepared by introducing FDAL, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP). Cone calorimeter shows that there is an appropriate dosage of FDAL (1.30 g, 2.0 wt%), evidenced by the peak of heat release rate (p-HRR) decreased from 237.4 to 92.6 kW·m −2 and the total smoke release (TSP) diminished from 6.41 to 4.66 m 2 , respectively, as well as the LOI of 34.3% and the V-0 rating of UL-94. Microstructural analysis demonstrates that the doped FDAL transforms into Fe(PO 3 ) 3 and Fe 2 SiO 4 -containing resilient residues and enhance the gas/condensed phase fire barrier, leading to an increase in the activation energy rising from 281.77 to 340.65 kJ·mol −1 during 353–448 °C. It expands the halogen-free flame-retardant techniques and the theory of bio-based functional lignin derivatives.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Mengjiao Zhang,Wenlu Duan,Xingyu Zhou,Lupeng Shao,Srinivas Janaswamy,Chao Wang,Yu Liu,Feng Xu
Petroleum-based plastic packaging stays in the environment longer and raises safety concerns, prompting the development of sustainable bio‑based alternatives. Herein, high‑performance regenerated cellulose (RC) films reinforced with phenolated lignin nanoparticles (P‑LNPs) were developed by dissolving softwood pulp in an ZnCl 2 /AlCl 3 inorganic molten salt hydrate system and regenerating it in water. Phenolation increased lignin’s phenolic–OH content, and nanolization allowed for uniform nanoparticle dispersion and strong interfacial interactions within the cellulose matrix. At 3 wt% P‑LNPs (RCPL‑3), the composite film showed a balanced profile: tensile strength of 89.14 MPa; elongation at break of 9.47%; water vapor permeability of 0.91 × 10⁻¹ ² g·cm/(cm²·s·Pa); visible‑light transmittance of 83.78%; UV blocking over 90%; and a water contact angle of 103.2°. The films possess antioxidant activity and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . In a model application, RCPL-3 effectively slowed banana peel browning and reduced 7-day weight loss to 18%. Soil burial tests confirmed biodegradability with 71% mass loss after 60 days. These findings show that P-LNPs work together with regenerated cellulose to produce transparent, barrier-improved, antioxidant, and antibacterial films suitable for active, biodegradable food packaging.
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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 8.9
Guolan Dou,Shuai Huo,Menghan Wang,Peng Chen,Xiaoxing Zhong,Botao Qin
A CO 2 uptake of 65.7 mg/g was achieved in the lignin-modified cementitious sealing material under a 30% CO₂ atmosphere. • A competitive microstructural mechanism of C-A-S-H decalcification and carbonate precipitation was proposed. • The carbonated lignin-modified cementitious sealing material retains both low permeability and high compressive strength. To integrate in-situ CO 2 sequestration with coal mine sealing and fire prevention, this study investigated the carbonation behavior and comprehensive sealing performance of a lignin-modified coal-based solid waste cementitious material (LFGS). Synthesized via the alkali activation of fly ash, coal gangue, and ground granulated blast furnace slag, the LFGS specimen was evaluated under varying CO 2 concentrations and carbonation durations, utilizing ordinary Portland cement (P·O 42.5) as a reference. Results indicate that the carbonation depth of the LFGS specimen follows a square-root-of-time relationship indicative of diffusion-controlled kinetics, demonstrating superior long-term CO 2 accessibility compared to P·O 42.5. After 28 days of exposure to 30% CO 2 , the CO 2 uptake of the LFGS specimen reached 65.7 mg/g. Furthermore, quantitative analysis confirmed that the low lignin dosage (0.1 wt%) exerts a negligible effect on the reactive calcium reservoir. Microstructural characterization revealed a competitive mechanism of matrix deconstruction and pore filling during carbonation. While the decalcification of C-A-S-H gel induces degradation and pore coarsening within its network, the concurrent precipitation of calcite and vaterite effectively fills capillary pores and microcracks. Despite this microstructural reorganization, the LFGS specimen retained a compressive strength of 29.8 MPa even after achieving a CO 2 uptake of 65.7 mg/g. This mechanical performance substantially exceeds that of conventional mine sealing materials. Crucially, the carbonated material maintained a low permeability coefficient, ensuring effective gas barrier properties. These findings demonstrate that the LFGS system fulfills the mechanical and permeability requirements for underground sealing operations while acting as a CO 2 sink, providing a viable pathway for the synergistic management of solid waste utilization, mine safety, and greenhouse gas mitigation.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
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2026
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IF 4.6
Zihang Zhang,Jusheng Hu,Honghui Li,Zhandong Wang,Huiyan Zhang,Shurong Wang
