Science Advances
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2026
·Vol. 12
·期 13
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IF 13.9
Binfen Wang,Hongwei Wang,Wenyu Xu,Zelin Chang,Jialin Li,Yutong Gong,Fei Huang,Junjie Wang,Xinliang Li
Charge carrier recombination represents a fundamental constraint in semiconductor photocatalysis. Combining heterostructure design with deliberate defect engineering to facilitate hydrogen intermediate (*H) adsorption is a viable strategy for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we design defective MBene via controlled etching and perform in situ hydrothermal assembly to develop a tailored MoBT x /CdS heterostructure. Incorporating a mere 0.5 wt % two-dimensional MoBT x MBene leads to a fourfold enhancement in HER activity over bare CdS. The established MoBT x /CdS catalyst achieves a remarkable HER of 10.2 millimoles per gram per hour under ambient conditions with 23.2% apparent quantum yield and sustains 90.2% activity after 24 hours of continued operation. Outstanding environmental adaptability is demonstrated through a consistent HER value of 7.1 millimoles per gram per hour in tap water and 5.7 millimoles per gram per hour in seawater. The temperature-dependent performance demonstrates notable robustness, reaching 11.1 millimoles per gram per hour at 35°C while preserving 40% functionality at harsh 5°C. Integrated photoelectrochemical and computational analyses elucidate that Mo vacancies create band alignment–optimizing electron traps and reduced *H adsorption barriers, enhancing fast carrier separation. Concurrently, interfacial covalent Mo─S bonds establish atomic-level charge-transfer pathways and enable rapid electron migration. This work establishes a previously unidentified paradigm for advanced photocatalyst design through concerted defect-interface modulation.
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Science Advances
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2026
·Vol. 12
·期 13
·
IF 13.9
Jiansong Zhao,Tian Yin,Yaxin Deng,Hongbing Liu,Mingli Wei,Chenxiao Chu,Xinxin Liang,Xiaoshuang Bi,Haibing He,Jingxin Gou,Xing Tang,Yu Zhang
Exosomes, despite their promise as drug carriers for crossing biological barriers, remain underexplored for noninvasive posterior ocular delivery. Here, we demonstrate that semen-derived exosomes (SEVs) penetrate ocular barriers effectively, owing to their epidermal growth factor expression, which mediates reversible tight-junction disruption. SEVs reach the posterior segment via dual corneal and conjunctival routes. Using this, we engineered FA-SEVs@CMG eye drops, where SEVs are modified with folic acid (FA) and loaded with a nanozyme system (CMG) composed of carbon dots, manganese dioxide, and glucose oxidase. This eye drop leverages SEVs’ excellent penetration ability and FA’s targeting effect to enhance drug delivery to retinoblastoma (RB) cells. Internalized CMG induces intense oxidative stress, disrupts the autophagy-apoptosis balance, and triggers RB cell self-destruction. In vivo, FA-SEVs@CMG effectively inhibits RB growth while preserving retinal function. This work establishes the first SEV-based platform for noninvasive posterior segment delivery, offering a transformative strategy for treating posterior ocular diseases.
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MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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2026
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IF 5.2
Xuanrui Zhang,Peixuan Jin,Shunxing Liang,Weitong Cai
Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a promising candidate material for photovoltaic applications, sodium doping is crucial for improving the crystalline quality and performance of CZTS thin films. This study systematically investigated the effects of sodium dopant type, such as NaCl, NaHCO 3 , and NaOH, doping concentration at specific levels of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 at.%, and doping method, including precursor solution doping and post-deposition doping, on the microstructure and optical properties of CZTS thin films. Research findings indicate that NaHCO 3 serves as the optimal sodium source, effectively promoting grain growth while suppressing secondary phase formation. The film with 6 at.% doping concentration achieves optimal properties, including a maximum grain size of 57 nm and a near-ideal stoichiometry with Cu/Zn and S/Zn ratios of 2.38 and 4.90, alongside significantly enhanced surface compactness. The sodium doping in the precursor solution enhances crystallinity but tends to introduce secondary phases, whereas post-doping of the precursor film better preserves phase purity and elemental stability, albeit with a slight decrease in crystallinity.
