Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Yajun Wang,Xusheng Liu,Chengran Luo,Hongyi Chen,Zhenlong Huang,Peng Li,Binbin Jiang
Entropy engineering has emerged as an effective strategy for optimizing thermoelectric performance by decoupling electrical and thermal transport properties. By co-tuning the electronic band structure and phonon scattering mechanisms based on entropy and vacancy engineering, a high zT value of 2.62 at 700 K was achieved in GeTe-based materials. First, doping interstitial Cu atoms in Pb and Bi doped GeTe matrix has increased the carrier mobility and electrical properties by reducing the intrinsic Ge vacancies. Subsequently, introducing Sb at Ge sites will increase the average lattice symmetry based on entropy stabilized crystal structure, promoting the band convergence and the Seebeck coefficient due to the increased effective mass of density of states. The tuned Ge vacancies based on changing Sb content increased the electronic density of states, effectively suppressing the bipolar effect and achieving high power factor at the whole temperature range. Therefore, based on the entropy and vacancy co-tuning strategy, a high average zT of 1.8, along with a high experimental conversion efficiency of 13% with the fabricated segmented module were realized. This work provides an entropy and vacancy co-tuning strategy to systematically optimize the performance of thermoelectric power generation in a wide temperature range.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Yang Jiawei,Zhu Rui,Li Ming,Mei Zengxia,Chen Ling,Wu Li-Ming
Sustainable thermal management of high-heat-flux electronics beyond Moore’s Law requires micro thermoelectric coolers (μ-TECs) that are both high-performance and environmentally sustainable. However, state-of-the-art μ-TECs rely on Bi 2 Te 3 -based materials, whose tellurium scarcity, toxicity concerns and limited mechanical robustness hinder widespread adoption. Mg-based thermoelectric materials offer a promising alternative but remain challenging to integrate into microscale devices. Here we show that a low-temperature, water-free fabrication strategy enables tellurium-minimized μ-TECs based on n -type Mg 3 (Bi,Sb) 2 and p -type MgAgSb. Using magnetron sputtering as a cold bonding approach, we fabricate compact 12-pair microdevices (2.95 × 4.35 × 1.4 mm 3 ), with thermoelectric legs approximately 3% the size of previously reported Mg-based devices. The resulting μ-TECs achieve a power density of 4.34 W cm −2 and a packing density of 93.5 pairs cm −2 . Our work establishes a scalable route for sustainable thermoelectric cooling and a viable alternative to conventional Bi 2 Te 3 technologies.
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Materials Today Physics
·
2026
·
IF 9.3
Lijun Zhai,Feng Luo,Lingfang Liu,Xinyue Zhang,Jian Shi,Jian Wang,Yanli Li,Hongxia Liu,Wenjie Xie,Zhigang Sun
The 18-electron Ti 0.75 NiSb compound exhibits intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity due to the presence of numerous Ti vacancies. However, the high carrier concentration limits further improvement of the thermoelectric performance. In this work, Co atoms are employed to substitute Ni atoms in Ti 0.75 Ni 1- x Co x Sb. The results show that Co substitution effectively tunes the valence electron count of Ti 0.75 NiSb and leads to the formation of a NiSb-based metallic impurity phase, which significantly reduces the carrier concentration from 8.04 × 10 21 cm −3 to 2.31 × 10 21 cm −3 . Consequently, the Seebeck coefficient increases significantly from −94 μV/K for the x = 0 sample to −189 μV/K for x = 0.5, while the electronic thermal conductivity drops substantially from 3.52 to 0.87 W/mK at 873 K. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity increases due to the reduced Ti vacancy concentration (to satisfy the 18-valence-electron rule) and the formation of the metallic impurity phases. Ultimately, a peak zT of ∼0.50 is achieved at 873 K, representing a ∼47% enhancement compared with the Ti 0.75 NiSb alloy. This work demonstrates that the combination of valence electron count modulation and interface engineering is an effective strategy to optimize the thermoelectric performance of half-Heusler systems. Download: Download high-res image (378KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 19
·期 7
·1345
·
IF 3.7
Lawrence Yongo Methodius Emiliano,Yilin Jiang,Hua-Lu Zhuang,Hezhang Li,Chen Chen,Su-Wei Zhang,Yuzuru Miyazaki,Jing-Feng Li
