JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Shengpeng Xia,Liang Zhu,Wei Cai,Hanle Cai,Yutao Zhang,Zhongqing Ma
Alkali and alkaline-earth metals (AAEMs) are inherently present in biomass and exert pronounced influences during thermochemical conversion. However, the effects of different AAEM salt systems on the pyrolysis behavior and product distribution of individual biomass components remain insufficiently understood. In this work, the effects of representative AAEM salt systems based on different cations (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) and potassium salts with different counter-anions (Cl - , CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - , SO 4 2- , PO 4 3- , and CH 3 COO - ) on the fast pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan), and lignin were systematically investigated using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with detailed product characterization. The results demonstrate that AAEM salt composition strongly influences thermal decomposition behavior, product evolution, and carbon partitioning among char, bio-oil, and gas phases. Under chloride salt conditions, monovalent cations (K + and Na + ) generally promote depolymerization-related transformations and moderate formation of sugars or oxygenated compounds, whereas divalent cations (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) induce distinct changes in ring-opening, dehydration, and furan-related product formation, likely associated with stronger interactions with oxygen-containing structures. Different potassium salt systems exhibit distinct product distributions, indicating that K + availability and counter-anion-associated chemistry, contribute to the observed pyrolysis behaviors. Phosphate- and sulfate-containing salts show stronger tendencies toward carbon retention, whereas acetate-, bicarbonate-, and carbonate-containing systems lead to different distributions of volatile oxygenates and hydrocarbons. In xylan pyrolysis, K 2 CO 3 - and KHCO 3 - -containing systems generate contrasting hydrocarbon and oxygenated product distributions, highlighting the influence of salt composition on intermediate transformation under intensified salt–biomass interactions. Overall, AAEM effects depend on metal species, counter-anion chemistry, biomass composition, and loading conditions. Lower AAEM concentrations favor stabilization of primary pyrolysis intermediates, whereas higher loadings promote secondary conversion processes that redistribute products among char, bio-oil, and gas phases. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of AAEM salts in biomass pyrolysis and offer guidance for tailoring product distributions toward renewable chemicals and carbon-rich materials.
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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2025
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IF 7.4
Yifang Hua,Qinghua Peng,Jingjing Yang,Mengyuan Zheng,Shuhui Liu,Lianfeng Wu,Jian Liu,Jun Sun,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
Epoxy resin (EP) is widely used outdoors due to its high bonding strength and good chemical resistance. However, its inherent flammability limits its application scope, and exposure under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation will severely destroy the crosslinking network, resulting in bond failure. In this work, a solvent-free mechanochemical strategy was employed to phosphorylate lignin, yielding a multifunctional filler (PL). At the loading of 10% PL, the cured EP achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 35.7%. In the cone calorimetry test, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 70.9% and 62.7%, respectively. In addition, PL exhibited strong free radical scavenging ability, effectively inhibiting chain scission during UV aging. As a result, the EP maintained a smooth and intact surface after 150 h of UV exposure. This study not only provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for enhancing the flame retardancy and weatherability of EP, but also offers a high-value utilization pathway for lignin.