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VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
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2026
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IF 3.1
Xuejiao Wang,Xueyan Liu,Wei Zhang,Bing Hua,Haoyu Zhang,Erjin Zhang
Research on non-noble metal SERS platforms has drawn widespread focus in the past decade. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) has emerged as a highly potential candidate for non-noble metal SERS platforms, owing to its tunable bandgap and abundant active sites. Nevertheless, pristine MoS 2 exhibits weak SERS activity, limiting its practical applications. In this study, tungsten atoms were doped into MoS 2 by a one-step hydrothermal approach to significantly boost MoS 2 ’s capability for SERS applications. The following factors account for the enhanced SERS activity of tungsten-doped MoS 2 (W-MoS 2 ): W doping can enhance the adsorption between MoS 2 and analyte molecules, and facilitate charge transfer between them. Additionally, W doping is capable of regulating the band structure of MoS 2 , thereby enhancing the charge transfer efficiency. Experimental results show that the W-MoS 2 SERS substrate has better detection performance compared with the pure MoS 2 SERS substrate. For methylene blue (MB), the SERS enhancement factor (EF) of the W-MoS 2 substrate was calculated as 1.095 × 10 6 , and its detection limit was achieved at 10 −7 M. Additionally, the W-MoS 2 platform demonstrates high homogeneity and stability. This work offers a novel perspective on the rational synthesis of transition-metal dichalcogenide materials exhibiting high SERS performance.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2026
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IF 9.2
Yanbin Wang,Liling Wang
In Fenton-like reactions, enhancing the activation efficiency of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a critical factor for generating diverse reactive oxygen species, but improving PMS adsorption capacity and accelerating electron transfer remain major challenges to boost reaction kinetics. This study designed and synthesized a novel copper-palladium (Cu-Pd) bimetallic spinel oxide, where Pd doping into spinel-structured and layered copper oxides effectively generated a substantial number of oxygen vacancies and precisely regulated the electronic structure–two core factors that dominate PMS activation efficiency. A key finding of this work is that electron delocalization at highly active Cu-Pd sites, coupled with abundant oxygen vacancies, enables rapid PMS activation and significantly promotes the cycling efficiency of Pd 2+ /Pd 0 and Cu 2+ /Cu + at the catalyst interface. In the Cu 2 PdO 3 /PMS system, the degradation efficiency of bisphenol A (BPA) reached 100% within 5 min, with a corresponding rate constant of 0.501 s −1 , which was 11.65 and 22.77 times higher than those of pure Pd oxide and Cu oxide, respectively. The integration of experimental characterization with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals that oxygen vacancies and electron transfer are the primary catalytic mechanisms: the pronounced electron delocalization at Cu/Pd sites facilitates the adsorption of ∗HSO 5 /∗OH intermediates on the “metal-Vo bridge” structure. This study provides a representative case and for spinel oxides-based PMS activation, offers novel insights into the regulatory roles of oxygen vacancies and electron delocalization, and lays critical references for the development of advanced environmental remediation catalysts.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 19.9
Shuxia Wei,Xuejun Xu,Zongjie Su,Hongyi Lu,Yue Liu,Han Xu,Qianqian Gao,Yunfeng Wang,Ming Li,Tianyu Xing,Siyu Wang,Haoran Li,Li Wu,Yi Zhang
The open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) deficit remains a primary bottleneck hindering the efficiency of solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 (CIGSSe) solar cells, largely due to the uncontrolled elemental diffusion during high-temperature selenization that prevents the formation of a beneficial bandgap gradient. Here, we propose a novel and highly effective low-temperature surface treatment strategy to overcome this long-standing challenge. By spin-coating a gallium-thiourea complex solution onto the pre-fabricated CIGSSe absorber, we construct a strategic Cu-poor, Ga-rich surface layer. Such design widens the surface bandgap, leading to an optimized band alignment at the CIGSSe/CdS heterojunction with a reduced conduction band offset (0.15 eV) and an enlarged valence band offset (1.13 eV). This synergistic effect drastically suppresses interface recombination. As a consequence, we achieve a champion device with a V OC of 0.692 V—the highest value reported to date for solution-processed CIGSSe—and a power conversion efficiency of 16.65% (17.93% with an MgF 2 anti-reflection layer). This work presents a simple yet powerful pathway for targeted front interface engineering, paving the way for high-efficiency, low-cost chalcopyrite photovoltaics.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Chenda Wei,Shixin Huang,Wei Liu,Hailong Lin,Zhicheng Wen,Chunjin Hang,Rong An
