JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 5.2
Xiumei Liu,Zi Yan,Jing Li,Hong Zou,Haoyue Zhong,Peixin Lee,Yaqi Lyu,Nianping Feng
First study of LB-Exos in modulating ocular disease. • LB-Exos present as natural, multi-target nanotherapeutics for diabetic retinopathy. • LB-Exos protect against oxidative stress, restore blood-retinal barrier integrity. • LB-Exos downregulate the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 axis. • LB-Exos exhibit synergistic effect with standard anti-VEGF therapy. The growing interest in plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as nanotherapeutics has positioned Lycium barbarum L. EVs (LB-Exos) as a promising candidate for treating diabetic retinopathy (DR), a condition characterized by pathological angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction. This study investigates the multifaceted therapeutic effects of LB-Exos, isolated from fresh goji berries and characterized for their bioactive metabolite cargo. In vitro, LB-Exos protected ARPE-19 cells from apoptosis by modulating the MAPK pathway and the Bcl-2/BAX/caspase-3 axis. In HUVECs, LB-Exos suppressed angiogenesis by downregulating the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 axis and ANGPT2, showing synergistic effects with the standard therapy of bevacizumab (BVZ). These mechanisms were validated in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, where LB-Exos treatment alleviated retinal pathology, reduced neovascularization, and restored BRB integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins. Our study establishes LB-Exos as a novel, natural nanoplatform that concurrently targets multiple pathological pathways in DR. This work elucidates the multifaceted therapeutic potential of PDEVs in ophthalmology and highlights their complementary mechanism to enhance current anti-VEGF therapy. Download: Download high-res image (321KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
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2026
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IF 5.4
Shuai Zhao,Zhenyao Tan,Jiaxin Suo,Yang Bu
Introduction Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) promotes CRLM. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), bioactive metabolites of the traditional medicinal plant Lycium barbarum L, inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer and NAFLD by regulating gut microbiota composition. However, their roles in preventing CRLM under NAFLD conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of LBPs on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer in the context of NAFLD and explore its potential mechanisms. Methods An NAFLD mouse model was established, followed by prophylactic oral administration of LBPs by gavage for 28 days before splenic injection of MC38 colorectal cancer cells to establish liver metastasis. Pseudo-germ-free mice combined with fecal microbiota transplantation were constructed to explore the role of the gut microbiota in the preventive effect of LBPs on CRLM. Gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between bacterial genera and liver lipid metabolism indicators. Serum non-targeted metabolomic profiling and transcriptomic analysis of CRLM cells were performed to elucidate metabolic and molecular mechanisms. Results Under NAFLD conditions, LBPs markedly reduced hepatic metastatic burden, liver weight, and liver-to-body weight ratio. LBPs ameliorated hepatic lipid metabolism and restored colonic barrier integrity in NAFLD mice. The gut microbiota was identified as a critical mediator of LBPs-induced protection against CRLM, and depletion of the microbiota completely abrogated the anti-metastatic effects of LBPs. LBPs enhanced microbial diversity and richness, enriched of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial genera, such as Cryptobacteroides, Evtepia, and Bacteroides -H, and elevated colonic butyrate levels. Metabolomic profiling revealed reduced serum acylcarnitines and increased organic acids. Transcriptomic profiling showed upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 21, activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and promotion of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells, while LBPs reverse these changes. Discussion LBPs prevent CRLM associated with NAFLD by modulating the gut microbiota, enhancing butyrate production, improving hepatic metabolic homeostasis, and suppressing prometastatic signaling pathways. These findings highlight LBPs as promising preventive agents against CRLM in the setting of metabolic liver disease.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
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2025
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IF 2.9
Pengyun Qiao,Le Li,Zilong Li,Feifan Sun,Fa Ren
