MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
·
2023
·
IF 5.4
Jiayi Wang,Penggang Ren,Xueyan Zhao,Zhengyan Chen,Yanling Jin,Zengping Zhang
Graphite nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) photocatalyst has attracted tremendous attention because of its suitable visible light-driven band gap, facile synthesis from low-cost nitrogencontaining organic precursors, and high stability. To address the limitations of conventional single modification methods. Here, a novel homojunction photocatalyst was developed by combining defective g-C 3 N 4 (CNx) and flaked g-C 3 N 4 (CN) through alkali etching and acid stripping techniques. Compared to the conventional g-C 3 N 4 , the homojunction photocatalyst (CNx/CN) exhibited white tremella-like folds, and the homojunction structure allowed faster transfer and separation of electrons and holes in CNx/CN. Under the synergistic effect of morphological modulation and homojunction construction, CNx/CN exhibited excellent degradation performance (the degradation for MB is 94.2 %) in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and showed excellent cycling stability after four cycling experiments. Furthermore, CNx/CN exhibited satisfactory practicality in several simulation experiments, including evaluations of pH, co-existing cations, and real water. This work provides a new strategy for constructing an efficient g-C 3 N 4 -based homojunction photocatalyst for practical application in contaminated water treatment.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 9.9
Lan Ding,Yaoyao Tang,Siyang Wang,Yuqi Zhang,Xinyi Chen,Hongjun Zhou
Exploiting photocatalysts with high interfacial charge separation efficiency remains a huge challenge for converting solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, a novel 0D/2D heterojunction is successfully constructed by using bimetallic Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 MXene Quantum Dots (Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 QDs) firmly immobilized on the surface of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet via an electrostatic self-assembly strategy. The Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 QDs/g-C 3 N 4 exhibits an efficient and stable photocatalytic hydrogen production performance up to 2809 µmol g -1 h −1 , which is 7.96 times higher than pure g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet , and prominently exceeding many reported photocatalysts. Besides, a prominent apparent quantum yield achieves 3.8% at 420 nm. The significant performance improvement derives from the giant interfacial electric field that formed between large interface contact areas, ensuring greatly efficient separation and transfer of the photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the 0D/2D heterojunction possesses high-quality interfacial contact, which reduces the interfacial recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes, causing the quick electron transfer from the g-C 3 N 4 to electron acceptor Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 QDs, thus enhancing the charge utilization. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculation comprehensively demonstrate that g-C 3 N 4 modified by Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 QDs can modulate the electronic structure and prompt the establishment of the interfacial electric field, which consequently leads to efficient photocatalytic activity . This study adequately illustrates that constructing heterojunction interfacial electric fields based on MXene quantum dots is a prospective pathway to engineering high-performance photocatalytic platforms for solar energy conversion .
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 99
·期 2
·415-425
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IF 3.4
Mingliang Chen,Guanghui Wang,Jialing Dai,Haifeng Li,Nansheng Deng
BACKGROUND There is increasing concern regarding the rising issue of Cr(VI) pollution in aqueous solutions. It is crucial to find an effective technology for the removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions. In this work, a novel TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic reduction behavior of Cr(VI) on the TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure was investigated under visible light irradiation, and the possible mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was elucidated. RESULTS The TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure photocatalyst exhibited better photoreduction activity for Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation. After 100 min irradiation with visible light, the TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst achieved a removal efficiency of 89% for Cr(VI). Compared with TiO 2 , TiO 2 /BC and TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 , the photocatalytic removal efficiency of Cr(VI) on the TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 increased by 40%, 20% and 10% respectively. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was dependent on the initial concentration of Cr(VI), catalyst dosage, pH value and atmosphere. Moreover, TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 presented excellent stability and reusability after five cycles. CONCLUSION The TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction enables highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the construction of an indirect Z-scheme TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction, which significantly improves the separation efficiency of photo- generated charge carriers during the photochemical process. Furthermore, the presence of BC enhances the adsorption performance of Cr(VI) on TiO 2 /BC/g-C 3 N 4 , thereby facilitating its photocatalytic reduction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 107
·期 2
·719-735
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IF 3.9
Mojtaba Rostami,Milad Jourshabani,Fatemeh Davar,Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani,Alireza Badiei
In this research, the ultrasound (US) technique was applied as a facile synthesis method for preparing the black TiO 2 -g-C 3 N 4 type II heterojunction, coupled with a Schottky junction MOF (ZIF-67)-derived x wt% Co 3 S 4 /nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) ( x = 3, 10, and 15) with hollow nanobox (HNB) morphology, as a smart nanoheteroarchitecture (NHA) photocatalyst to enhance visible-light photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the solvothermal synthesis route was employed to fabricate the MOF (ZIF-67)-derived Co 3 S 4 /NC cubic hollow nanoboxes (CHNBs) before the pyrolysis process. The black TiO 2 -g-C 3 N 4 wt% Co 3 S 4 /NC (TiCN-15% CoS/NC) NHAs exhibited high photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue. The synergetic effect of all components in black TiCN- x wt% CoS/NC NHAs resulted in efficient electron-hole pair separation and charge mobility on Co 3 S 4 /NC HNB and g-C 3 N 4 surfaces, which led to a highly effective recombination rate of charge carriers and an excellent improvement in photocatalytic performance.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
·
2023
·
IF 5.5
Jian Gao,Gao Xu,Qifeng Liang,Xiaoxiang Xu,Hailong Wang,Shiyan Liu,Jun Ren,Zebo Fang,Shunhang Wei
g-C 3 N 4 usually acts as the oxidation counterpart for overall water splitting reactions in semiconductor heterojunctions. Due to the poor water oxidation ability of g-C 3 N 4 , it is difficult to achieve efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting over g-C 3 N 4 -based heterojunctions. In this work, one-dimensional (1D) LaNbON 2 with strong water oxidation ability is prepared for the first time, and combined with two-dimensional (2D) g-C 3 N 4 to form semiconductor heterojunction by electrostatic self-assembly. The results of surface states, theoretical calculations, band structures and chemical probes indicate that the 2D g-C 3 N 4 and the 1D LaNbON 2 are tightly bonded through the electrostatic attraction and form a S-scheme type semiconductor heterojunction. In the heterojunction, the 1D LaNbON 2 and the 2D g-C 3 N 4 work as oxidation and reduction counterpart, respectively. The built-in electric field at their heterointerfaces effectively accelerates carrier separation. Thereby the solar-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting rate of the optimal 2D g-C 3 N 4 /1D LaNbON 2 heterojunction is ∼ 3.3 times as much as that of the 2D g-C 3 N 4 .
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2023
·
IF 6.2
Qiaona Liu,Xin Han,An Qian,Xin Pu,Lei Ye,Jichang Liu,Jian Zhang,Jinshan Zhan
The development of highly active and stable cocatalysts using earth-abundant transition metals to replace noble metals is important for the application of photocatalytic hydrogen production technology. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) carbon-encapsulated NiCo bimetallic nanosheets (NiCo@C) was designed for the first time as a new co-catalyst to synergistically combine with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and promote its hydrogen evolution . The NiCo@C cocatalysts were using an innovative molten salt method by using nickel hexacyanocobaltate Ni 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] 2 (Ni-Co PBA) nanocubes as precursor. The Ni-Co PBA nanocubes undergo dissolution growth and salt templating processes to form bimetallic 2D nanosheets during charring in molten salt media, and combine with 2D g-C 3 N 4 to form NiCo@C/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst . The optimized NiCo@C/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst significantly improved the H 2 evolution activity, and the H 2 evolution rate reached 3791.07 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 , which was 5 times higher than that of the particle CoNi/g-C 3 N 4 (636.89 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 ). The H 2 evolution activity was also comparable to that of the photocatalytic activity of 1.0% Pt/g-C 3 N 4 system, indicating that the earth-abundant NiCo@C can replace noble metal as a cocatalyst to significantly enhance the photocatalytic performance of 2D photocatalysts. The conversion of three-dimensional Ni-Co PBA into carbon-coated 2D metal nanosheets by molten salt-assisted pyrolysis provides a feasible approach to explore the synthesis and design of efficient and robust non-precious metal catalysts.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2021