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
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2025
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IF 7.3
Jiahao Wang,Zepeng Wang,Enfu Wang,Zijian Deng,Tao Lin,Wenbiao Zhang,Luming Li
Oil leakage has always been of great concern to researchers. However, developing materials with high oil selectivity and simple recovery capabilities still requires breakthroughs. Here, a novel lignin-based superhydrophobic magnetic polyurethane (PU) sponge was prepared through simple soaking a superhydrophobic magnetic coating using phosphorylated alkaline lignin (PL) as a template for in-situ formation of iron oxides, PDMS and MTMS as hydrophobic modifiers, PDMS as a binder, and PU sponges with excellent mechanical properties as the representative porous material. In the system, PL is prepared by grafting phosphate groups on the surface of alkaline lignin (AL). After adding the phosphate group, PL will be uniformly dispersed in the system and can adsorb Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ to generate Fe 3 O 4 particles that is uniformly dispersed and does not affect the pore structure. PL and Fe 3 O 4 together as rough structures, under the synergistic effect of silane long chain formed by the hydrolysis of PDMS and MTMS achieve superhydrophobic properties, so as to provide a high oil selectivity of the system. Moreover, the uniformly dispersed Fe 3 O 4 enables the porous material to obtain magnetic properties that are easily recovered by magnets after oil-water separation. The prepared modified PL@Fe 3 O 4 composite sponge shows excellent superhydrophobic (water contact angle of 152.2°), oil absorption (7.95–20.48 g/g for various oils or organics) and magnetic properties (2.87 emu/g). This strategy opens up new possibilities for improving the utilization rate of lignin and porous materials.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2026
·Vol. 61
·期 8
·5353-5368
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IF 3.9
Wang Rui,Pang Guoli,Zhu Yuping,Liu Yiming,Zhang Qiang,Ji Yongfeng,Dong Lili,Lei Tingzhou,Ren Suxia
Ideal double-layer capacitor electrodes require both high specific surface area and a porous structure efficiently wetted by electrolyte ions. Therefore, precisely controlling the pore structure of porous carbon materials to synergistically enhance both specific surface area and ion transport efficiency has become a key research challenge. This study employs lignin as a renewable carbon source, utilizing a templating approach to controllably synthesize hierarchical porous carbon materials. It systematically investigates the effects of single MgO hard templates, MgO-P123 dual templates, and single P123 soft templates on material structure and electrochemical performance. The MgO templating agent primarily contributes macropores/mesopores, enhancing ion transport and structural stability; the P123 templating agent mainly contributes mesopores, providing an efficient transport network and high specific surface area; the MgO and P123 dual-templating agents synergistically construct a multi-level pore structure comprising micropores, mesopores, and macropores. The ELCP-0.25 porous carbon prepared using P123 exhibits a high specific surface area and hierarchical porous structure, demonstrating outstanding performance in electrochemical energy storage applications. Within a three-electrode test system, this material displays exceptional electrochemical properties in KOH electrolyte, achieving a specific capacitance of 430 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Based on ELCP-0.25, symmetrical supercapacitors assembled with KOH and Et 4 NBF 4 /PC as electrolytes exhibit high specific capacitance and excellent cycle stability of 343 F/g and 161.84 F/g, respectively, with capacitance retention rates of up to 99.33% and 76.64% after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. This work demonstrates the advantages of the template method in constructing hierarchical porous carbon materials, providing an effective technical approach for converting biomass waste into electrode materials for energy storage devices.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9
Xiaomeng Yang,Jianping Li,Yuandong Xu,Dan Wu,He Liu,Yongsheng Zhang,Chunbao Xu
Bio-oil derived from the lignin with natural aromatic structures requires deoxygenation to serve as a petroleum fuel substitute. However, the traditional bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process encounters challenges such as the use of high-pressure H 2 , and precious metal catalysts. In this work, we investigated the effect of NiMn/NC catalyst on the in-situ HDO performance of guaiacol, a commonly used lignin oil model compound. The results indicate that 95.44% conversion of guaiacol and 81.89% deoxygenation products selectivity (cyclohexanol and cyclohexane) can be achieved at 150°C with a water/isopropanol system. During the HDO of real lignin oil, the upgraded oil product achieved a yield of 14.32 wt%, with a high H/C ratio (1.71%). Analysis of the mechanism suggests that the in-situ HDO reaction of substrate is synergistically promoted by the high surface area and weak acidic sites of the carbon support and nickel-oxygen vacancy interface. This work presents an advanced strategy for the in-situ HDO of bio-oil into bio-based liquid fuel by nickel-based catalysts.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