Thermoelectric (TE) materials offer a promising route for direct thermal-to-electrical energy conversion via the Seebeck effect. Among them, GeTe exhibits superior performance in the mid-temperature range (500–800 K), whereas (Bi,Sb)2Te3is widely regarded as the benchmark material for near low-temperature applications (< 450 K). To improve TE efficiency over a wider temperature range, segmented GeTe/(Bi,Sb)2Te3-based single-leg TE devices were developed. Specifically, based on nanocomposite technology, B4C and SiC nanoparticles were, respectively, introduced into GeTe and (Bi,Sb)2Te3, achieving optimization of electrical conductivity alongside reduction in thermal conductivity, thereby enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). Finite element simulations were used to optimize the geometric structure of the segmented device, determining the ideal ratio of GeTe to (Bi,Sb)2Te3. The simulations predicted a maximum conversion efficiency (ηmax) of 16.9% when the ratio of GeTe to (Bi,Sb)2Te3was 0.24, with a power density of 18.5 mW/mm2. Experimentally, the fabricated segmented device attained a peak conversion efficiency of 7.14% and a power density of 12.5 mW/mm2under a hot-side temperature of 773 K. These findings confirm that strategic segmentation, combined with nanoscale phonon scattering engineering, substantially improves overall TE device performance across broad temperature range, underscoring its potential for high-efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion systems.
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ACS Applied Electronic Materials
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Shiqiang Yan,Kezhang Zhang,Zhenyang Qi,Qiang Zhang,Wenhao Fan,Shaoping Chen
Thermoelectric technology converts low-grade waste heat into electrical energy, offering an environmentally sustainable pathway for global development. N-type Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 thermoelectric materials have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding thermoelectric performance over broad temperatures (27–500 °C). However, unavoidable Mg loss and interfacial element diffusion degrade the performance and service life of thermoelectric devices, thereby limiting the application of thermoelectric technology. Here, we introduce elemental Mg into thermoelectric interfacial materials (TEiMs) to suppress harmful Mg diffusion and compensate for Mg loss within the material, achieving dual stability in Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 devices. After 30 days of aging, Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 single-arm devices maintained an outstanding power density of 0.75 W/cm2 and a remarkable conversion efficiency of 8.9%, demonstrating unprecedented stability. These findings offer design strategies for TEiMs and provide valuable references for interface engineering in diverse thermoelectric systems, thereby advancing the practical feasibility of thermoelectric energy harvesting in renewable energy and waste heat applications.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Huang Zihao,Xu Chenchao,Que Yande,Liu Yi,Wang Yunhao,Zhu Shiyu,Shivajirao Ranjith,Tong Zheng Jue,Kumar Amit,Cao Chao,Cao Guang-Han,Gao Hong-Jun,Weber Bent
The interplay of charge and spin orders lies at the heart of correlated electron physics and plays a critical role in the emergence of unconventional quantum phases. Kagome magnets provide a particularly promising platform to investigate these phenomena, owing to their geometrically frustrated lattice structure. However, resolving spin and charge orders microscopically and establishing ways to control them remain fundamental challenges. Here, we demonstrate magnetic-field control of an altermagnetic spin density wave order intertwined with charge density wave order in kagome magnet CsCr 3 Sb 5 . Scanning tunneling microscopy down to deep cryogenic temperature of 50 mK reveals two previously unreported charge density wave orders. Density functional theory confirms that one of them, a 4 \({a}_{0}\times \sqrt{3}{a}_{0}\) charge order, is coupled to a spin density wave with an altermagnetic ground state. The charge density waves can be tuned in both amplitude and phase by an external magnetic field, reflected in domain switching and stripe sliding of the charge density wave. Our findings deepen the understanding of symmetry-breaking in kagome systems, providing a tunable platform to explore the interplay of electronic correlation with emergent quantum magnetism.