·
IF 3.764
Zhu Ren,Shuo Chen,Shun-Feng Jiang,Wei-Fei Hu,Hong Jiang
In this study, a solar/chlorine/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) system for the highly efficient degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) was constructed, and the degradation mechanism of CBZ in this system was elucidated. The removal rate of CBZ by g-C3N4 combined with solar/chlorine was as high as 97.8%, which was more than twice that of the solar/chlorine combined system (43.8%). Electron spin resonance analysis revealed that the hydroxyl radicals (HO•) in the solar/chlorine/g-C3N4 system were remarkably less than that in the solar/chlorine photocatalytic system, wherein HO• was the dominant participant. However, the former system had higher efficiency than the latter. Scavenging tests confirmed the existence of a synergistic effect between solar/chlorine and g-C3N4 in CBZ degradation, and ground-state atomic oxygen (O(3P)) played a more important role than HO• in the solar/chlorine/g-C3N4 system. A novel O3-related pathway of CBZ degradation was proposed on the basis of the determination of intermediates. The intermediates detected via liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS)/MS analysis indicated that O3 attacked the double bond of CBZ via the Criegee mechanism and produced intermediates with two new aldehydes. This study not only improved the knowledge of the effects of O(3P) and the O(3P)-related degradation mechanism of organic pollutants but also provided a reminder that O(3P) might be overlooked in the photocatalytic processes, especially in processes that occur in the presence of dissolved oxygen or oxygen-containing anions.
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Environmental Science-Water Research & Technology
·
2021
·Vol. 7
·期 8
·1430-1442
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IF 4.251
Shengwang Gao,Yang Liu,Jianchao Zhu,Yaqiao Wang,Xue Han,Xunfeng Xia,Xiang Zhao
Novel FeS2/g-C3N4 (FC) composites were successfully constructed using an impregnation–calcination method, and they demonstrated a wonderful visible-light catalytic performance compared with unmodified g-C3N4 and FeS2. The structures, morphologies, and chemical states of the samples were characterized. The photocatalytic performance was assessed based on the removal of tetracycline (TC) under visible light. The removal of TC by 20%-FC reached 83.5% within 180 min, much higher than when using g-C3N4 or FeS2. The improved degradation of TC was a result of the introduction of FeS2, which obviously enhanced the separation of photogenerated carriers at the firmly contacted interface. The effects of the key operating parameters were further explored, including the doping ratio, the concentration of photocatalyst, and the pH value. The photocatalytic theory of charge division was demonstrated using quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) studies. Finally, the FeS2/g-C3N4 composite exhibited remarkable recyclability and stability. This study creates new prospects for the synthesis of photocatalysts and for the degradation of resistant organic pollutants for environmental remediation.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.128
Congyu Wang,Zepeng Rao,Asad Mahmood,Xiao Wang,Yan Wang,Xiaofeng Xie,Jing Sun
In the process of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) shows excellent capabilities. However, when TiO 2 is used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs), there are some drawbacks including weak adsorption of gaseous contaminants, insufficient utilization of sunlight, and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. Herein, a TiO 2 -based ternary heterogeneous photocatalyst, g-C 3 N 4 /Ag-TiO 2 , was successfully fabricated to photodegrade gaseous acetaldehyde (one of the representatives of oxygenated VOCs) under visible light. Among the various samples, the g-C 3 N 4 /50 wt% Ag-TiO 2 exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity , which was 5.8 times of bare TiO 2 . The mineralization efficiency of acetaldehyde was also increased by 3.7 times compared to bare TiO 2 . The substantial improvement in the PCO performance of the ternary system can be associated with the good adsorption to acetaldehyde