Template-guided topotactic transformation builds an ordered 2D/1D Bi 2 O 2 S/Bi 2 S 3 . • Bi 2 O 2 S/Bi 2 S 3 exhibited excellent sensitivity and a fast response to NO under high humidity. • The sensing mechanism was systematically studied at atomic and electronic scales. • Exhaled NO monitoring potential was demonstrated under breath-relevant conditions. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a clinically relevant noninvasive breath biomarker associated with asthma diagnosis and management, yet its reliable detection remains hindered by the high humidity of human breath. Here, we develop a humidity-enhanced sensing strategy through template-guided topotactic transformation. The resulting hierarchically ordered 2D/1D Bi 2 O 2 S/Bi 2 S 3 (BOS/BS) heterostructure features an open nanoarchitecture, facilitating rapid gas transport and exposing active sites. The optimized BOS/BS sensor delivers a response of 37 to 1 ppm NO at room temperature under 90% RH, with response/recovery times of 9/33 s and a detection limit of 25 ppb. The response is nearly 12 times that of the single-phase BS sensor and 4 times that of the less ordered BOS/BS sensor Rather than excluding moisture, the BOS/BS heterostructure integrates interfacial charge redistribution with humidity-induced surface hydroxylation to promote NO adsorption and conversion. This work establishes a topotactic route to hierarchically ordered heterostructures for room-temperature NO sensing under high humidity and offers a materials-design strategy for breath-relevant NO sensing under moisture-rich conditions. Download: Download high-res image (165KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2026
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IF 9.2
Lu Zeng,Xuexia Guo,Jiahao Sun,Wenbin Huang,Huinan Zhao,Lingling Hu,Shuanghong Tian,Chun He
In Fenton-like processes, achieving rapid and efficient redox cycling of metal active centers remains a challenge. This study presents an innovative strategy that harnesses the mechanical energy of water flow to drive the redox cycling of metal active centers. Herein, Fe 3 O 4 /MoS 2 heterojunction with interfacial Mo-S-Fe bridge bonds was constructed via a one-step hydrothermal method. Under the stimulation induced by water-flow mechanical, the piezoelectric effect of MoS 2 generates charge carriers, which are rapidly directed to Fe active sites through the Mo-S-Fe bonds. This process significantly accelerates the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle and enhances H 2 O 2 activation, achieving 93.8% removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 60 min under water flow stimulation. The composite exhibits robust performance across a broad pH range (3.0-10.7) and in the presence of humic acid (HA) and coexisting anions, demonstrating its strong environmental adaptability. Spectroscopic evidence confirmed the formation of Mo-S-Fe bonds at the heterojunction interface. Mechanistic studies further revealed that the structure improves charge separation, promotes rapid electron transfer from MoS 2 to Fe sites, and strengthens H 2 O 2 adsorption, thereby synergistically boosting reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation and the overall catalytic efficiency. This study proposes an innovative strategy that exploits mechanical forces generated by water flow to drive rapid redox cycling of active metal centers in Fenton-like reactions.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Zhu Meng,Yifeng Cheng,Jiale Xu,Jiani Zhu,Juntao Tang,Shuang Song,Feilong Dong
Hydraulic disturbance during sand-filter backwashing can release retained micropollutants, yet the same disturbance represents an underused source of mechanical energy. Here, a hydraulic driven MoS 2 /peracetic acid (PAA) piezocatalytic system was developed for the degradation of atrazine (ATZ). The MoS 2 /PAA system exhibited substantially higher reactivity than the PAA, MoS 2 /H 2 O 2 , and MoS 2 /PMS systems, indicating a strong synergistic interaction under hydraulic conditions. Increasing the hydraulic gradient further enhanced ATZ degradation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that hydraulic stimulation induced piezoelectric polarization of MoS 2 , facilitating charge separation and activating PAA via a direct electron-transfer pathway. As a result, multiple reactive species were generated, including •OH, R-O•, and 1 O 2 , with 1 O 2 playing a dominant role. Transformation pathway analysis indicated that ATZ degradation proceeded mainly through alkyl hydroxylation, dechlorination, and dealkylation. Although background water constituents inhibited degradation to varying extents, the system maintained good stability with low Mo leaching. Toxicity prediction further suggested an overall decrease in ecotoxicity during degradation. Unlike conventional piezocatalytic processes driven by ultrasound or dedicated mechanical devices, this system directly utilizes the hydraulic disturbance generated during sand-filter backwashing. These findings demonstrate a self-powered strategy for efficient and environmentally relevant removal of persistent organic pollutants.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Qi Liu,Wenrou Yu,Anping Liu,Lianjie Zhou,Wen Tang,Yingzhou Huang
