Food Bioscience
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2026
·
IF 6.2
Wei Tao,Xinyu Shan,Said Nawab,Zhangchenyu Ni,Elvis Kwame Adinkra,Mingyu Guo,Yifeng Jiang,Yu Chen,Chuanchao Wu,Yan Liu
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a subtype of Vitamin K 2 , is in high demand within the healthcare sector due to its health benefits. This study proposes a two-stage fermentation strategy combining submerged fermentation with leakage fermentation to enhance MK-7 production in a Bacillus subtilis mutant strain and preliminarily reveal its potential metabolic mechanisms. The Results showed that this strategy achieved a total MK-7 yield of 163.56 mg/L, representing an 85.48% increase over conventional biofilm fermentation, among which extracellular MK-7 production was significantly increased by 269.65%. Results from scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry confirmed that the enhanced MK-7 production was closely associated with increased membrane permeability induced by Brij-58. Furthermore, integrating gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that the highly active central carbon metabolism in the first stage promoted cell growth and MK-7 precursor accumulation, while the possible diversion of carbon flux to secondary metabolic pathways in the second stage facilitated efficient MK-7 biosynthesis. Meanwhile, it was found that the increase in membrane permeability might be attributed to oxidative stress induced by Brij-58, thereby facilitating the efflux of intracellular metabolites and effectively alleviating excessive intracellular MK-7 accumulation. These findings could serve as a potential industrial reference for future process optimization and scale-up validation of MK-7 fermentation, while also offering useful insights for addressing yield bottlenecks in other microbial metabolites.
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BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
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2025
·
IF 3.6
Zheng Jiawen,Sun Yaping,Liao Yunyu,Qin Peng,Che Rongzhen,Zhao Jing-yi,Xiao Zijun
Nattokinase (NK) is one of the most important functional components in natto, but its content is low. In this study, the fermentation conditions using Bacillus subtilis JZ08-02 for high-yield NK production were investigated, and the residual bacterial pellets were used to prepare a natto starter. Batch fermentation of NK was conducted using a 5 L fermenter, and soybean milk and glucose were used as the substrates. When the stirring speed was increased from 450 to 650 rpm with air supply at 1.0 vvm, NK was increased from 4859 ± 142 to 12,294 ± 226 IU/mL. When pure oxygen was supplied, 15,013 ± 550 IU/mL of NK was obtained. When fed-batch fermentation was conducted, the titer was further elevated to 18,014 ± 112 IU/mL, which was increased by about 76% compared with the previous result. The experimental findings revealed that aeration control and nutrient feeding regimens exerted pronounced effects on NK productivity during submerged fermentation. The crude enzyme supernatant was obtained by centrifugation and the precipitate was collected. With optimized protectant, the bacterial pellets were freeze-dried with 90.1% cell survival rate. Using economical and edible feedstocks, this study achieved a significant enhancement in NK fermentation yield via oxygen-enriched fed-batch cultivation. At the same time, a natto starter was prepared as a by-product using the residual cell waste.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
生物工程
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 8.2
Xiao-Tao Cheng,Lei Wu,Wenyao Wang,Ting Wu,Bin Xie,Xin Yan,Weiliang Dong,Jie Zhou,Min Jiang
The bio-recyclability of polylactic acid (PLA) is hampered by deficient capacity and low yields of the depolymerases. Whether native production in original isolate Laceyella sacchari LP175 or preparation using Escherichia coli system, the poly( l -lactide) (PLLA) depolymerase, Ls PLAase was restricted for industrial applications by complex downstream purification and limited protein yields. Herein, based on secretory expression system in Bacillus subtilis , purification-free Ls PLAase without solubility tags was obtained, following fermentation optimization, directed evolution, combinatorial mutation, and high-density fermentation, a superior variant, Ls PLAase IWFI (A13I/S136W/S138F/W141I) with boosted performance, achieving protein yield up to 3.21 g/L and enzymatic activity of 6.7 U/mL in 5-L bioreactors, with significant improvement relative to the wild-type (0.9 g/L, 2.4 U/mL) and E. coli system (0.01 g/L, 0.18 U/mL). The prominent variant outperforming ProteinK with superior depolymerization performance toward diverse PLA materials, represented 70% increase in conversion efficiency compared to the wild-type. In all, this study providing a scalable solution for industrial PLA waste recycling to enable circularity.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2019
·
IF 4.527
Haiyan Yu,Haoyu Sun,Chunsheng Yin,Zhifen Lin
More and more antibacterial agents are used together to treat bacterial infections in diverse fields, but the overuse of antibacterial agents may cause the environmental pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In order to reduce the use of antimicrobial agents, the potential joint effects of quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) and traditional antimicrobial agents have been proposed to be effective. In this study, the joint effects of traditional antimicrobial agents, represented by sulfonamides (SAs) and silver antibacterial agents (silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and nanosilver (AgNP, 5 nm)), and five potential QSIs, were investigated using B. subtilis. It was found that AgNP showed higher toxicity than AgNO 3 , whereas the joint effects on B. subtilis showed no difference between AgNO 3 and AgNP when they combined with SAs or QSIs, respectively. In general, AgNO 3 and AgNP presented synergetic and additive effects with QSIs, but additive and antagonistic effects with SAs; SAs exhibited synergetic, additive and antagonistic effects with different QSIs whether in binary or ternary mixed system. Moreover, it was found that the use of antimicrobials was reduced and the synergistic combined toxicity of antimicrobial agents on B. subtilis was increased through the addition of the QSIs. This study can offer a valuable reference for the combined medication of the different antimicrobial agents, which will benefit the environmental and human health.