Sperm damage resulting from exposure to environmental toxicants or elevated temperatures frequently involves overlapping mechanisms, most notably the induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a bioactive dietary component, mitigates decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)-induced human sperm toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exposure to environmentally relevant levels of BDE-209 (40-80 μmol/L) significantly impaired sperm quality, as evidenced by reduced motility, compromised membrane and acrosome integrity, and increased DNA fragmentation when compared to the control group at 37 °C. Mechanistically, exposure to BDE-209 induces mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reduced ATP production. This is evidenced by increased activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9, elevated levels of BAX, and decreased expression of BCL-2. LBP intervention (100 μg/mL) effectively scavenged ROS, restored mitochondrial potential, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, alongside decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, LBP suppressed apoptotic pathways and enhanced sperm-zona pellucida binding after BDE-209 exposure. A proposed mechanism summarizing this protective pathway is presented in the Graphical . As a naturally occurring polysaccharide that protects against oxidative stress in sperm, LBP could represent a promising candidate for dietary interventions in populations exposed to elevated levels of BDE-209. This warrants further investigation in in vivo models.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
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IF 8.2
Qianni Chen,Jiaqi Fan,Lianzhu Lin,Mouming Zhao
The combination of polysaccharides is an effective way to develop prebiotics with stable performance during processing and digestion for human wellness. However, there is little information on optimal screening and complementary regulation of compound polysaccharides. This study aimed to optimally select a combination of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide (LBP) and Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJP) as a highly efficient prebiotic to regulate the gut probiotics and their metabolites. Two LBPs characterized as rhamnogalacturonan I enriched pectins and two LJPs characterized as fucoidans were obtained by enzyme-assisted acid extraction at moderate and dramatic temperatures and combined in pairs to obtain 4 groups containing 4 proportional combinations. All combinations showed better prebiotic effects than individual LJP. The combination of LBP and LJP extracted at 50 °C at a ratio of 4:1 exhibited the strongest prebiotic effect. The optimal compound polysaccharide achieved superior effect and complementary function via LBP-targeted proliferation of Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Bacteroides and production of SCFAs and non-SCFA health-associated metabolites, LJP-targeted accumulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and corresponding metabolites, as well as synergistic effect of LJP and LBP at exact proportion. Our study provided theoretical and methodological guidance for optimal screening of compound polysaccharides as new prebiotics.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2018
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IF 3.909
Yu Ding,Yamei Yan,Yujia Peng,Dan Chen,Jia Mi,Lu Lu,Qing Luo,Xiaoying Li,Xiaoxiong Zeng,Youlong Cao
In the present study, the digestion under simulated saliva, gastric and small intestinal conditions and in vitro fermentation by human gut microbiota of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPS) were investigated. As a result, LBPS contained carbohydrates, uronic acids, protein and polyphenols of 60.96 ± 5.58, 20.98 ± 2.49, 5.30 ± 0.12 and 1.04 ± 0.06%, respectively. Furthermore, LBPS was mainly consisted of glucuronic acid (5.12 mol%), galacturonic acid (12.40 mol%), glucose (2.15 mol%), galactose (39.67 mol%) and arabinose (40.66 mol%). Under simulated saliva, gastric and small intestinal conditions, LBPS was not affected. Whereas, LBPS could be utilized by gut microbiota based on the consumption of monosaccharides, decreased molecular weight and lower content of total carbohydrates after fermentation in vitro . With the proceeding of fermentation, LBPS significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids. Meanwhile, LBPS could alter the microbial community after 24 h fermentation, especially enhancing the relative abundances of genera Bacteroides , Bifidobacterium , Phascolarctobacterium , Clostridium XlVb , Prevotella and Collinsella. All the results suggested that LBPS could be developed as special ingredients for modulating gut microbiota composition and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium .
