Manufacturing Carbon-Doped Stamp With Surface Microstructures for Rapid and Reliable Micro-LED Transfer Process
The laser-assisted micro-transfer printing (Laser-assisted
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Fast-cured UV-LED polymer materials filled with high mineral contents as wear-resistant, antibacterial coatings
Development of ultraviolet (UV) curing technique has greatly expanded the preparation and application of polymer composite coatings due to its unique characteristics of high efficiency curing and controllable operation. However, the inevitable hazards of high pressure mercury lamps , as well as difficulty resulting from large amount of heat release when coating products, greatly limit the practical application and development of such curing coatings. Herein, a series of novel controllable, fast-cured coatings filled with high mineral contents were successfully designed and synthesized based on progressive ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) technology with ultra-low energy consumption. Due to the addition of a large number of opaque mineral particles, a new polymerization mechanism for the system was proposed and verified. Inorganic particle fillers (μm-level) can produce various degrees of reflective or refractive points, thus effectively reducing the barrier effect of the filling particles and realizing a much deeper solidification. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were then combined with this composite material to fabricate a long-term antibacterial interior wall base-coating without interference with the curing effects. More importantly, the various effects of reactants of polymeric composite coatings with high inorganic mineral content for such UV-LED curing systems (365 nm) were brought to as comprehensive a conclusion as possible. This coating remained stable over a 15-week period against bacteria with the bactericidal coefficient of approximately 99.5% for E. coli and about 97% for S. aureus . We believe that proposed applicable polymerization mechanism will greatly enrich the current UV polymerization system, especially for polymer composite material with high mineral contents, and our designed wear resistance, high-hardness, and long-term antibacterial coating will also have great application prospects in many practical fields.
Tunable Spectral Emission from 0D Rb3ZnBr5 Crystals for Single-Component Multi-Color LED Applications
The development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective luminescent materials is crucial for advancing lighting and display technologies. In this study, a series of tunable luminescent materials based on the novel 0D all-inorganic perovskite (AIP) crystal Rb₃ZnBr₅ (RZB) is obtained. The emission of Sn 2 ⁺ doped RZB spans the entire visible light range and extends into the near-infrared (NIR) region, achieving a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 75%. The distinct lifetimes combined with theoretical calculations, indicate that the broadband dual-peak emissions at 496 and 636 nm originate from the singlet and triplet states of Sn 2 ⁺, respectively, which is rarely observed in Sn 2 ⁺-doped perovskite crystals. The phosphor RZB:Sn 2 ⁺ demonstrates the high thermal stability, along with excellent moisture and air stability. Co-doping RZB with Sn 2 ⁺ and Mn 2 ⁺ broadens the excitation spectrum and allows precise control over the excitation wavelength, facilitating dynamic transitions from warm white to yellow and green light. This feature is particularly beneficial for multicolor LEDs and multi-level anti-counterfeiting applications.
Intense enhancement of yellow luminescent carbon dots coupled with gold nanoparticles toward white LED
A novel gold-carbon dots (GCDs) exhibiting relatively high luminescence have been successfully synthesized by a facile solution cast method. Intriguingly, colloidal Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) present an enhancement effect on the photoluminescence of CDs, which can be attributed to the metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) included two cooperative mechanisms and near-field interactions. Significantly, the 1.5–3 fold enhancement was obtained in the vicinity of Au NPs. The formation mechanism and chemical structure of the as-prepared GCDs were verified by a series of characterization techniques, such as high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The GCDs with optimal fluorescence was acquired by varying volume ratio of colloidal Au NPs to CDs, rendering bright visible light under 460 nm excitation and high quantum yield (QY) of 39%. Given that, a simple spin coating technology was developed for fabricating GCDs film composed of GCDs solution and quartz glass. Subsequently, GCDs-based white light emitting diodes (white LED) was designed through integrating blue LED chips with the yellow light-emitting GCDs film. In addition, the GCDs film at appropriate thickness possesses excellent optical performances with the corresponding optimized color coordinate (CIE) of (0.33, 0.36), the color rendering index (CRI) of 78.2, correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5653 K, and the luminous efficiency (LE) approaching to 43.75 lm W −1 . These superior results demonstrate that GCDs constitute a versatile and effective route for achieving high-performance white LED.