Multiple Synergistic SERS Enhancement of 3D micro-nano Ni-foam@MoS₂ • Overcomes EBC matrix interference for ultrasensitive 2.95 nM lactate detection • AI algorithms decode complex SERS spectra for non-invasive health monitoring. To address the critical demand for highly sensitive sensing interfaces in non-invasive exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis, this study develops a high-performance SERS substrate featuring interlaced, needle-like MoS₂ nanoclusters grown in situ on a 3D nickel foam scaffold (Ni-foam@MoS₂). This architecture effectively overcomes the severe signal heterogeneity and poor wearable compatibility that typically plague traditional plasmonic metal substrates. The system synergizes multiple coupled SERS enhancement mechanisms: the 3D porous scaffold and interwoven needle-like arrays form abundant optical microcavities. These microcavities effectively confine incident light and significantly enhance light-matter interactions, thereby inducing electromagnetic enhancement. Concurrently, the interlaced MoS₂ arrays not only efficiently concentrate trace analytes but also induce substantial chemical mechanism via vigorous charge transfer. Consequently, the substrate achieves an outstanding average enhancement factor of 1.88 × 10 9 , alongside superb signal reproducibility and long-term environmental stability. By deploying this Ni-foam@MoS₂ substrate for the rapid off-line analysis of simulated exhaled breath condensate (EBC), we achieved the ultrasensitive detection of lactate (LA), a critical metabolic biomarker, with a limit of detection as low as 2.95 nM. Furthermore, coupling these complex spectral datasets with advanced artificial intelligence algorithms enabled the highly accurate classification of concentration-dependent LA spectral variations, demonstrating significant proof-of-concept potential for mask-integrated biomolecular sensing and non-invasive physiological monitoring.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Umer Hayat,Shafuq Abbas,Qingcai Yu,Yifan Chai,Defeng Kong,Xinyang Huang,Xing Chen
Nowadays, heavy metals are a major issue worldwide, polluting natural resources. In the given study, a novel approach was developed; commercial coconut shell activated carbon was modified with Fe 3 O 4 and thiourea (CH 4 N 2 S) to adsorb Cr(VI) and Ni(II) from industrial wastewater under photochemical reaction on a signal platform. The Cr(VI) reduction-adsorption rate was approximately 95% (2.91 mg/L), which was investigated under acidic conditions (pH = 2) with a 40 mg dose of adsorbent. The same phenomenon was observed for Ni(II) adsorption, approximately 91% (3.98 mg/L) at pH = 6 for 60 min, using the same adsorbent dose. The increased removal efficiency is attributed to the synergetic behavior of Fe₃O₄ and thiourea, where the Fe₃O₄ endorsed the reduction-adsorption of Cr(VI) while thiourea functional groups ( NH₂ and C S) endorsed the adsorption of Ni(II) with strong coordination of active sites along with surface complexation and electrostatic interactions. Analysis indicated the breakage of the activated carbon structure after the Cr(VI) adsorption. To get insights into the adsorption mechanism, Density Functional Theory calculations were performed to optimize structure, showing the stability of metal and surface complexes. FMO analysis demonstrates a reduction in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap from 2.95 eV (CSAC) to 0.17 eV (CSAC@Fe₃O₄@TU & metal), indicating increased surface reactivity and charge transfer. While NCI and RDG calculations further confirm the electrostatic attraction and bonding of Cr(VI) and Ni(II). This study presents a novel approach to conducting comparative studies under photochemical reactions. The CSAC@Fe 3 O 4 @Tu is a low-cost, green catalyst that was used for the remediation of environmental pollutants.
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.1
Wang Rui,Xue Junping,Tan Chunyu,Jia Birong,Zhang Peng,Chen Lingxin,Li Jinhua,Song Zhihua
Mercury ion (Hg 2+ ) contamination poses severe threats to ecological systems and human health, necessitating the development of facile and rapid monitoring methodologies. Herein, a fluorescence sensing system integrating ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) nanoparticle (NP)-based test strips with a miniaturized fluorimeter was fabricated for rapid quantitative analysis of Hg 2+ in complicated matrix samples. First, CdTe quantum dot (QD)-coated silica (CdTe@SiO 2 ) NPs and Hg 2+ -imprinted polymer-functionalized CdTe@SiO 2 (Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO 2 ) NPs were synthesized via an ion-imprinting strategy using Hg 2+ as the template ion via ion-imprinting technology. Critical synthetic parameters, including the feed ratios of functional monomer, cross-linker, and catalyst, as well as the loading volume of QDs, were systematically optimized. Characterizations verified that the as-prepared Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO 2 NPs displayed regular spherical morphology, desirable component distribution, and favorable fluorescence performance. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that Hg 2+ effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO 2 NPs via a combination of dynamic quenching and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Benefiting from the good fluorescence properties of specific recognition of the system, the constructed sensing platform achieved high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.1 ng/L, superior anti-interference selectivity, and satisfactory reproducibility and storage stability (relative standard deviation, RSD < 5%). Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) assessment confirmed the eco-friendly feature of the proposed detection strategy. Finally, the developed sensing system was successfully applied for Hg 2+ quantification in real samples, highlighting its promising application prospect for environmental supervision, food safety, and pharmaceutical inspection. Graphic abstract Hg-IIPs@CdTe@SiO 2 NP-based test strips combined with a miniaturized fluorometer were successfully used for rapid fluorometric determination of Hg 2+ in real samples (milk, lake water, bezoar antidotal pills, ginseng stems, and leaves).
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