Food & Function
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2026
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IF 6.3
Hongyu Zhang,Chaoran Li,Tianjiao Li,Fuyu Li,Xiangheng Cao,Yang Yang,Da Wang,Mingyou Yuan,Qiuyi Li,Xuebo Liu,Mengge Zhao
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a worldwide metabolic disorder. We developed a functional fermented beverage by fermenting Aronia melanocarpa (AR) with the urate-lowering probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LP). Firstly, untargeted metabolomics revealed that LP balanced its aroma and imparted a lactic flavor to AR and increased the concentrations of certain compounds with anti-HUA properties (e.g., caffeic acid and shikimic acid). In HUA mice, AR, fermented AR (FAR) and sterilized FAR (FARS) reduced serum uric acid, improved renal function, and suppressed inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. They also down-regulated the levels of XOD, ADA and URAT1. The fermented beverage showed superior efficacy, enhancing XOD inhibition by about 30% and additionally inhibiting GLUT9. FAR and FARS increased fecal butyrate, likely by enriching Faecalibaculum and Anaerostipes. Because the anti-HUA patterns of FAR and FARS were similar, and no colonization of Lactobacillus was observed, the postbiotics may serve as the primary factors contributing to the enhanced anti-HUA activity of the fermented beverage.
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
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2026
·Vol. 21
·期 4
·340
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IF 2.6
Hou Bo,Ma Dewei,Yang Keke,Peng Mingwei,Liu Qinglong,Heng Ziwen,Chen Siyuan,Liu Wei
Purpose Retinol (RET) and niacinamide (NA) are widely used in anti-aging and skin-brightening skincare products. However, RET is unstable under light and oxygen, while NA exhibits poor skin permeation. This study aimed to develop a liposomal co-delivery system (RN-Lip) to overcome these limitations and enhance the synergistic efficacy of the two compounds. Method RN-Lip was prepared by lipid film hydration, followed by extrusion to decrease particle size. The liposomal formulation was optimized, and its stability was evaluated under various conditions. Additionally, in vitro transdermal delivery, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and cellular efficacy evaluations were performed. Results The optimized RN-Lip exhibited a particle size of 147.03 ± 3.76 nm. The encapsulation efficiencies (EE) for NA and RET were 19.47% and 41.67%, respectively. Liposomal encapsulation improved the stability of RET, with a 7-fold higher retention rate than free RET after 30 days of storage at room temperature (under light protection). Compared to free NA and RET, liposomal encapsulation increased the skin retention of NA and RET by 3.8-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, and further enhanced cellular uptake. Furthermore, RN-Lip reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells compared to the free combination of RET and NA, promoted collagen I synthesis in BJ cells, and protected HaCaT cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage. Conclusion RN-Lip successfully co-delivered RET and NA, overcoming their individual limitations and boosting their skincare functionalities. Thus, this system holds significant potential for advanced anti-aging and skin-brightening applications.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
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IF 8.8
Hui Xu,Minmin Lian,Qunna Yang,Zhizhi Yang,Jianyu Huang,Jicheng Chen
This study investigated the patterns and mechanisms of dimethylpyrazines (DMPs) formation based on hydroxyacetone (HA) and established a machine learning predictive model. We found the HA-ammonium acetate system as optimal, and the formation of DMPs followed a zero-order kinetic model. Under the proposed ‘building-block coupling effect’, DMP isomers are selectively generated through heterotypic C₃-C₃ coupling to yield 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, asymmetric C₄-C₂ assembly leading to 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, and homotypic C₃-C₃ coupling to form 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. The critical intermediate 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid was tentatively identified in the system, which is involved in three reaction pathways. Machine learning models were further applied to predict DMP isomers content, with the ExtraTrees regressor showing the highest predictive accuracy (R 2 ≈ 0.98). Feature importance and SHAP analyses consistently identified temperature as the primary driving factor. Correlation analysis confirmed pathway-specific dependencies on reaction conditions. This work refines the mechanistic for DMP formation and provide an integrated mechanistic and data-driven framework for controlling DMPs formation and tailoring pyrazine profiles for rational flavor design.