The cross-coupling interaction mechanisms among biomass components pose a critical challenge in pyrolysis mechanism research. In this study, β -d-glucose and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol ( α -OH-PPE) were employed as model compounds for cellulose and lignin, respectively. By integrating density functional theory (DFT) calculations with experiments from synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS), a unified and hierarchical mechanistic framework was established to elucidate the progressively evolving hydrogen transfer-mediated interactions during biomass pyrolysis. Specifically, the identified interaction pathways were categorized into three modes: (i) mutual reactant–reactant cooperative hydrogen transfer, (ii) reactant-assisted hydrogen transfer, and (iii) product/intermediate-assisted hydrogen transfer. The results demonstrated that β - d -glucose and α -OH-PPE exhibited coupled bond cleavage through a cooperative hydrogen transfer mechanism, with energy barrier lying between those of the individual component reactions. Intermediates from β - d -glucose ring-opening (e.g., hydroxyacetaldehyde) could serve as hydrogen transfer mediators to promote bond cleavage reactions like Maccoll elimination in α -OH-PPE. Conversely, phenolic products and tautomers (e.g., 2,4-cyclohexadienone) derived from α -OH-PPE pyrolysis were found to lower the energy barriers for ring-opening, dehydration and secondary reactions of β - d -glucose. Product evolution from SVUV-PIMS showed that α -OH-PPE lowered the formation temperature of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro- α - d -glucopyranose and furan derivatives from β - d -glucose, while β - d -glucose broadened the temperature range over which α -OH-PPE maintained its maximum decomposition rate. This study provides a mechanistic framework for understanding component interactions in biomass pyrolysis. Novelty and significance statement This work addresses a critical challenge in understanding biomass pyrolysis mechanisms by clarifying the microscopic cross-coupling interactions between cellulose and lignin via intermolecular hydrogen transfer reactions. The main novelty lies in the development of a unified and hierarchical mechanistic framework that organizes multiple hydrogen transfer-mediated interaction modes into a progressively evolving representation of biomass pyrolysis, categorizing them into three modes: (i) mutual reactant–reactant cooperative hydrogen transfer, (ii) reactant-assisted hydrogen transfer, and (iii) product/intermediate-assisted hydrogen transfer. This framework enables a systematic interpretation of cross-coupling evolution across the pyrolysis process, elucidating the initial reaction steps in biomass combustion. These findings provide critical insights into establishing a mechanistic foundation for understanding the combustion of complex biomass components, thereby advancing sustainable energy utilization.
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SOLAR ENERGY
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2026
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IF 7.9
Yongfang Chen,He Zhang,Yuting Dai,Zhangdi Li,Yingying Zhang,Fengxian Qiu,Tao Zhang
Rice straw and lignin is used to from a cellulose/lignin composite membrane (CLCM) with photothermal de-icing properties. • Lignin incorporation boosts CLCM UV–Vis absorption (0.07 → 0.95), improving photothermal de-icing and UV resistance. • CLCM shortens ice slide by 72 s under 1 kW/m 2 solar radiation compared to CM. • CLCM can improve the germination rate and growth of soybean and Chinese cabbage. Agricultural films tend to freeze in low-temperature environments, causing a sharp decline in light transmission and thermal insulation properties, which severely hampers productivity in protected agriculture. The accumulation of ice layers intensifies the loss of light energy and heat dissipation, posing a severe threat to the stability of the crop growth environment. Here, a cellulose/lignin composite membrane with photothermal de-icing properties was prepared by green recombination technology using agricultural waste rice straw as raw materials. The activated cellulose is prepared by the extraction and activation process using rice straw as raw material, and the lignin/cellulose composite membranes is prepared by solution blending, scraping, and solution replacement. Due to the introduction of lignin, the CLCM exhibited a marked enhancement in absorption intensity (from 0.07 to 0.95) across the UV–visible spectrum (200–800 nm), which effectively improves its photothermal de-icing performance and UV resistance properties. Photothermal de-icing properties results show that under the solar radiation of 1 kW·m −2 , the complete sliding time of ice on the surface of CLCM is 72 s shorter than the CM, showing excellent de-icing performance. Under simulated light radiation, three temperature test point temperature in the self-made experimental device under CLCM coverage increases with the illumination time. In addition, Chinese cabbage and soybean germination rates reached 85 % and 83.3 % respectively under CLCM coverage, showing significantly stronger growth than under PE film coverage and no mulching. The developed photothermal deicing agricultural film effectively maintains optical and thermal properties by actively removing ice, providing a promising strategy to enhance the resilience of protected agricultural systems.
