INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2023
·
IF 5.9
Haoran Yuan,Chengyu Li,Rui Shan,Jun Zhang,Yong Chen
In the present study, selective transformation of waste cassava residues into aromatics via catalytic pyrolysis over as-prepared La and P modified ZSM-5 was systematically investigated, especially in the aspects of product regulation and kinetic analysis. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations were undertaken for unveiling the essential structural properties of La and P modified ZSM-5. The introduction of La and P species significantly enriched the Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in ZSM-5, thus facilitating the directional pyrolysis of waste cassava residues into aromatics. Higher apparent activation energy for aromatics formation from waste cassava residues pyrolysis in the presence of La and P modified ZSM-5 might be due to the fact that the catalytic pyrolysis belonged to diffusion-controlled gas-solid reaction. In comparison with that of the parent ZSM-5, LaP 2 /ZSM exhibited better performance towards aromatics formation in waste cassava residues pyrolysis, wherein the relative content of aromatics reached 83.3% at a temperature of 650 °C. Gratifyingly, the relative content of aromatics was increased to 90.5% for the catalytic pyrolysis of acid pretreated cassava residue, in the case of LaP 1 /ZSM catalyst.
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高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 28
·期 8
·3410
·
IF 4.6
Yuyu He,Liangmeng Ni,Qi Gao,Hao Ren,Mengfu Su,Yanmei Hou,Zhijia Liu
To effectively remove methylene blue (MB) from dye wastewater, a novel activated carbon (BAC) was manufactured through co-pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shell and K2FeO4. The activation process was optimized to a temperature of 750 °C and an activation time of 90 min based on its excellent adsorption capacity of 560.94 mg/g with a yield of 10.03%. The physicochemical and adsorption properties of BACs were investigated. The BAC had an ultrahigh specific surface area of 2327.7 cm2/g and abundant active functional groups. The adsorption mechanisms included chemisorption and physisorption. The Freundlich model could be used to describe the isothermal adsorption of MB. The kinetics confirmed that the adsorption of MB belonged to the pseudo-second-order model. Intra-particle diffusion was the main rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and temperature was beneficial for the improvement of adsorption property. Furthermore, the removal rate of MB was 63.5% after three cycles. The BAC will have great potential for commercial development for purifying dye wastewater.Keywords:bamboo shoot shell;activated carbon;adsorption process;methylene blue;K2FeO4
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2019
·
IF 5.128
Haimiao Yu,Yang Liu,Jiecheng Liu,Dezhen Chen
The study aims to evaluate the catalytic potential of a Ni-based catalyst supported by magnesium slag (MS) for catalytic reforming of pyrolysis volatiles from pine sawdust. The catalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method. The effects of different parameters (Ni loading content, calcination/catalytic bed temperature and steam to carbon (S/C) ratio) on the catalytic performance were investigated. In addition, tar cracking capability and coke deposition resistance of Ni/MS catalyst and Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst were explored under different calcination/catalytic bed temperatures. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, TEM, TPO and Raman spectroscopy. The Ni/MS catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic reactivity as well as thermal stability. The best tar conversion (95.69%) and the highest hydrogen yield of 38.9 mmol/g biomass were obtained over Ni/MS catalyst under the conditions of Ni loading content = 3%, calcination/catalytic bed temperature = 800 °C, and S/C = 0.5. The interactions among Ni, Fe, Ca, and Mg formed multiple active centers (e.g., Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 , (Ni, Mg) O solid solution and NiFe 2 O 4 ) in the catalyst to show synergistic catalysis effects, thereby jointly improving catalyst activity and coke deposition resistance. Furthermore, both amorphous carbon and graphitic carbon were formed on the used catalysts and the D/G ratio (the relative intensity ratio between the D and G bands) was positively correlated with the catalytic activity.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2018
·
IF 3.468
Hao Chen,Hao Cheng,Feng Zhou,Kequan Chen,Kai Qiao,Xiuyang Lu,Pingkai Ouyang,Jie Fu
The synthesis of highly selective catalysts for the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass into valuable aromatics remains a challenge. This report describes the synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts by the NaOH desilication of conventional HZSM-5 for the CFP of rice straw to aromatics in a Tandem μ-reactor system coupled directly to a GC/MS equipped with FID and TCD. Catalysts were treated with a mild HCl wash and metal loading to increase the catalytic activity and reduce the deactivation. The effects of acidity, mesoporosity and incorporation of metals on the production of aromatics were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N 2 adsorption and desorption (N 2 -BET) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH 3 (NH 3 -TPD). The highest total acidity, especially the strong acidity, of the hierarchical ZSM-5 treated by 0.2 and 0.4 NaOH followed by HCl washing (AHZ-0.2 and AHZ-0.4) gave the highest yields of aromatics. Suitable mesopores introduced by alkali treatment enhanced mass transfer of reactants, increasing the yield of aromatics. Finally, the loading of a suitable amount of Ni and Cu produced more aromatics than standard HZSM-5 due to the improved decarboxylation/decarbonylation reactions leading to higher yields of olefins.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2018
·
IF 3.468
Qiang Lu,Xiao-ning Ye,Zhen-xi Zhang,Ze-xiang Wang,Min-shu Cui,Yong-ping Yang
Activated carbon (AC) prepared by physical activation with steam (named as AC-H 2 O) was employed for catalytic fast pyrolysis of bagasse in a hydrogen atmosphere to selectively produce 4-ethyl phenol (4-EP), a valuable phenolic compound. Lab-scale fast pyrolysis experiments were conducted to quantitatively determine the pyrolytic products and investigate several factors on the 4-EP production, including pyrolysis atmosphere, AC type, catalytic pyrolysis temperature, and AC-to-bagasse ratio. The results indicated that the AC-H 2 O (activated by H 2 O) catalyst exhibited much better performance on 4-EP production than other ACs prepared by different activation methods. Compared with the inert atmosphere, the presence of hydrogen atmosphere could significantly promote the 4-EP formation with the yield increase by over 36%. The maximal 4-EP yield of 3.55 wt% with the selectivity of 17.42% was obtained under AC-to-bagasse ratio of 1.5 at 330 °C. In addition, the gas product produced by the pyrolysis process could be recycled to provide a hydrogen atmosphere without an additional hydrogen supply.