研究领域:
微生物学
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环境科学
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药理学
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2014
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IF 5.825
Yuhua Hu,Xueqin Xu,Qionghua Liu,Ling Wang,Zhenyu Lin,Guonan Chen
A simple, ultrasensitive, and specific electrochemical biosensor was designed to determine the given DNA sequence of Bacillus subtilis by coupling target-induced strand displacement and nicking endonuclease signal amplification. The target DNA (TD, the DNA sequence from the hypervarient region of 16S rDNA of Bacillus subtilis) could be detected by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in a range from 0.1 fM to 20 fM with the detection limit down to 0.08 fM at the 3sblank level. This electrochemical biosensor exhibits high distinction ability to single-base mismatch, double-bases mismatch, and noncomplementary DNA sequence, which may be expected to detect single-base mismatch and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Moreover, the applicability of the designed biosensor for detecting the given DNA sequence from Bacillus subtilis was investigated. The result obtained by electrochemical method is approximately consistent with that by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detecting system (QPCR) with SYBR Green.
研究领域:
生物化学
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电化学
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分子生物学
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分析化学
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PubMed
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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 3.7
Xilin Huang,Xuli Gao,Junbao Huang,Yani Luo,Wei Tao,Mingyu Guo,Yongyuan Liu,Jing Wu,Yu Chen,Yan Liu
A recombinant strain (BS168-Δ bdhA ) that increased co-production of MK-7 and NK was constructed by knocking out the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene ( bdhA ) of Bacillus subtilis 168 to reduce the carbon spillover. The results showed that the 2,3- butanediol content in the recombinant strain was reduced by 64% to 2.76 g/L. The recombinant strain had an MK-7 production of 30.6 mg/L and an NK activity of 6.5 FU/mL. RNA-Seq analysis showed that: bdhA knockdown blocked the carbon flux of 2,3-butanediol and promoted glycerol uptake, and the carbon flux flowed more to the MK-7 and NK synthesis pathways. The negative regulator of NK, codY , was down-regulated by 2.19-fold. secA , which is responsible for the energy supply of transmembrane proteins, was down-regulated by 0.37-fold, the Tat secretion pathway was up-regulated by 2.8-fold and 0.5-fold for tatAD and tatC , respectively. This study revealed the mechanism of co-production of MK-7 and NK in recombinant strains for the first time and revealed potential molecular targets to promote the co-production of MK-7 and NK, which will provide a new strategy for metabolic engineering to increase the production of MK-7 and NK.