Broadband near-infrared double-perovskite phosphor Sr2ScTaO6:Cr3+, Yb3+ for NIR pc-LED applications
The broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphor converted light emitting diode (NIR pc-LED) has garnered unprecedented attention due to its crucial role in NIR applications. However, there remains a scarcity of efficient broadband NIR luminescence materials capable of emitting NIR light with wavelengths greater than 800 nm. This study reports the synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties for double perovskite Sr 2 ScTaO 6 :Cr 3+ phosphors which exhibit a broadband NIR emission in the 650–1250 nm range, peaking at∼815 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 161 nm. The observed broadband emission arises from two distinct Cr 3+ centers, namely Sc 3+ and Ta 5+ octahedral sites within the Sr 2 ScTaO 6 structure, as demonstrated by luminescence and decay kinetic analysis. A significant enhancement of the thermal stability and a remarkable broadening of the FWHM (from 161 to 275 nm) are achieved by employing Yb 3+ co-doping strategy. The efficient energy transfer from Cr 3+ to Yb 3+ was confirmed through emission and excitation spectra, as well as luminescence decay measurements. Finally, Sr 2 ScTaO 6 :Cr 3+ -Yb 3+ phosphor was integrated with a 470 nm blue LED chip to fabricate a NIR pc-LED device, and its potential application in night vision was evaluated.
Efficient Benzodioxole-based unimolecular photoinitiators: From synthesis to photopolymerization under UV-A and visible LED light irradiation
The narrow emission spectra of light emitting diodides (LED) as irradiation source has brought great challenge for the development of efficient photoinitiators sensitive to LED light. This paper described a series of novel unimolecular type II photoinitiators, containing thioxanthones as chromophores and benzodioxoles as coinitiators. The structures of the photoinitiators were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometer. Study on the photophysical properties of the photoinitiators indicated that electron donors/acceptors as spacers between thioxanthone and benzodioxole affected both the UV–Vis absorption and the fluorescence emission. The long wavelength absorptions from 385 nm to 402 nm as well as low fluorescence quantum yields make the investigated benzodioxole derivatives quite attractive as efficient photoinitiators under UV-A and visible LED light irradiation. With a proper molecular design, the unimolecular photoinitiator exhibited higher initiation efficiency than the thioxanthone derivatives from the literature. Possible initiation mechanism was also proposed based on the photolysis study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43239.
Energy transfer, colour tuneable emissions and LED application of solid solution phosphors K2Y1-x-yTbxEuyZr(PO4)3
Development of multi-colour emitting phosphors for applications in LED is always a hot topic in rencent years. Herein, we prepared solid solutions K 2 Y 1- x - y Tb x Eu y Zr(PO 4 ) 3 and studied their luminescent properties. Both Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ emission peaks can be generated by using characteristic exciting wavelength of Tb 3+ (378 nm) due to the Tb 3+ →Eu 3+ energy transfer. By simply changing the relative proportions of Tb 3+ /Eu 3+ , the emitting color of phosphors K 2 Tb 1- y Eu y Zr(PO 4 ) 3 changes from green ( y = 0), through yellow ( y = 0.005) to red ( y = 0.08). Thermostability study showed that at 150 °C, the integral intensity is 57% of that at 25 °C, suggesting a good thermostability. Finally, we fabricated three LED lamps by using a 365 nm chip with y = 0, 0.005, 0.08 phosphors, and green, yellow and red light can be observed.
Highly efficient removal of DEET by UV-LED irradiation in the presence of iron-containing coagulant
N,N-Diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide (DEET) has been detected as an emerging pollutant in various water bodies because of its widespread use as an insect repellent. In this study, the combination of UV-LED 275 and iron-containing coagulant (FeCl 3 ) was used for the elimination of DEET in water. It was found that UV-LED 275 /FeCl 3 (98 %) system presented a favorable removal of DEET compared with UV 254 /FeCl 3 (59 %) and UV-LED 275 /Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (81 %) processes at initial pH 3.5. DEET degradation by both UV-LED 275 /FeCl 3 and UV-LED 275 /Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 processes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the calculated pseudo-first-order rate constants ( k obs ) of 0.0105 and 0.0046 cm 2 mJ −1 , respectively. The results of ESR analysis and radicals quenching experiments indicated that hydroxyl radicals ( OH) and superoxide radicals (O 2 − ) were responsible for DEET degradation in UV-LED 275 /FeCl 3 process, and the former played the major role. An increase in FeCl 3 dosage was beneficial to the degradation. In the UV-LED 275 /FeCl 3 process, DEET degradation increased with a decrease in pH from 3.5 to 3.0, whereas it was almost completely suppressed with an increase in pH from 4.3 to 6.3. DEET degradation was almost unchanged after the introduction of NO 3 − , and it impeded after the addition of humic acid (HA), HCO 3 − , and SO 4 2− . The plausible degradation pathway mainly involved hydroxylation, cleavage of the C–N bond, acetylation , and dealkylation. Among the disinfection by-products (DBPs) evaluated, UV-LED 275 /FeCl 3 pretreatment generally increased the generation of trichloromethane, chloral hydrate, dichloroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid, which implied that further assessment of environmental risk was needed during its practical applications.