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HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2026
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IF 6.3
Huazhen Cao,Canjiang Li,Junfeng Kong,Lining Yu,Anyang Tang,Jingnan Zheng,Zhengzheng Liu,Huibin Zhang,Guoqu Zheng
Zinc vacuum smelting slag contains valuable metals, including gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), and indium (In). However, their highly dispersed distribution presents significant challenges for efficient recovery. This study developed a sustainable stepwise leaching strategy, combining sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) leaching with acetic acid (HAc) leaching, for the efficient recovery of Ga, Ge, and In from refractory zinc vacuum smelting slag. The complex occurrence states of Ga, Ge, and In in the slag and their transformation behaviors during leaching behaviors were systematically investigated. During H 2 SO 4 leaching, zinc (Zn) recovery reached up to 96.3% under optimal conditions, while the valuable metals (Ga, Ge, and In) became enriched in the H 2 SO 4 post-leach residues. The enrichment mechanism of Ga, Ge, and In in the post-leach residues was elucidated and found to involve hydrolysis and replacement processes. Subsequently, the H 2 SO 4 post-leach residues were treated with HAc to recover Ga, Ge, and In, achieving recoveries of 83.3%, 91.2%, and 91.4%, respectively. Through a cyclic leaching process (five cycles), the concentrations of Ga, Ge, and In in solution were increased to 0.72 g/L, 5.14 g/L, and 2.71 g/L, respectively. This green and efficient process offers a technically feasible and environmentally benign strategy for recovering valuable metals from secondary resources, thereby promoting resource circularity and waste valorization in the zinc industry.
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CELLULAR SIGNALLING
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2026
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IF 4.7
Yuan Wang,Li Zhu,Xinyi Huang,Zijun Zhou,Yinli Xu,Boxuan Sun,Jiahui Li,Liming Yu,Huishan Wang
Muscle-specific histone methyltransferase 1 (Smyd1) is required for skeletal and cardiac muscle development, yet its roles and mechanisms in diabetes-associated atrial fibrillation (AF) remain poorly defined. This study aims to elucidate the role of the Smyd1-PGC-1α pathway in the pathogenesis of AF and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, employing bioinformatic data and in vivo/in vitro experiment, we demonstrated that Smyd1 is significantly down-regulated in the atrium of diabetic mice and in HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with high-glucose/palmitic acid (HG/PA). This detrimental effect was coincided with diminished PGC-1α transcription and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, contributing to pathological atrial enlargement, structural and electrical remodeling, fibrosis, lipid droplet accumulation, and increased AF susceptibility. Crucially, Smyd1 overexpression reversed the aforementioned damage. Mechanistically, cardiac-specific overexpression of Smyd1 enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration by activating PGC-1α transcription and ameliorated HG/PA-induced dysfunction in mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential. This pathway attenuates high-fat-diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) -induced myocardial injury and reduces susceptibility to diabetes-associated AF. These findings indicate that the Smyd1-PGC-1α axis represents a promising preclinical target that warrants further investigation in human tissues and clinical settings.