研究领域:
微生物学
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分子生物学
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代谢工程
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PLANT AND SOIL
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2026
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IF 4.8
Chen Ji,Wang Yazhuo,Fan Zhongdi,Wang Conghu,Zhang Zihan,Liu Yuting,He Yanhui,Wu Zhansheng
Introduction Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize the rhizosphere and enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and soil properties. To better harness these benefits, this study investigates the synergistic interaction between two PGPR strains— Bacillus subtilis SL-44 and Klebsiella oxytoca RS-5—and evaluates their combined effects on rapeseed growth through integrated direct and indirect mechanisms. Methods The plant growth-promoting traits (e.g., phosphate solubilization, siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production) and biofilm-forming capacity of individual strains and their consortium were characterized in vitro. Subsequently, pot experiments were conducted to evaluate their effects on rapeseed growth parameters and rhizosphere soil quality. Finally, the rhizosphere microbial communities were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Results The co-culture consortium (SR) demonstrated synergistic enhancements in key plant growth-promoting traits and biofilm stability in vitro. Pot experiments confirmed that SR treatment most effectively promoted rapeseed biomass accumulation, improved physiological status, and elevated antioxidant capacity. It also optimally enhanced rhizosphere soil nutrient availability, enzyme activities, and selectively reshaped the microbial community by enriching beneficial taxa and increasing ecological network complexity. Ultimately, plant growth promotion was achieved through an integrated mechanism combining direct stimulation and microbiome-mediated soil improvement. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrates that functional complementarity between PGPR strains drives synergistic growth promotion through combined direct stimulation and rhizosphere microbiome engineering, offering a framework for developing effective microbial consortia for sustainable agriculture. Graphical
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 6.2
Ranran Ma,Weiwei Peng,Yanli Xie,Nazish Muzaffar,Weibin Ma,Yuhui Yang,Qian Li,Hang Jia
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic and prevalent mycotoxin in food and feed, and its hydroxylated metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), common in dairy products, pose serious health risks. Effective degradation of these toxins is thus a key goal in food safety. In this study, Bacillus subtilis HNGD-Mq02 was isolated and assessed for its ability to degrade AFB1 and AFM1. Under optimal conditions (50 °C, pH 7), the fermentation broth achieved 94.06 and 98.26% degradation, respectively. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis confirmed that both mycotoxins were converted into less-toxic compounds. Zebrafish assays and Ames tests further verified the reduced toxicity of the degradation products. In practical application, the strain reduced AFB1 by 72.90% in corn flour and AFM1 by 42.25% in milk powder. Fermentation also led to partial improvements in nutritional quality. These results highlight the potential of B. subtilis HNGD-Mq02 for enhancing the safety and value of food and feed products.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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毒理学
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生物技术
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分析化学
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2017
·Vol. 92
·期 9
·2477-2487
·
IF 3.135
Niyomukiza Samuel,Teng Bao,Xian Zhang,Taowei Yang,Meijuan Xu,Xin Li,Irene Komera,Tuyishime Philibert,Zhiming Rao
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has a wide range of applications in chiral molecular synthesis, biofuel additives, and in food flavor additive manufacturing. Fermentation is a favorable method for 2,3-BD production. However, it requires much time and produces several NADH related byproducts which compete with 2,3-BD production. Bacillus subtilis has an excellent ability for 2,3-BD production by biocatalysis. However, its production is limited by low intracellular NADH and the reversible property of acetoin reductase (AR/2,3-BDH). The whole cell biocatalyst process with two different NADH regeneration systems was designed for efficient production of 2,3-BD in B. subtilis 168. RESULTS Formate dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for NADH regeneration were successfully co-expressed with acetoin reductase in B. subtilis 168. After optimization of biocatalyst bioconversion conditions, B. subtilis 168/pMA5- bdhA-Hpa II- fdh yielded 74.5 g L −1 of 2, 3-BD with 9.3 g L −1 h −1 productivity by fed batch and 115.4 g of 2,3-BD was achieved using same batch bacterium by three repeated batch bioconversions. On the other hand, 63.7 g L −1 of 2, 3-BD was produced with 7.92 g L −1 h −1 productivity by B. subtilis 168/pMA5- bdhA-Hpa II- gdh . To our knowledge, the volume productivity obtained here is the highest ever reported for biocatalysis. CONCLUSION A higher productivity of 2,3-BD from acetoin was achieved by whole cell biocatalysis with NADH regeneration systems in B. subtilis 168. This approach can be applied for NADH related bio-based chemicals production to improve titer, yield and productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
生物化学
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微生物学
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代谢工程
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2018
·
IF 4.005
Yu-Hong Huang,Xue-Jing Huang,Xiao-Hong Chen,Quan-Ying Cai,Shaohua Chen,Ce-Hui Mo,Huixiong Lü,Ming-Hung Wong
Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a widely used plasticizer , recalcitrant and hazardous organic compound with high detection frequencies and concentrations in water and soil that pose a great threat to human health. A novel endphytic bacterium strain N-1 capable of efficiently degrading DBP and utilizing it as sole carbon source was isolated from Ageratum conyzoides. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on its morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Under the optimal culture conditions (pH 7.0, 30 °C), degradation percentage of DBP (12.5–100 mg/L) was up to 95% within five days, and its biodegradation half-life was less than 7.23 h. Degradation percentage of high DBP concentration (200 mg/L) was relatively lower (89%) with half-life of 56.8 h. DBP was degraded by Bacillus subtilis N-1 into mono-butyl phthalate and phthalic acid as evidenced by GC-MS analysis. Bioaugmentation of Youngia japonica plant slurry with strain N-1 greatly accelerated DBP dissipation with 97.5% removal percentage (higher by 47% than non-inoculation). The results highlighted that strain N-1 has great potential for bioremediation by plant-endophyte partnerships and for lowering PAE accumulation in crops.