·
IF 6.2
Muhammad Chawla,Xiyue Lu,Mooeez ur Rehman,Fan Sun,Yu Chen,Wei Liu,Yongli Ma,Mingyan Liu,Yujun Zhao
The development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts utilizing non-noble metals for the conversion of biomass and biofuels and valuable chemicals is essential for sustainable energy production. Development of zeolite-based catalyst with high selectivity and stability is crucial for HDO process, yet it remains a significant challenge. HSSZ-13 as a support has not yet been explored in the HDO of phenolic compounds. In this work, we present hierarchical HSSZ-13 zeolite loaded with Ni particles, designed to possess a highly Lewis acid site. Ni loaded HSSZ-13 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios (30, 70, 110 and 400) were synthesized using citrate assisted incipient impregnation method. These catalysts were then evaluated for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol into cyclohexane, and compared their performance against Ni/SiO 2 , commercial Ni/SiO 2(com) and Ni/Al 2 O 3 . The optimized Ni/HSSZ-13 having Si/Al ratio of 70, showed superior performance under mild conditions. This enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to a synergistic interaction between acidic sites and metallic Ni. Additionally, hierarchical pore structure of Ni/HSSZ-13, which improves Ni dispersion on the catalyst surface, thereby enhancing its performance. Ni 2 + ions residing inside the intracrystalline mesopores or present as isolated species within the HSSZ-13 framework generate Lewis acid sites. These sites greatly improve HDO performance and promote the reaction to produce more cyclohexane. Particularly, this catalyst showed strong ability to break both α-O-4 and β-O-4 bonds in different lignin compounds, highlighting its broad adaptability, durability and practical application. Overall, this catalyst offers an effective and economically feasible route for producing diesel range fuel from renewable biomass.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9
Xiaoyu Li,Simiao Huang,Ruijie Wu,Changhang Zhang,Chao Lyu,Hao Yao,Hailan Lian,Henrikki Liimatainen
Lignin valorization often faces barriers owing to its intrinsic structural heterogeneity, poor aqueous processability, and limited chemical reactivity. To address these obstacles, the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to rationally design amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADES) that enable one-pot lignin dissolution, chemical modification, and fractionation. High–throughput screening identified five AADES, and a streamlined process (solid/liquid ratio of 1:8; 100–130 °C; 2–4 h) with staged antisolvent precipitation yielded primary (LA) and secondary (LB) lignin fractions. A lysine-formic acid DES at 120 °C for 4 h yielded > 60 % recovery of the LB fraction, with the highest nitrogen (N) incorporation (2.66 wt% in bulk and 2.30 wt% at the surface) while largely preserving the aromatic lignin backbone. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed carbon–N bond formation via nucleophilic attack at the benzylic (Cα) position of lignin. The weight-average molecular weight of lignin decreased from 3773 to 2839 g mol −1 , with dispersity narrowing from 1.76 to 1.32, accompanied by increased phenolic hydroxyl groups and enhanced thermal stability (T max = 355–360 °C). Overall, the nucleophilic nature of AADES suppresses lignin condensation while enabling selective N -functionalization, providing a solvent-selection strategy for scalable lignin valorization.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2019
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IF 4.784
Siqi Huang,Linjun Wu,Tianzhang Li,Danyuan Xu,Xuliang Lin,Chuande Wu
The severe preparation process, poor swelling properties and mechanical properties of traditional cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogels heavily limited their practical applications. To solve these issues, we use long-chain hydroxyethyl celluloses (HECs) as framework backbones, short-chain PVAs as branched chains, lignin molecules as extended crosslinkers and epichlorohydrin molecules as crosslinkers to prepare the lignin-based hydroxyethyl cellulose-PVA (LCP) super-absorbent hydrogels in the alkaline aqueous solution under mild reaction conditions, demonstrating high swelling ratio of up to 1220 g/g. The LCP hydrogels could take up large amounts of positively charged dyes rhodamine 6G, crystal violet and methylene blue with uptakes of 153, 184 and 196 mg/g, respectively. The LCP super-absorbent hydrogels also present excellent water retention, biodegradability and excellent swelling properties, which are very promising for applications in the fields of commercial diapers, soil water retention and seed cultivation in agriculture, and dye pollutant removal.