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BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 3.6
Wenjie Wang,Qiang Li,Niuniu Deng,Gengsheng Ji
Inspired by the protective and structural role of plant cell walls, we developed a synthetic cell wall using cationic lignin and carboxymethyl cellulose to encapsulate Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the single-cell level. This artificial cell wall enhances S. cerevisiae 's fermentation efficiency and improves glucose uptake under extreme environmental conditions. The single-cell artificial cell wall encapsulation markedly improved the metabolic efficiency of S. cerevisiae without substantially impeding its normal growth and reproductive capacity. Notably, the encapsulated S. cerevisiae demonstrated superior cell proliferation over non-encapsulated cell under NaCl stress (P < 0.01). The tolerance of S. cerevisiae to the low temperature at 4 ℃ increased by 14.48%(P < 0.01) respectively after encapsulation of the artificial cell wall. Moreover, the lignin-cellulose artificial cell wall represents a novel strategy to enhance both fermentative capacity and environmental stress tolerance in S. cerevisiae , demonstrating significant potential for industrial-scale applications.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Xiuyu Qi,Shu Yang,Zhou Xu,Yunpeng Ma,Zhiqiao Lin,Lingyue Yan,Wenjie Liu,Jiawei Li,Zhen Zhang,Cheng Cai,Feng Zhang,Haowen Tang,Chengzong Li,Li Zhu,Xiaoli Gu,Chang Cui,Minglong Chen
Malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) post myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of sudden death in affected patients. Hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in the onset and persistence of MVA after MI. While percutaneous stellate ganglion block with local anesthetics is an effective minimally invasive approach for transient MVA attenuation, achieving prolonged sympathetic blockade remains challenging. This study developed a novel injectable thermosensitive hydrogel-lignin-microsphere system for the sustained release of lidocaine (Gel-LMS Lido), aiming at long-term suppression of sympathetic nerve activity. Lignin-modified PLGA microspheres were used as the drug carrier, encapsulating lidocaine for sustained release. These microspheres were incorporated into a PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel matrix, making up a triple-release system. The designed hydrogel-microsphere system demonstrated excellent injectability, controlled drug release profiles, prolonged pharmacological efficacy, robust in situ stability, and biocompatibility. In a rat MI model induced by left anterior descending coronary ligation, the materials were injected near the cervical stellate ganglion. Up to 2 weeks post-infarction, the sympathetic nerve activity was continuously suppressed and both the incidence and the duration of MVA were notably reduced in the Gel-LMS Lido group. Moreover, the Gel-LMS Lido was successfully extended to the treatment of sciatica, delivering a single injection with therapeutic effects lasting up to one week, highlighting the broad potential of present system for peripheral neuromodulation. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate the use of a tailored Gel-LMS Lido triple-release system for cardiac neural modulation, significantly enhancing therapeutic outcomes in ischemic ventricular arrhythmias. Download: Download high-res image (130KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
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2026
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IF 6.9
Xing-Hong Chen,Bo-Kai Liao,Xing-Peng Guo
Background With increasing environmental concerns, the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors has gained significant attention. Lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer on Earth, possesses abundant functional groups such as hydroxyl and methoxy groups, which offer considerable potential for use as a green corrosion inhibitor. Methods Solvent-induced self-assembly is a preparation method that utilizes changes in the solvent environment to drive the spontaneous formation of ordered molecular structures. Both sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) possess functional groups, including sulfonic acid and quaternary ammonium groups, respectively, which endow them with excellent self-assembly potential. In this study, SLS and CTAB were employed as raw materials to prepare the novel material, designated as SLS-CTAB, using the solvent-induced self-assembly method. The corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of SLS-CTAB as a high-efficiency, green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environments were systematically investigated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical tests, and multiscale characterization methods. Significant Findings This method enabled the efficient preparation of SLS-CTAB, achieving a yield of 38.98%. Weight loss measurements showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 94.22% at 50 mg/L. Mechanistic analysis suggested that SLS-CTAB could act as a hybrid corrosion inhibitor by spontaneously adsorbing onto the carbon steel surface through the physical and chemical adsorptions. This process formed a hydrophobic protective film that effectively inhibited the penetration of corrosive ions, thereby exhibiting superior corrosion inhibition performance.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2026
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IF 7.6
Haiyu Chen,Yanming Wang,Suen Hou,Shiwei Liu,Lu Li,Qiong Wu,Yue Liu,Yuxiang Liu,Weikun Jiang,Hailong Yu
The delignification mechanisms and structural evolution of lignin from poplar wood (PW) and corn stover (CS) were investigated during pretreatment with acidic, neutral, and alkaline choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The delignification process was found to be primarily governed by the multi-level hydrogen bonding interactions. The hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) of DESs acted as “molecular crowbars” to preferentially disrupt the lignin hydrogen bonding network, while Cl– ions further extended the lignin conformation through stronger hydrogen bonding. Alkaline DESs formed the strongest hydrogen bonding interactions, achieving the highest delignification efficiencies (78.8% for PW; 89.3% for CS). They preferentially cleaved G-type β-O-4 bonds via a “deprotonation–cyclization–cleavage” mechanism, yielding high–molecular–weight lignin with excellent β-O-4 retention (∼50/100 Ar), abundant aliphatic hydroxyls, and low condensation degree. Acidic DESs, despite possessing the strongest individual hydrogen bond strengths, exhibited lower total interaction energies and delignification efficiencies (72.4% for PW; 71.3% for CS). They preferentially cleaved S-type β-O-4 bonds through a “protonation–elimination–cleavage” mechanism via benzyl carbocation intermediates, producing low–molecular–weight lignin with high phenolic hydroxyl content (∼3.5 mmol/g) but the highest condensation degree. Neutral DESs showed the lowest efficiencies (53.2% for PW; 64.2% for CS) due to weak hydrogen bonding interactions. Although following a similar cleavage mechanism to acidic DESs, their alcoholic HBDs readily captured carbocations to form α-etherification byproducts, hindering β-O-4 cleavage and yielding lignin with “intermediate-state” characteristics. This study provides theoretical guidance for targeted lignin depolymerization and high-value utilization.
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