BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9
Fei Wu,Kai Sun,Wenjian Liu,Shu Zhang,Xun Hu
Pre-carbonization plus activation is commonly used for activation of biomass. Nonetheless, pre-carbonization via pyrolysis removes a significant portion of aliphatic structures, diminishing mass yield of resulting activated carbon (AC) from activation. In this study, pyrolysis-condensation (pyro-condensation) was proposed as a method for pre-carbonization prior to activation of peach, cellulose, and lignin with K 2 C 2 O 4 , which could achieve recycled polymerization of volatiles to maximize mass yield of biochar and correspondingly AC. The results confirmed double or even triple of biochar yields with peach or cellulose via pyro-condensation, attributed to volatile recycling and carbon retention via aliphatic polymerization. The mass yields of AC from subsequent activation were also tripled with cellulose and doubled with lignin when compared with the pyrolysis-activation route. Moreover, pyro-condensation plus activation enhanced specific surface area of AC (i.e. 1243.6 versus 1048.1 m 2 g −1 from pyrolysis-activation route with peach), abundance of mesoporous structures (12.8% versus 3.2% with cellulose) and enlarged pore size (1.9 versus 1.6 nm with cellulose). The in-situ IR characterization confirmed abundant aliphatic structures in form of −C- H, –OH, C O and C-O- C in the biochar from pyro-condensation, which were formed from re-polymerization of volatiles and filled voids of biochar, rendering smooth surface. The AC from pyro-condensation pretreatment exhibited superior phenol adsorption performance (maximum capacity: 426.3 mg/g, 49.5% higher than the counterpart with pyrolysis pretreatment) and excellent reusability. The abundant aliphatic components induced more intense cracking in the followed activation, forming AC of more developed pores, higher thermal stability, higher degree of aromatization and lower overall impacts on environment.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Yuxin Wen,He Yang,Mei Zhong,Zhong Zhang,Jiuming Yang,Mingkai Yao,Haoquan Hu,Lijun Jin
The synergistic thermal conversion of waste tire and coal is an effective approach to achieve the resource recovery of waste tire and the reduction and substitution of coal. However, the complexity of co-pyrolysis system, especially different rubbers in waste tire, hinders the understanding of pyrolysis mechanism. Therefore, this work employed an infrared-heated fixed-bed reactor to investigate the interaction behaviors of different rubbers with coal, and synergistic effects during co-pyrolysis were revealed through analysis of product yields, tar compositions and char properties. Results showed that more tar and less char and water were produced in co-pyrolysis between coal and different rubbers than individual coal pyrolysis. Besides, tar formation was easily affected by softening and melting of rubber during co-pyrolysis. More light tar was generated and its formation was promoted. The distribution of tar components presented lower content of phenols and long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, but the contents of alicyclic hydrocarbon and mono-ring aromatic hydrocarbon were boosted during co-pyrolysis in comparison with individual coal pyrolysis. In addition, obvious coating phenomenon over co-pyrolysis char varied with the reactivity of rubber, and the interactions between volatiles released from coal and waste tire pyrolysis were affected by coating phenomenon, and the inorganic components contained in coal or waste tire contributed to the enhancement of interaction of waste tire with coal. The possible reaction route between coal and waste tire was proposed, which will provide a basis for resource utilization of waste tire and coal.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 3
·
IF 4.5
Yao He,Jie Zhang,Renhua Huang,Nanxin Li,Yunwu Zheng
CO2-assisted catalytic pyrolysis presents a viable and promising approach to addressing plastic waste pollution and mitigating climate change. However, the effects of the metal–catalyst combination mode and the spatial distance between metal–acid sites on catalytic performance remain unclear. In this study, the reaction behaviors of the configurations, Fe3O4and ZSM-5 in tandem catalysis (Fe3O4&HZ), their physical mixture (Fe3O4-HZ), and Fe-loaded ZSM-5 (Fe/HZ), were compared in polypropylene pyrolysis under a CO2atmosphere. The aromatic contents followed this order: Fe/HZ > Fe3O4-HZ > Fe3O4&HZ > ZSM-5 > Fe3O4. Specifically, Fe/HZ with the highest degree of metal–zeolite proximity achieved an aromatic content of 66.1%, significantly higher than the 34.2% obtained with Fe3O4&HZ, demonstrating that closer metal–acid