研究领域:
环境科学
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微生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 76
·期 1
·24
·
IF 5.1
He Jing,Sai Na,Cao Yang,Zhang Ying,Qi Xiao,Shi Ruiwen,Han Fengyu,Meng Lingjiang,Yu Xiuling,Zhang Yue,Zhao Jing,Gao Jianxia,Shen Jian,Guan Haibin
Objective To investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis GYH20240327-1, isolated from traditional fermented yogurt, on the rhizosphere microbiomics and metabolomics of Platycodon grandiflorus and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods The Bacillus subtilis strain was isolated from yogurt, applied to fertilizer, and used in the planting field. By measuring four apparent plant growth indicators, high-throughput sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS), and LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis of related rhizosphere soil samples, we preliminarily explored and compared the effects of Bacillus subtilis -containing fertilizer on the growth and development, microbial communities, and metabolite profiles of two medicinal plants. Results The results show that fertilization treatment has a certain growth-promoting effect on Platycodon grandiflorus and Scutellaria baicalensis during the critical three-month period from flowering to harvest, and it also reshapes their rhizosphere microbial communities. In Platycodon grandiflorus soil, the abundances of Acidobacteriota and Gemmatimonadota increased, while Proteobacteria decreased. In Scutellaria baicalensis soil, Basidiomycota increased, whereas Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota decreased. Metabolomics revealed significant enrichment in pathways for plant hormone biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, and vitamin B6 metabolism. Conclusion Bacillus subtilis GYH20240327-1 can effectively promote the growth and development of the rhizosphere of medicinal plants, alter the soil microbial community structure, and affect the composition of plant metabolites, showing its potential as a biofertilizer to improve cultivation efficiency.
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BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 25
·期 1
·1613
·
IF 4.8
Ghanaim Amira M.,Mahmoud Ghada A.,Mohamed Heba I.,Hanafy Rania S.,Zaki Laila M.,Mahmoud Mohamed,Mogazy Asmaa M.
Background Plant viral infections threaten global food security and cause major crop losses. This study investigates the antiviral effects of biosynthesized Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) with Bacillus subtilis 1211 EMCCN against potato virus Y (PVY) and their influence on tomato growth and yield. Results Scanning electron microscopy showed clusters of crystals on ChNPs, while transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical, ranging from 12 to 198 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carbon, oxygen, sodium, and phosphorus, and Fourier-transform infrared analysis identified typical chitosan functional groups, including hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine. Tomato leaves were treated with ChNPs, B. subtilis , or both to evaluate their effectiveness against PVY. The treated plants exhibited a marked reduction in both disease severity and PVY concentration compared to the untreated controls. By 28 days post-inoculation, infectivity decreased to 46.7% in plants treated with Bacillus subtilis, 33.3% with ChNPs, and reached the lowest level of 20% in the combined treatment. The combined priming strategy significantly enhanced plant growth attributes, with increases in shoot length (95.0%), root length (47.0%), leaf area (668.1%), plant height (30.7%), shoot and root fresh weight (370.0% and 162.9%), and shoot and root dry weight (562.7% and 127.7%). Biochemical and physiological analyses revealed substantial increases in total pigments (268.4%), flavonoids (112.2%), phenols (59.4%), α-tocopherol (92.1%), ascorbic acid (30.1%), anthocyanins (71.3%), peroxidase (51.9%), catalase (39.6%), polyphenol oxidase (73.6%), amino acids (119.9%), proline (93.3%), soluble sugars (128.0%), and proteins (614.0%) in shoots. Yield components, including carotenoids and anthocyanins, were also significantly enhanced. Importantly, oxidative stress indicators were markedly reduced, with malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels decreasing by 76.8% and 72.6%, respectively, in treated plants compared to infected plants. Conclusion These findings suggest that combination between ChNPs and B. subtilis offers an eco-friendly method to enhance tomato yield and effectively manage viral diseases by activating the plants' defense mechanisms.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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纳米生物技术
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农业病毒学
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作物保护
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胁迫生理学
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可持续农业
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PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）