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ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
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2018
·
IF 2.943
Shuai Mao,Rui Bao,Dong Fang,Jianhong Yi
Ag/AgX (X = Cl, Br) plasmonic photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile one-pot ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, wherein no additional issues such as high pressure, surfactants and reducing agents were required. The structure, morphology, and optical property of the as-prepared photocatalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet–visible light absorption spectra and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that Ag/AgX photocatalysts have excellent photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) pollutants under visible light illumination, and the photocatalytic activity maintains a high level after seven cycles. Metallic Ag 0 particles nucleate on the surface of AgX uniformly through the thermal decomposition of residual AgNO 3 solution, which enhanced the interaction between Ag 0 and AgX. The outstanding photocatalytic activity benefits from the small size and high dispersion of Ag 0 nanoparticles and the enhanced interaction between Ag 0 and AgX.
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高影响因子
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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2017
·Vol. 9
·期 6
·
IF 1.135
Ma Tong,Liu Yang,Yu Haimiao
In this study, a novel Ni-based catalyst supported by iron slag (IS) was used to catalyze the pyrolysis volatile matter of pine sawdust, and the catalytic characters of the novel catalyst were compared with those of alumina Ni-based catalysts. In addition, the catalytic performances of the novel iron slag Ni-based catalyst on pyrolysis volatile matter of biomass components (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) were experimentally investigated. Experimental results showed that the iron slag Ni-based catalyst could remove more than 90% of tar, which was close to the catalytic performance of common alumina nickel catalysts. The temperature-programmed oxidation analysis results showed that the coke amount was less than 0.6% of IS Ni-based catalyst, indicating the superior performance to alumina nickel catalyst. The analysis results of the catalytic effect on biomass components volatile matter showed that the IS Ni-based catalyst could significantly improve the tar conversion of lignin (92.71%). We compared the dew points of various biomass components and found that lignin was the main influencing factor of the dew point of pyrolysis tar. The catalytic performance of the IS Ni-based catalyst verified the economic value and environmental effect of IS for its reutilization. We analyzed the catalytic effect of pyrolysis volatile matter of biomass components on the novel catalyst for the purpose of selecting proper biomass materials.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Huan Liu,Huili Liu,Jianhang Hu,Wenrui Zhong,Zhikai Hu,Hua Wang
Catalytic lignin pyrolysis for hydrocarbon liquid fuel production offers a viable alternative to fossil fuels . This study investigated the effects of transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) modified composite molecular sieve catalysts on the pyrolysis product distribution and behavior of alkali lignin (AL). AL pyrolysis achieved the highest liquid product yield of 24.50 % at 600 °C, with high temperatures favoring hydrocarbon product formation. Volatile gaseous products from AL pyrolysis included H 2 , CO, CO 2 , phenolic compounds, heteroatomic compounds, and hydrocarbons. Molecular sieve catalyst additions were all favorable to the increase in hydrocarbon content. Compared with ZSM-5 and SBA-15, catalysts processed through acid etching and metal modification exhibited optimized pore structure , acid site distribution, and catalytic performance. Metal-modified composite molecular sieve catalysts (FeZS, CoZS, NiZS, and CuZS) generated more liquid products and promoted hydrocarbon formation. Notably, Cu-modified ZS catalysts exhibited superior acid site distribution and specific surface area, considerably reducing oxygenated compounds in the products. A higher catalyst-to-feedstock ratio increased the number of catalytically active sites, facilitating the cracking and deoxygenation of oxygenated components and generating more hydrocarbon products. The highest hydrocarbon yield for AL with a catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 10:1 under CuZS was 92.25 %, with 66.07 % being monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and 61.72 % benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene , and xylenes (BTEX). Additionally, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses revealed a substantial decrease in the average activation energy (E α ) of AL and a reduction in entropy value with the CuZS catalyst, indicating enhanced pyrolytic reactivity of AL. Therefore, the proposed method is highly effective for producing highly selective hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis of AL.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Ruihan Dong,Ziyue Tang,Yang Yang,Yingquan Chen,Xianhua Wang,Wei Cheng,Haiping Yang,Hanping Chen