proximity promoted aromatic formation. Moreover, Fe/HZ significantly reduced coke deposition. Based on characterization results from XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and NH3-TPD, the enhanced spatial proximity between metal and acid sites strengthened the functional synergy between iron-based redox sites and zeolitic Brønsted acid sites. This synergy facilitated the reverse water–gas shift reaction of CO2, which consumed hydrogen generated during aromatization and shifted the reaction equilibrium toward enhanced aromatic production. These findings would offer theoretical and strategic insights into the optimization of CO2-assisted catalytic pyrolysis systems for the sustainable upcycling of plastic waste.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Xiangyi Zhang,Zhili Guo,Weina Jia,Guobo Chen,Weijun Mo,Xuefeng Yan,Liangmin Yu
Carbon materials offer advantages such as low density and high conductivity but suffer from poor impedance matching. Although constructing hollow porous structures can address this issue, conventional templating and template-free strategies often lead to severe agglomeration and structural collapse during high-temperature processing. To overcome these limitations, this study successfully prepared N-doped hollow porous carbon flowers (N-HPCF) with a tunable cavity size using a confined-space pyrolysis strategy. By carbonizing PAD@PDVB precursors with different divinylbenzene (DVB) coating amounts, a series of N-HPCF with various cavity size were obtained. The optimized N-HPCF2 (PAD:DVB = 24:18) exhibits a specific surface area of 85.71 m²·g −1 , and a pore volume of 0.5676 cm³ ·g −1 . It achieves excellent EMWA performance with a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −56.79 dB, an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.02 GHz at 2.0 mm, and a radar cross-section reduction of 28.8 dB·m 2 . The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the N-doped, flower-like morphology and hollow porous structure, which optimize impedance matching and provide multiple loss mechanisms. Furthermore, a metamaterial design (N-HPCF1–2-3) achieved an EAB of up to 12 GHz (6–18 GHz) in reflectivity simulations, demonstrating that rational structural design effectively enhances EMW absorption performance.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·761
·
IF 4.5
Haijian Yang,Changsen Zhang,Lianfeng Shang,Hanfang Feng,Na Xiao
Plastic waste has become a serious global issue. Thermal treatment of waste PET faces critical drawbacks including severe reactor clogging and low-value oxygen-rich bio-oil, restricting large-scale chemical recycling. Co-pyrolysis with hydrogen-rich low-density polyethylene (LDPE) over modified zeolite provides a viable route to overcome these barriers. In this study, reaction parameters including temperature, plastic/catalyst ratio and PET/LDPE ratio were optimized, and Fe-Ni bimetallic modified HZSM-5 was fabricated via impregnation to boost monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) production. LDPE served as a hydrogen donor to facilitate PET deoxygenation via synergistic effects. At 550 °C with a plastic/catalyst ratio of 1:4 and PET/LDPE ratio of 2:3, the liquid yield hit 80.2%, and all detectable organic compounds in the liquid phase identified by GC–MS were aromatic hydrocarbons. Among all prepared mono- and bimetallic zeolites, 3Fe7Ni/HZ delivered optimal MAHs selectivity at 80.5%. This 20% promotion over unmodified HZSM-5 stems from balanced metal dispersion and tuned acid sites unique to Fe–Ni co-loading. This work offers a feasible strategy for converting waste plastics into high-value aromatics and further trials with varied metal contents will be needed to extend industrial applicability.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 28
·期 8
·3410
·
IF 4.6
Yuyu He,Liangmeng Ni,Qi Gao,Hao Ren,Mengfu Su,Yanmei Hou,Zhijia Liu
To effectively remove methylene blue (MB) from dye wastewater, a novel activated carbon (BAC) was manufactured through co-pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shell and K2FeO4. The activation process was optimized to a temperature of 750 °C and an activation time of 90 min based on its excellent adsorption capacity of 560.94 mg/g with a yield of 10.03%. The physicochemical and adsorption properties of BACs were investigated. The BAC had an ultrahigh specific surface area of 2327.7 cm2/g and abundant active functional groups. The adsorption mechanisms included chemisorption and physisorption. The Freundlich model could be used to describe the isothermal adsorption of MB. The kinetics confirmed that the adsorption of MB belonged to the pseudo-second-order model. Intra-particle diffusion was the main rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and temperature was beneficial for the improvement of adsorption property. Furthermore, the removal rate of MB was 63.5% after three cycles. The BAC will have great potential for commercial development for purifying dye wastewater.Keywords:bamboo shoot shell;activated carbon;adsorption process;methylene blue;K2FeO4