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TALANTA
·
2026
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IF 6.7
Hailiang Qin,Xinyan Guo,Yao Zhao,Meng Luo,Minqiao Feng,Haoqian Xue,Pengbo Zhang,Meilin Zhou,Na Wang,Shuxia Xu
Kanamycin (Kana) residues released into aquatic environments due to its extensive use have raised increasing concerns because of their potential risks to ecosystems and human health. In this work, we report a label-free split aptamer-modified gold nanoflower (AuNF)-based aptasensing platform with colorimetric and electrochemical readouts for the determination of Kana in water. Two thiolated split aptamer fragments (SPA1 and SPA2) were immobilized on AuNFs through Au–S bonds. The flower-like AuNFs provided a high-surface-area scaffold for aptamer loading, while the DNA modification further enhanced the peroxidase-like activity of AuNFs toward TMB oxidation. In the presence of Kana, target-induced assembly of SPA1 and SPA2 promoted the aggregation of AuNFs, which inhibited their catalytic activity toward TMB oxidation, thereby reducing oxTMB formation and the resulting colorimetric and electrochemical signals. Based on this signal-off mechanism, the platform enabled quantitative detection of Kana with linear ranges of 100–3000 nM for colorimetry and 50–2000 nM for chronoamperometry, with limits of detection of 0.51 and 0.074 nM, respectively. The method also showed satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and storage stability. In spiked environmental water samples, recoveries ranged from 87.7% to 106.2% with relative standard deviations below 5.0%, and the electrochemical results were in acceptable agreement with those obtained by HPLC–MS. This study provides a simple and effective dual-readout aptasensing strategy for Kana determination in environmental water samples.
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MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
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2026
·Vol. 26
·期 8
·e70229
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IF 4.2
Chanyuan Liu,Zhifang Li,Yujiao Jiang,Xuelan Hu,Xinpeng Yang,Yi Wang,Xiaoyi Cao,Haodi Qi,Jianfeng Zeng,Shuwang Wu,Xiaoming Li
Clinically small-molecule magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents face limitations due to safety concerns, low relaxivity, narrow imaging windows, and restricted targeting capabilities. This study synthesized biocompatible nanogels via the polymerization of N-vinyl caprolactam and vinyl phosphonic acid. The nanogels containing phosphonic acid groups could tightly bind with Mn 2+ , which could improve the biosafety by preventing the release of free Mn 2+ . Meanwhile, the strong ligand effect improved the longitudinal relaxivity of encapsulated Mn 2+ to 29.8 mM − 1 s − 1 , which was roughly 3.5 times, 10.6 times, and 6.6 times higher than that of manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ), mangafodipir (MnDPDP) and gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), respectively. These nanogels exhibited the capability of targeting bone metastases and bone tissues in vivo owing to the phosphonic acid groups. Moreover, these nanogels-based contrast agents prolonged the effective imaging window due to the increased circulation time. They also exhibited a loading capacity for clinical hydrophobic drugs, such as atovaquone (ATO), thereby potentially improving the pharmacokinetics. This work highlights the prospect of poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) based nanogels as multifunctional nanoplatforms for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Hong Li,Haiying Cui,Tariq Aziz,Ashwag Shami,Abdelrahman R. Ahmed,Fakhria A. Al-Joufi,Lin Lin
Inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on the AgrA LytTR- agr complex was revealed. • The AgrA LytTR domain protein was purified successfully. • EMSA confirmed phloretin may disrupt the binding of AgrA LytTR domain and P3 promoter. • MD simulations revealed that phloretin sterically hindered AgrA- agr binding, validated by mixed fluorescence quenching. • Phloretin acts as QSI to inhibit the secretion of enterotoxin and hemolysin in beef. Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) represents a major foodborne pathogen whose enterotoxin production poses significant challenges to food safety due to its high environmental resistance and limited efficacy of conventional sterilization. Since the expression of enterotoxins is predominantly governed by the agr quorum sensing system, targeting this regulatory pathway has become a strategic choice for virulence control. This study elucidated the mechanism by which phloretin, a potential quorum sensing inhibitor, interferes with the agr system to attenuate virulence. To achieve this, the recombinant AgrA LytTR domain was expressed and purified, and its interaction with phloretin was characterized using thermal shift assays (TSA), electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that phloretin specifically binds to the AgrA LytTR domain, enhancing its thermal stability and disrupting AgrA LytTR- agr operon binding by reducing the free energy of interaction between them, without causing significant structural rearrangement. Mechanistic analysis indicated that phloretin sterically hinders key β -sheet turn residues (HIS169, ASN201, ARG233), thereby impairing DNA recognition, downregulating RNAIII transcription, and inhibiting agr signaling. In cooked beef, phloretin significantly inhibited the secretion of enterotoxins and α -hemolysin, while delaying lipid oxidation and protein degradation, and maintaining the meat texture. These findings suggested that phloretin is a multifunctional substance with anti-virulence, antioxidant, and preservative properties, demonstrating its potential as a natural food preservative. Download: Download high-res image (118KB) Download: Download full-size image
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 8.2
Hangbin Lei,Xuefu Zeng,An-Ping Zeng,Shizhen Wang
Conductive DES stabilizes hydrogenase conformation via a dynamic hydrogen-bond network. • DES-modified MOF creates an anaerobic microenvironment that enhances the oxygen tolerance of the immobilized hydrogenase. • DES induces a 3D nanoflower to 2D nanosheet morphological transformation of the immobilized hydrogenase. Hydrogenases can reversibly catalyze the conversion of protons and electrons into hydrogen, which are widely applied in green biohydrogen production. However, hydrogenases face challenges of poor stability and oxygen sensitivity. In this work, conductive deep eutectic solvents (DES) modified metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were studied as carriers for Pyrococcus furiosus [NiFe]-hydrogenase (pfSHI) immobilization to improve the stability and oxygen tolerance of the enzyme. Choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) modification of MOFs stabilized the enzyme conformation. After 8 reuses, pfSHI@ChCl-EG-ZIF-67 retained 63.02 % relative activity, higher than that of pfSHI@ZIF-67 (56.18 %). This enhancement is due to ChCl-EG with dynamic hydrogen-bond network. Furthermore, ChCl-EG regulated the pore of MOFs through non-covalent host–guest interactions to create the anaerobic microenvironment, which enhances oxygen tolerance of hydrogenase. After 48 h of air exposure, pfSHI@ChCl-EG-ZIF-67 retained 45.64 % activity, representing 2.67-fold increases compared to free pfSHI. Additionally, ChCl-EG in-situ modulated the structural evolution from 3D nanoflowers (pfSHI@ZIF-67) to 2D nanosheets (pfSHI@ChCl-EG-ZIF-67) during hydrogenase immobilization. The k cat / K m of pfSHI@ChCl-EG-ZIF-67 was 851 s −1 ·mM −1 , which was 1.49-fold of that of pfSHI@ZIF-67. The immobilized hydrogenases by DES-modified MOF exhibits enhanced stability and oxygen tolerance, which is promising for applications in biohydrogen production. Download: Download high-res image (158KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 15
Xie Xiaoling,Xiang Zhenyang,Yang Ruhui,Wu Xuanlu,Guo Jinyu,Fang Ruolin,Zan Xingjie,Huang Wenjuan,Tong Yuhua
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness, affecting millions of people worldwide. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, such as Bevacizumab (Beva), offer high specificity and low side effects. However, their limited ability to penetrate the corneal barrier necessitates invasive administration, significantly restricting their clinical application. Herein, we engineered (Beva&C₂G₂R₉)@Zn nanoparticles formed by co-assembling Beva, C₂G₂R₉ peptide and Zn 2+ , which decrease in size over time, as an efficient strategy for noninvasive Beva delivery across the corneal barrier to treat CNV. By combining various technologies (DLS, TEM, XPS, FTIR, and computer simulation), we discovered that the coordination between Beva and Zn 2+ drives the nanoparticle formation, while the C₂G₂R₉ peptide facilitates its size evolution. Compared to size-stable nanoparticles of Beva@Zn and (Beva&R₉)@Zn, (Beva&C₂G₂R₉)@Zn nanoparticles exhibit rapid cellular internalization, efficient lysosomal escape, and effective corneal barrier penetration, leading to efficiently inhibit HUVEC cell migration and tube formation. Importantly, in a rat alkali-burned CNV model, (Beva&C₂G₂R₉)@Zn nanoparticles exhibited superior efficacy in inhibiting corneal neovascularization compared to size-stable nanoparticles, with the lowest inflammation index. The results of this study highlight the importance of controlling the size of nanoparticles to enable non-invasive delivery of macromolecular drugs across the corneal biological barrier, offering new insights for the design of future nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Graphical