gas and light-harvesting capability, as well as improved charge separation process. The application of Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model suggested that relative humidity played a significant role in the VOCs degradation. Also, the photodegradation of gaseous acetaldehyde primarily occurred on the catalysts surface. Based on several characterizations, i.e., UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectrum, photocurrent spectroscopy and electron spin-resonance test, a suitable degradation mechanism is proposed. This study provides a novel ternary photocatalyst with improved photocatalytic performance and stability, which can be used for the low-concentration VOCs abatement in the indoor environment.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2021
·Vol. 151
·期 12
·3437-3450
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IF 3.186
Bao Er-Peng,Dong Ruichen,Zhang Shuoqing,Li Huan,Zhang Weiguo,Zou Jijun,Xu Qiang
The photocatalysis is a very promising technique to address the serious issues of environmental pollution. Among the common photocatalysts, the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is widely used for the photodegradation of organic pollutants due to its proper band structure. To further improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 , a novel composite photocatalyst of Co 3 O 4 /PT-C 3 N 4 has been prepared by using a one-pot calcination method, in which cobalt tetroxide (Co 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles as the cocatalyst are introduced on the surface of rectangular hollow g-C 3 N 4 substrate (PT-Co 3 O 4 ). As a result, the obtained composite photocatalyst (Co3O 4 /PT-C 3 N 4 ) delivers an excellent photodegradation performance for diesel oil under a simulated sunlight, which can improve the separation efficiency of the photo-induced electron–hole pairs. The Co 3 O 4 /PT-C 3 N 4 composite photocatalyst exhibits a high degradation efficiency of 96.27% after 2 h of visible light, which is much higher than that of the PT-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst. Moreover, the composite photocatalyst can still maintain a high photodegradation efficiency after 10 cycles, exhibiting an excellent cyclic stability. The photo-induced carriers generated by the Co 3 O 4 /PT-C 3 N 4 composite photocatalyst follow the Z-scheme heterojunction transfer mechanism. This work gives a fresh idea for the exploration of new high-performance photocatalyst for the treatment of organic environmental pollutants. Graphical Abstract
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RSC Advances
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 25
·15106-15117
·
IF 3.361
Ya-Ni Zang,Shan-Shan Yang,Jie Ding,Shuang-Yang Zhao,Cheng-Xin Chen,Lei He,Nan-Qi Ren
A ternary biochar/vanadium pentoxide/graphite like carbon nitride (BC/V2O5/g-C3N4 denoted BC/VO/CN) composite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance was investigated under simulated solar irradiation. The BC/VO/CN was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Within the BC/VO/CN composites VO nanoparticles were highly crystalline and intertwined with the lamellas of CN, resulting in the formation of well-defined Z-type heterostructures. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using Rhodamine B as a model pollutant. Under simulated solar (230–780 nm) irradiation the as-prepared BC/VO/CN hybrid materials demonstrated highly improved photocatalytic activity compared to CN, VO and VO/CN. The cause of the solar enhancement could be ascribed to the formation of Z-type heterojunctions between VO and CN, which promoted faster electron–hole separation and more efficient charge transfer. BC, as an electron transfer medium, accelerated the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and inhibited their recombination.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
·
2021
·
IF 3.927
Yifan Liu,Yan Luo,Mingliang Li,Lixia Yang
A novel Bi 2 MoO 6 (BMO) modified g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure composite photocatalyst (g-C 3 N 4 /BMO) was prepared by hydrothermal method . The orthorhombic crystal phase of the material was studied by the X-ray diffraction assay (XRD). The microscopic morphology of the material was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating a heterojunction structure of the composite. The electrons and holes separation was evaluated by photo-luminescence (PL) and photocurrent measurements. The removal rate of O-Nitrophenol was as high as 97.3% over the catalyst with the optimal ratio of 1: 0.09 (BMO:g-C 3 N 4 ) in 180 min. COD removal percentage of actual pharmaceutical wastewater was as high as 71.40%. The active species in the photocatalytic system were studied, indicating superoxide radicals ( · O 2 - ) and holes (h + ) as the main active species.
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