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2022
·
IF 13.599
Shanjian Liu,An Zhao,Jia Liu,Mengqian Yin,Fupeng Huang,Dongmei Bi
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of nitrogen doping, migration, and conversion during ammonia torrefaction and also explore the evolution law of the chemical structure of cellulose. The results showed that the ammonia torrefaction pretreatment could significantly optimize the distribution of nitrogen and oxygen elements in cellulose. The carbon skeleton first captured the active nitrogenous radicals to form –NH n -N, and pyridine-N and pyrrole-N originated from the conversion of –NH n -N. The existence of C O played a major role in the immobilization of nitrogen. The nitrogen in bio-oil exists mainly in the form of five- and six-membered heterocycles. The correlation analysis showed that the main precursors for the formation of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds were five-membered O-heterocyclic compounds. Finally, the product distribution characteristics in the torrefaction-pyrolysis systems were summarized, and the nitrogen doping and conversion mechanisms were proposed. This study expanded the boundaries of cellulose pretreatment and the production of high-value chemicals.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2022
·
IF 4.132
Zhisen He,Shanjian Liu,Wenjing Zhao,Mengqian Yin,Mei Jiang,Dongmei Bi
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the urea content on the characteristics and distribution of nitrogen-rich bio-oil and nitrogen-doped biochar. Cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose were used as feedstock. Urea was used as the exogenous nitrogen source in nitrogen-rich pyrolysis at 500 °C. The order of the nitrogen increase in the nitrogen-doped biochar was cellulose < cellobiose < glucose. Nitrogen-doped biochar consisted of abundant nitrogen and nitrogenous functional groups, and the stability of biochar was optimal. The nitrogen-doped biochar obtained from cellulose showed the optimal adsorption performance for diethyl phthalate with 50% urea addition. When the proportion of urea was 20%, the content of anhydro-sugars in bio-oil reached the maximum value (61.86%). Furans and other small-molecule oxygenates were intermediates to produce nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) from cellulose. When the proportion of urea was 40%, the bio-oil had the highest selectivity (91.63%) of NHCs. The NHCs in the obtained bio-oil mainly consisted of pyrroles, pyrimidines, pyridines, imidazoles, and pyrazines. Therefore, the excellent proportion of urea in the blend could promote the generation of high-value NHCs and nitrogen-doped biochar from the nitrogen-rich pyrolysis of cellulose (and its model compounds).
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2023
·
IF 22.1
Bin Chen,Zining Zhou,Yuze Li,Kok Bing Tan,Youting Wang,Xiaoping Rao,Jiale Huang,Xiaodong Zhang,Qingbiao Li,Guowu Zhan
Herein, biomass-derived activated carbon (bio-AC) was synthesized using rice husk as a biotemplate and natural carbon source. After immobilization of Ni, the supported Ni/bio-AC showed excellent catalytic activity in the pyrolysis of fatty acids to paraffin-based biodiesel in H 2 -free and solvent-free conditions, corresponding to the conversion of 99.6% and a total alkane yield of 95.1%, including 88.9% heptadecane. Based on comprehensive characterizations, the calculated turnover frequency of Ni/bio-AC was 3.9 times that of conventional Ni/AC. Significantly enhanced olefin selectivity was further obtained by N-doping of Ni/bio-AC, which was attributed to the inhibition of -COO* dissociation by the Ni-N sites. The possible catalytic reaction pathways from stearic acid to heptadecane via aliphatic alcohol as a reaction intermediate were investigated. Besides, efficient conversions of saturated and unsaturated plant oils were also achieved over Ni/bio-NAC catalysts in Py-GC/MS through pulsed catalytic pyrolysis manner, showing a promising prospect for sustainable biofuels and chemical production.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Wei Feng,Mo Zheng,Jin Bai,Xianxian Zhang,Chuang Wu,Zhenxing Guo,Lingxue Kong,Zongqing Bai,Wen Li