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Frontiers in Nutrition
·
2026
·
IF 5.5
Bingye Xu,Xiaoxiao Li,Rong Liu,Ying Han,Pan Zhen,Hanyue Fu,Huan Lv,Fan Wei,Haoxin Cui,Bowei Zhang,Shuo Wang
IntroductionHyperuricemia (HUA) is a major risk factor for gout and renal injury, underscoring the need for safe and effective natural dietary interventions. This study investigated the chemical composition and antihyperuricemic effects of dealcoholized Zhuyeqing liquor extract (ZLE) using both cellular and animal models.MethodsThe nutritional composition and phytochemical profile of ZLE were characterized by quantitative analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). The antihyperuricemic activity of ZLE was evaluated in adenosine-induced HepG2 cells and in a hypoxanthine/potassium oxonate-induced mouse model of HUA by assessing uric acid (UA) metabolism, hepatorenal function, urate transporter expression, and renal inflammatory signaling.ResultsQuantitative analysis showed that ZLE is rich in polysaccharides, terpenes, and flavonoids. UPLC–MS/MS identified 389 phytochemical constituents, predominantly iridoid glycosides, organic acids, and flavonoids. In adenosine-induced HepG2 cells, ZLE significantly reduced UA production and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity. In HUA mice, ZLE dose-dependently decreased serum UA levels, improved renal and hepatic function by reducing serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and inhibited hepatic XOD activity. Furthermore, ZLE restored renal urate homeostasis through coordinated regulation of key urate transporters and alleviated HUA-induced renal inflammation and histopathological injury by suppressing the lipopolysaccharide-mediated NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that ZLE exerts antihyperuricemic and renoprotective effects through coordinated modulation of uric acid production, renal urate transport, and inflammatory signaling. The results support the potential application of ZLE as a functional food ingredient for dietary management of HUA and provide a scientific basis for translating traditional dietary resources into modern nutritional interventions.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Li Liu,Huizhi Zhan,Yonglan Chen,Jing Long,Yuxin Lan,Huan Liu,Gan Qiao,Maolin Chen,Shi Zhen,Bing He,Liangliang Zhu,Xiaoyi Qi,Muhan Lü,Sicheng Liang
Shikonin and alkannin activate XOR by binding the Trp336 allosteric pocket, independent of the Cys536-Cys993 disulfide bond. • Alkannin activates XOR more potently than shikonin due to higher binding affinity driving the XDH-to-XO transition. • Shikonin and alkannin can significantly antagonize the urate-lowering effect of allopurinol by activating XOR. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the rate-limiting enzyme in uric acid metabolism, reversibly interconverts between dehydrogenase (XDH) and oxidase (XO) forms. Our previous study revealed allosteric activation of XOR by 1,4-naphthoquinones, highlighting their potential risk in food industry. Herein, we employed the isomeric 1,4-naphthoquinone probes shikonin (SHI) and alkannin (ALK) to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that SHI and ALK activate XOR by binding a Trp336-centered allosteric pocket, independent of classic Cys536-Cys993 bond. This binding destabilizes the relay cluster, promoting the XDH-to-XO transition. ALK showed stronger species-biased activation of XOR (human > rat > mouse ≈ microorganism). Both ligands enhanced catalytic efficiency and antagonized allopurinol's urate-lowering action. Molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA analyses indicated that ALK formed more stable hydrogen bonds and bound more strongly. These mechanistic insights were corroborated in vivo in rats, revealing a novel allosteric activation pathway with implications for XOR-targeted therapies and food safety risk assessment. Download: Download high-res image (134KB) Download: Download full-size image
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