Efficient deep-red-emitting CaMg2La2W2O12:Mn4+, Nd3+ phosphor toward indoor plant cultivation LED lighting
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of efficient deep-red-emitting CaMg 2 La 2 W 2 O 12 :Mn 4+ , Nd 3+ (CMLW:Mn 4+ , Nd 3+ ) phosphors for application in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) designed for indoor plant cultivation. The phosphors were prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction and exhibited an orthorhombic structure with optimal luminescence properties at Mn 4+ (0.90 %) and Nd 3+ (0.60 %) doping concentrations. The enhanced performance of CMLW:0.90 %Mn 4+ , 0.60 %Nd 3+ over its Nd 3+ -free counterpart originates from three synergistic mechanisms: (1) Nd 3+ substitution for larger La 3+ induces lattice shrinkage, shortening the Mn 4+ -O 2- bond length and enhancing the crystal-field strength, thereby increasing the radiative transition probability of 2 E g → 4 A 2g emission at 708 nm; (2) Nd 3+ co-doping suppresses concentration quenching by increasing the critical distance between Mn 4+ ions, as evidenced by prolonged lifetime and higher optimal Mn 4+ concentration; (3) The optimal Nd 3+ concentration improves lattice rigidity while avoiding defect formation observed at higher doping levels. The resulting phosphor demonstrates intense deep-red emission matching the phytochrome P FR absorption band, excellent thermal stability (73.66 % intensity at 453 K), and a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 86.80 %. A prototype LED device exhibits stable deep-red emission and a luminous efficacy of 0.10 lm/W under 365 nm excitation. These results position CMLW:Mn 4+ , Nd 3+ phosphor as a promising candidate for indoor plant cultivation LEDs.
A durable heterogeneous catalyst for photoinduced controlled radical polymerization under white LED light irradiation in an aqueous solution
Photo-induced controlled radical polymerization (CRP) mediated by heterogeneous catalysts provides excellent spatiotemporal control and has been widely studied in view of green chemistry and potential biomedical applications. In this paper, an ionic heterogeneous catalyst (TD-I) was synthesised in a facile manner under mild conditions for inducing the reversible complexation-mediated polymerization (RCMP) of poly (polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) in an aqueous solution under white LED light irradiation. The obtained PPEGMA has a controllable molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. The spatio-temporal control of the catalytic system and the high chain end fidelity of the polymer have been successfully verified by on-off light experiments and chain expansion experiments. The activity and efficiency of TD-I remained essentially unchanged after being used for three cycles. Such a heterogeneous photocatalyst which can be easily separated and efficiently reused is promising for industrial applications.
Tunable broadband near-infrared luminescence from Cr3+-doped gallium oxide-based phosphors for advanced sensing and LED applications
Near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) highly demand broadband NIR phosphors for applications in food safety and smart detection. However, the lack of tunable NIR luminescent materials limits their development. Herein, we constructed a series of NIR Cr3+ doped Ga2O3-based materials with broadband, tunable, efficient emissions by utilizing [Zn2+–Ge4+] and [Ga3+–Ga3+] co-unit substitution. The obtained results show that the emission peak of NIR phosphors can be modulated from 713 to 765 nm. Meanwhile, the excitation peak remains in the blue light region. NIR phosphor-converted devices were prepared with 450 nm LED chips, which were studied using NIR imaging, penetration imaging, anti-counterfeiting, and pupil recognition technologies. Interestingly, NIR mechanoluminescence (ML) was realized based on the developed phosphors, which were successfully applied for non-destructive measurements of solids and in vivo bioimaging. Our study proposes a series of tunable and broadband luminescent materials and devices for NIR applications.
Thioxanthone dicarboxamide derivatives as one-component photoinitiators for near-UV and visible LED (365–405 nm) induced photopolymerizations
A series of thioxanthone dicarboxamide derivatives (TX-DCAs) containing hydrogen donors as one-component photoinitiators (PIs) have been prepared. In particular, the photoreactivity of these PIs was remarkably improved due to the covalent binding of the N-phthalimido derivative and type II chromophore thioxanthone. These derivatives exhibit interesting shifted absorption so that they can be utilized as versatile PIs upon exposure to various violet and visible LEDs (365 nm, 385 nm, 395 nm and 405 nm), and can efficiently actuate the free radical photopolymerization of acrylates.
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