Understanding the effects of co-pyrolysis synergies between low-rank coal and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) on the carbon structure evolution in char and the relationship between char structure and chemical bonds evolution is very needed. A combination of ReaxFF MD and experimental approaches provides an opportunity for fully understanding the dynamic profiles of char structures and coking trends during co-pyrolysis process of coal and HDPE. In this work, consistent conclusions were obtained from fixed-bed experiments and ReaxFF MD simulations in product distribution during both individual coal pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis at different temperatures. The ReaxFF MD simulation results reveal that adding HDPE partially inhibited the coking process of coal char. The RDF results indicated higher order degree and aromaticity exist in coal/HDPE(7:3)-Char when compared to those in coal-Char, which agrees well with the findings from XRD and FTIR approaches. By analyzing the evolution of C=C, C=O, C-O, C( sp 2 )-C( sp 3 ), C( sp 3 )-C( sp 3 ) and C( sp 2 )-H bonds in C 40 + fragments during secondary simulations of co-pyrolytic char, it was observed that the structural order and aromaticity of co-pyrolytic char increase with temperature, and the oxygen-containing bonds are the initial recombination sites for char formation. These findings provide rich theoretical information to complement the understanding of char structure in co-fed systems and the interaction between coal and HDPE blend.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 30
·期 5
·12608-12617
·
IF 5.19
Wu Menglan,Liu Bo,Li Jun,Su Xintai,Liu Weizhen,Li Xiaoqin
Pyrolysis of sludge to biochar can not only reduce the sludge volume, toxic organic compound, and pathogens, but also be applied as effective adsorbents. However, the immobilization of heavy metals in the sludge and the properties of the biochar greatly rely on the pyrolysis temperature. In this paper, municipal sludge biochar (SBC) was prepared from 400 to 1000 °C. Pyrolysis immobilized heavy metals in sludge and the potential ecological risk of heavy metals significantly decreased to low level at temperature above 500 °C. At 700 °C, the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) reached a maximum (120.24 mg·g −1 ). The Cd(II) adsorption fitted the Pseudo-second-order model, indicating the existence of chemical adsorption. The adsorption capacity increased along with the initial pH and slowed down after pH reached 5.5. The existence of coexisting cations (Ca 2+ and Na + ) and anions (SO 4 2− and NO 3 − ) displayed different degree of inhibitory action on Cd(II) adsorption. The SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analysis of sludge biochar before and after adsorption revealed that there were CdCO 3 , CdSO 4 , Cd 2 SiO 4 , Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and Cd 9 (PO 4 ) 6 appearing on the surface of sludge biochar, suggesting that the adsorption of Cd(II) by SBC included co-precipitation, ion exchange, coordination with π electrons, and complexation. It was confirmed that different properties formed by pyrolysis temperature made a difference in adsorption mechanism of sludge biochar.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Yuen Bai,Dongyang Liu,Liang Zhao,Jinsen Gao,Chunming Xu,Haitao Pang,Xuhui Gao
The influences of different B (Brønsted) acid site concentrations and the ratio of L (Lewis)/B (Brønsted) on the cracking pathways and product distributions in hexane cracking reactions as a model component of naphtha were investigated. The sodium-modified ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation method, and the Si–OH–Al groups of ZSM-5 were broken in the post-treatment process, resulting in a decrease in the number of strong B acid sites (SBAS) and an increase in the number of strong L acid sites (SLAS). The correlations between the n-hexane catalytic cracking reaction pathways and the catalyst acid properties were established. The reduced SBAS inhibits secondary reactions of light olefins such as hydrogen transfer, oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization, while the increased SLAS and the ratio of SLAS/SBAS promoted the β scission reactions that significantly improved the yields of light olefins. Consequently, the appropriate SBAS and SLAS/SBAS ratios are desirable for the production of ethylene and propylene. The optimal SBAS concentration and SLAS/SBAS ratio ranged from 4.44 to 6.69 μmol/g and 9.18–11.86 for maximum ethylene and propylene yields of 16.14% and 14.63% in hexane catalytic pyrolysis reactions, respectively. Furthermore, the optimally prepared catalysts illustrated superior reactivities and catalytic stabilities in naphtha catalytic pyrolysis reactions under industrial conditions.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）