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高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2019
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IF 6.97
Zhaodong Zhu,Shiyu Fu,Lucian A. Lucia
Microparticle annular structures resembling “donuts” were obtained from spray drying of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions by addition of lignin. The formation of the donut and its accompanying pit were from the hydrophobicity of lignin that increased water evaporation kinetics during spray drying and decreased ability of water storage inside the microparticles. Indeed, the water inside the microsphere burst the center of the microsphere as verified by fluorescence imaging in which lignin was demonstrated to be concentrated in the center of the annular microsphere; although it was distributed throughout the microsphere, water on the surface of the hydrophobic lignin evaporated faster than on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) so that the solid lignin shrank faster than CNC during material aggregation and preferentially concentrated in the center of the microparticle. The particles were modified with a hydrophobic agent, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare superhydrophobic coatings that greatly depended on the dosage of lignin during particle preparation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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高分子科学
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胶体与界面化学
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9
Yulu He,Ruojin Shen,Chao Wang,Lupeng Shao,Xianhai Zeng,Aiyong He,Xingxiang Ji,Guihua Yang,Feng Xu
Lignin condensation and the recalcitrance of lignocellulose during conventional fractionation limit their valorization. Herein, we develop a tunable ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) composed of guanidine hydrochloride, lactic acid, and ethylene glycol for efficient fractionation of moso bamboo. By modulating the EG content, 74.3% delignification was achieved while preserving lignin structure, as confirmed by a β‑O‑4 content of 26.3/100 Ar (61.3% retention). Lignin nanoparticles self‑assembled into uniform lignin nanobottles (LNBs) with size controlled by lignin structure. Moreover, the preserved structural integrity enabled a high bio‑oil yield of 39.7 wt%. 4‑Vinylphenol was identified by Py‑GC/MS as the dominant product. Strong positive correlations were observed between β‑O‑4 content and both LNBs size and bio‑oil yield. Enzymatic saccharification of the treated residue achieved up to 94.4% glucose conversion. This work establishes a clear structure‑property relationship and presents a “structure‑first” strategy for dual‑pathway lignin valorization into nanomaterials and fuels.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·122304
·
IF 7.5
Ye Tian,Mengxing Yu,Lei Wang,Xiaohan Zhu,Jiahui Wei,Ningbo Yang,Fengli Yu,Bing Yuan
The development of non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and selectivity in the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process of vanillin (VL) to produce 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) remains a challenge. This study demonstrates the preparation of a highly efficient Cu nanoparticles catalyst, Cu/N@ALC, using alkali lignin (AL) and dicyandiamide (DCA) as the carbon source and nitrogen source of the lignin-based nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon support, respectively. Characterization using isothermal nitrogen adsorption/desorption, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, and TEM demonstrated that DCA played the role of porogen in the preparation of lignin-based mesoporous carbon supports, and the average pore size of the mesopores could be stabilized in the range of 21–23 nm when the pyrolysis temperature was 900 °C and above, which provided a good environment for the diffusion and adsorption of the Cu salt precursors. And some N elemental residues were uniformly distributed in the mesoporous carbon, which played a key role in the anchoring of Cu species. Cu/N 8 @ALC 900 , the obtained highly dispersed copper nanoparticle catalyst, demonstrated an average particle size as low as 2.6 nm and good stability, was found to convert vanillin almost entirely to MMP at 135 °C, 2.0 MPa, and 4 h. The experimental results showed that both Cu 0 and Cu + species on the catalyst surface played a synergistic role in HDO process, thus resulting in excellent catalytic performance. This work provides valuable insights into the rational construction of efficient, non-noble metal nanoparticle catalysts based on alkali lignin for the conversion of lignin-based platform compounds.
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SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
·
2026
·
IF 2.7
Yue Wang,Shengnan Yang,Jiawei Luo,Xiaodan Liu,Pan Cao
Mechanical components made of aluminum suffer from severe friction, wear, biofouling, and corrosion, yet existing coatings often fail to maintain stable tribological performance under cyclic loading. In this study, a nature-inspired multifunctional coating was fabricated on aluminum via co-deposition of lignin, Fe 3+ , dopamine, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The Fe 3+ ions coordinate with phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin while simultaneously participating in Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions with DA and PEI, forming a dense crosslinked network. With an optimal lignin content of 5 wt% (L 5 /DA/PEI), the coating exhibits a significantly reduced coefficient of friction (0.43–0.46) and superior wear resistance, attributed to the lubricating boundary film formed by oxygen-containing groups in lignin. The same coating also demonstrates outstanding adhesion (96.97% residual area) and excellent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution. Meanwhile, the coating with 10 wt% lignin (L 10 /DA/PEI) displays remarkable antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , benefiting from enhanced Fenton-like reactions that generate toxic hydroxyl radicals. The findings open new avenues for designing eco-friendly, multifunctional protective surfaces for durable aluminum components under complex service environments.
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