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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2026
·Vol. 46
·期 9
·118212
·
IF 6.3
Xinyu Wang,Ruipeng Wang,Jianli Jiang,Haining Meng,Haigang Hou,Jian Yang,Guiwu Liu,Guanjun Qiao
PbTe-based thermoelectric materials are promising for mid-temperature waste heat recovery, yet n-type PbTe underperforms its p-type counterpart. Herein, high-performance n-type PbTe is achieved through I/Ge co-doping and in-situ composite engineering with Sb 2 Te 3 prepared by melting combined spark plasma sintering. Sb 2 Te 3 alloying introduce in-situ formed Sb/Sb 2 Te 3 precipitates. Furthermore, iodine doping optimizes the carrier concentration to ∼3.4 × 10 19 cm –3 , boosting the room-temperature electrical conductivity to ∼1404 S cm −1 and yielding a high power factor of ∼17.4 μW cm −1 K −2 for the PbTe-Sb 2 Te 3 sample. Meanwhile, lattice thermal conductivity is synergistically suppressed to ∼0.37 W m –1 K –1 at 673 K through Ge-induced point defects/off-center anharmonicity and Sb/Sb 2 Te 3 precipitates. This synergistic strategy results in a peak ZT of ∼1.30 at 823 K and a high average ZT of ∼0.91 at 323–823 K. This work demonstrates that synergistic I/Ge co-doping and composite precipitation effectively enhance thermoelectric performance in n-type PbTe.
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Aquaculture Reports
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2023
·
IF 3.7
Yi Du,Long Cheng,Jianhua Zhao,Clement R. de Cruz,Hong Xu,Liansheng Wang,Qiyou Xu
This study investigated the effects of Clostridium butyricum (CB) and sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, intestinal immune, and gut microbiota of mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fed with a high level of soybean meal. Three hundred sixty healthy carp fingerlings (∼3.74 g) were divided into eight dietary treatments with four replicates and ten fish per replicate. Which include basal diet (Control group, C0); C0 supplemented with three levels of CB, 3 × 10 7 cfu/kg (C1), 3 × 10 8 cfu/kg (C2), 3 × 10 9 cfu/kg (C3); three levels of SB, 500 mg/kg (S1), 1000 mg/kg (S2), 2 000 mg/kg (S3); and 3 × 10 8 cfu/kg CB+ 1 000 mg/kg SB (CS), respectively. In 8-week trial, the survival rate of all groups was 100%. Compared with C0, the Weight Gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio were not significantly different in all groups ( P > 0.05). Crude protein and ether extract contents were increased significantly ( P < 0.05) when supplemented with different levels of CB and SB, and ash content increased significantly in the CB groups ( P < 0.05). Serum globulin increased and glucose decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the CB and SB groups. The intestinal T-SOD and glutathione activity in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut were increased ( P < 0.05), and villus height of foregut and midgut were higher in the CB and SB ( P < 0.05). Protease activities in the foregut and midgut were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in the C2, C3, S2, and S3. The lipase activity of the C2 and C3 in foregut, midgut, and hindgut; S2, S3, and CS in the foregut; S3 in midgut were significantly increased ( P < 0.05). The gut microbiota was modulated at the phylum and genera level by CB and SB administration. In summary, our results indicated that CB and SB could promote the whole body CP and EE content, intestine immunity, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal morphology, and modulated gut flora in carp.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2023
·Vol. 27
·期 6
·1433-1441
·
IF 2.5
Mao Qianlun,Jia Yuexin,Zhu Wenhao,Gao Lijun
Antimony (Sb) has been recognized as one of the most promising metal anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, owing to its high capacity and suitable sodiation potential. Nevertheless, the large volume variation during (de)alloying can lead to material fracture and amorphization, which seriously affects their cycling stability. In this work, we report an engineering strategy by encapsulating Sb nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped spherical carbon shells (Sb@CN). This unique structure can efficiently accommodate volume variation and release stress upon sodiation, thus maintaining structural integrity. As a result, the Sb@CN composite exhibits an excellent sodium storage performance, achieving a capacity of 282 mAh g −1 over 5000 cycles at the current density of 0.66 A g −1 , and the capacity retention rate from the second cycle to the 5000th cycle is close to 100%. Moreover, it also shows a remarkable rate capability of 217 mAh g −1 at a high current density of 3.3 A g −1 . It is believed that this composition strategy would provide guidance toward stable alloy anodes for sodium-ion batteries.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 7.336