The thermodynamics and kinetics effects of activators on the simultaneous activation pyrolysis of microalgae remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of activators (KOH, KHCO 3 , CH 3 COOK, K 2 CO 3 ) on Spirulina platensis (SP) pyrolysis using thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) and isoconversion methods. The results showed that all activators reduced the initial decomposition temperature of SP, leading to the earlier release of volatile pyrolysis products. Kinetics analysis further revealed that the addition of activators lowered the apparent activation energy ( E α ) in the initial pyrolysis stage of SP. However, as the devolatilization process transitioned to the charring stage, the E α gradually increased, surpassing that of SP pyrolyzed alone. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the carbonization process of microalgae in the presence of activators required higher energy absorption. These findings reveal the mechanisms of activators in microalgae pyrolysis and provide insights into biochar production.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 99
·期 7
·1626-1636
·
IF 2.8
Haonnan Qiao,Yaqi Feng,Changsen Zhang
Background Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste plastics can produce high-quality chemicals, making it a potential alternative to fossil fuels. The production of aromatic-rich oil was achieved in this work by the catalytic co-pyrolysis of pine sawdust and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using a series of biochar (BC) made using different preparation methods. Zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) was employed to activate the BC during the preparation process, owing to its optimal activity for the co-pyrolysis intermediates. The study compared the effects of BCs activated using different treatment methods on the yield and fractions of pine sawdust and LDPE co-pyrolysis in a fast pyrolysis tube furnace at 650 °C. Results The study indicates that the ZnCl 2 BC, prepared from pine sawdust by fast pyrolysis (F-AC), exhibited the best aromatic catalytic activity. The selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons was 72.53%, and the content of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) was 32.17%. Conclusion The Diels–Alder reaction and aromatization were made more effective due to the Zn sites and large pore structure in F-AC. Using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was found that F-AC contained more oxygen (O)-containing groups in abundance, which improved its adsorption capacity for reaction intermediates. At the same time, the porous structure and high SSA of BC provided a region for the reaction intermediate to interact with the active center containing O-containing groups. This enhanced the synergy between biomass and plastics and raised the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons. It provides a reference for the application of carbon-based materials in the co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Shan Cheng,Yi Fu,Hong Tian,Yi Cheng,Jiawei Wang,Jiang Zhu,Linxi Guo,Xuan Huang
The selectivity and catalytic mechanism of HZSM-5 in the pyrolysis of lignin model compounds at 600 °C were investigated using Py-GC/MS and density functional theory (DFT). The findings indicate that HZSM-5 elevated the relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis products of phenol, vanillin, and syringol by 12.3 %, 11.7 %, and 7.5 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative content of oxygen-containing products, including aldehydes and acids, was reduced by 15.7–52.0 %. Throughout the pyrolysis of lignin model compounds, various side chain reactions take place, such as dissociation, decarbonylation, isomerization rearrangement, alkylation, and aromatization. The selective catalytic decomposition mechanism of HZSM-5 on oxygen-containing functional groups involves both the physical selection imparted by the pore size structure and the selection of acid sites that form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl, carbonyl, and methoxy groups. This mechanism was corroborated by DFT calculations, which showed that the energy barriers for the removal of most oxygen-containing functional groups were lowered by 1.7–72.4 kJ/mol. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin and pave the way for future research on the high-value utilization of waste lignin.
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2016
·
IF 3.611
Junbo Zhou,Yu Qiao,Wenxia Wang,Erwei Leng,Jingchun Huang,Yun Yu,Minghou Xu
This paper reports the formation of styrene monomer, dimer and trimer in the primary volatiles during fast pyrolysis of polystyrene in a wire-mesh reactor where secondary reactions of primary pyrolysis volatiles are minimized. Styrene monomer is the most abundant product in the primary volatiles from polystyrene pyrolysis, with a selectivity of 48–69 wt% depending on pyrolysis temperature, while dimer and trimer only have selectivities of 8–10 and 9–30 wt%, respectively. High temperature promotes the formation of styrene monomer and suppresses the formation of styrene trimer, but with little effect on the formation of styrene dimer. It is also found that the selectivities of styrene monomer, dimer and trimer show negligible changes with increasing the conversion level at the same pyrolysis temperature. The results suggest neither 1,3-hydrogen transfer nor intermolecular benzyl radical addition is the dominant formation mechanism for styrene dimer. The styrene dimer is more likely produced via the 1,7- and 7,3-hydrogen transfer mechanism.
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