Ye Liu,Zhe Li,Yanjie Cheng,Ru Wang,Yunhui Shi
Advanced secondary energy storage technologies and key components are crucial to the efficient use of energy resources. Layered antimonene can facilitate ions transport and intercalation. However, the electrochemical mechanism of antimonene is very much a gray area. Herein, we show that the electrolyte ions can make appreciable differences in the energy storage behavior of antimonene. Accordingly, a high value of 599 F g −1 can be obtained by scanning antimonene electrode in 1 M H 2 SO 4 at a rate of 5 mV s −1 , which is more than twice the capacitance of those KOH, LiOH and LiCl based electrolyte systems. Systematic investigation including kinetics simulation and extrapolation of surface charge suggests a mixture of surface-controlled and battery-like Faradaic responses of antimonene in acid electrolyte. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) combined with first-principles calculation further reveals that hydrated H + is expected to access the “inner” surface sites of antimonene and thus insert or intercalate into the antimonene nanosheets. Notably, an asymmetric supercapacitor composed of antimonene positrode and carbon nanotube negatrode exhibits a wide operating voltage of 1.8 V, a relatively high energy density of 46 Wh Kg −1 at a power density of 450 W Kg −1 and great cycling performance (capacitance retention of up to 112.7% after 5000 cycles, 1.5 A g −1 ). The paper offers fundamental insights into the influence of electrolyte ions on the electrochemical behavior of 2D Xenes and pushes back the frontiers of designing energy storage systems.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 4.598
Yaosheng Liu,Yongxing Diao,Guangxing Hu,Yuyan Zhao,Yan Shi,Hongda Wang,Zhuang Li
Metal-based pH sensor has wide applications in industrial monitoring, soil environment, marine safety, and other fields. In this study, we proposed to renew the antimony-based sensor by physical polishing and electrochemical cathode reduction. Compared with before polishing, the pH response sensitivity after polishing increased from 0.034 V/pH to 0.042 V/pH, electrochemical cathode reduction renewed the pH response sensitivity improved from 0.018 V/pH to 0.032 V/pH (10 min) and 0.043 V/pH (30 min). The reasons for the deterioration of the pH response performance of the antimony-based sensor were analyzed by SEM, EDS, and XRD, and the renewable mechanisms of the sensor were proposed. The renewable effect of electrochemical cathode reduction on the degradation of sensor accuracy was evaluated for long-term monitoring. It is expected to realize remote online renewal of sensors under on-site unattended conditions, to reduce operation and maintenance costs of the sensor. These results provide solutions for the repeated regeneration of metal-based pH sensors which were degraded in performance and have significance for promoting the development and wide applications of renewable pH sensors.
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Nano Research
·
2023
·
IF 9.9
Huang Tao,Li Ke,Lei Jinyu,Niu Quan,Peng Hui,Zou Bingsuo
Sb-based organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMHs) with [SbCl 5 ] 2− units have been widely reported due to high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and occasional multiple self-trapped exciton (STE) emission bands mainly out of singlet and triplet states, and their multi-band emission is important in white light-emitting diode (WLED). However, not all these OIHMH compounds can produce both emissions out of singlet STE and triplet STE at room temperature simultaneously. It is crucial to consider how the singlet STE generates and retains to emit light at room temperature for this material’s design and application. Herein, a strategy is proposed that can significantly lift Sb halide PLQY by synthesizing two Sb-based OIHMHs using organic amine cations of different-sized and -quantity, which modulate the distance of neighboring emission centers. Therein, the occurrence of singlet STE emission is found to be closely related to the distance of [SbCl 5 ] 2− units and local unit distortion in the lattice. The larger distance can produce smaller local distortions, favoring the formation of the singlet STE emission band at higher energy. This is the first work to reveal the relationship between the local structure and the origin of the singlet STE emission band, providing new insights into the modulation of the Sb-based OIHMH’s emission.
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