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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2025
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IF 3.3
Cao Qingqing,Li Xiaoxue,Zhang Qian,Liu Guishan
This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of different concentrations of Lycium barbarum leaf flavonoids (LBLF) (0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1%) on the reduction of warmed-over flavor (WOF). The odor distribution of bowl-steamed Tan lamb was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The degree of protein and lipid oxidation was evaluated through physicochemical indicators. According to the analysis of flavor indicators, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, octanal and nonanal were identified as WOF during the storage period. The peroxide value (meq/kg fat) exhibited a significant increase ( P < 0.05) from 0.99 to 5.77 during both the before refrigeration (BR) and microwave reheating (MR) stages. Notably, during the BR stage, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of bowl-steamed Tan lamb samples treated with antioxidants were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) compared to those of the control group. The results of the oxidation index measurements revealed that WOF production was due to the predominance of lipid oxidation, with a significant positive correlation between WOF and lipid oxidation products and a weaker correlation with protein oxidation. Moreover, when the LBLF concentration reached 0.1%, WOF was significantly inhibited. Additionally, LBLF contributed the characteristic flavor of bowl-steamed Tan lamb, including floral and herbal notes derived from terpenes and esters. In conclusion, LBLF mitigated WOF in bowl-steamed Tan lamb by inhibiting the formation of WOF precursors while masking residual off-flavors with its characteristic floral-herbal aroma profile.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Baojie Zhu,Wenxia Zhang,Shaoping Li,Jing Zhao
The polysaccharides from L. barbarum L. fruits (LBPs) are a kind of complex polysaccharides, which mainly contribute to the bioactivity of L. barbarum L. fruits and riches in acidic polysaccharides fractions. And the pharmacological research showed that the immunomodulatory effect of LBPs was closely related to α -1,4-D-galactosiduronic linkages. Therefore, as one of the main active polysaccharide fractions in LBPs, acidic polysaccharides fraction should also be used for the quality control of L. barbarum L. fruits. In this study, a novel quantitative evaluation strategy of polysaccharides from L. barbarum L. fruits based on simultaneous quantification of total polysaccharides and polysaccharides with active structure characteristics was proposed to improve their performance in the medicinal and functional food area more comprehensively and effectively, and beneficial to improve the quality control of L. barbarum L. fruits. The content of total polysaccharides in L. barbarum L. fruits was determined by HPSEC-RID method combined with universal dn / dc (0.15 mL·g −1 ). Additionally, HPAEC-PAD method combined with pectinase hydrolysis and m-hydroxybiphenyl colorimetric method were developed for the determination of acidic polysaccharide components related to active structural characteristics in L. barbarum fruits. The results revealed that the trends of total polysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides in L. barbarum L. fruits did not entirely coincide, further emphasizing the necessity of simultaneously quantifying both fractions for quality control. Furthermore, the m-hydroxybiphenyl method can be used as an alternative method to determine the content of acidic polysaccharides by HPAEC-PAD combined with pectinase hydrolysis.
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EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
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2025
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IF 2.7
Yarong Yan,Shulei Xing,Jinghua Liu,Xinlin Yan,Yi Guan,Zhixin Jiang,Wei Zhang,Xuan Li
Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp), derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Lycium barbarum, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties; however, its precise role and mechanism in corneal repair following injury remain elusive. The present research investigated the mechanisms and effects of LbGp on corneal repair following alkali burn injury using in vivo mouse models of corneal alkali burn and in vitro human keratocyte fibrosis models. Corneal inflammation, opacity, and epithelial defects were assessed via a slit lamp microscope. Results showed that LbGp-treated mice exhibited reduced edema, accelerated re-epithelialization, and decreased corneal opacity compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated controls. Proteomic analysis revealed altered proteins enriched in the extracellular matrix among the control, injury, and LbGp treatment groups. Moreover, LbGp significantly attenuated TGFβ-1-induced myofibroblasts transdifferentiation from keratocytes. Consistently, LbGp treatment inhibited the upregulation of fibrosis markers (αSMA, fibronectin, and collagen III) at both the protein and mRNA levels after corneal alkali burns. LbGp also effectively suppressed the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway and neutrophil infiltration following corneal alkali burn injury. Additionally, miR-21 was upregulated in TGFβ-1-stimulated keratocytes and in the alkali-burned mouse cornea. LbGp decreased miR-21 expression, while increasing expression of its target, Smad7, thereby dampening the TGFβ/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. This research demonstrates that LbGp promotes corneal healing by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis after alkali burns, suggesting its potential as a supplementary therapy for corneal injury repair.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2022
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IF 9.231
Yuhang Hu,Xuhui Kan,Tingting Yang,Xia Fan,Wangting Zhou,Guijie Chen,Yamei Yan,Lu Lu,Jia Mi,Xiaoxiong Zeng,Youlong Cao
Chlorogenic acids are important phenolics in the fruits of wolfberry, but little attention has been paid on their glucosylated forms. In the present study, a glucosylated form of chlorogenic acid was isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. var. auranticarpum K. F. Ching (also called yellow wolfberry) and identified to be (-)-5- O -(3- O -β- d -glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)-quinic acid (5-CQA-3′βG) by high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The content of 5-CQA-3′βG in the dried fruit was determined as 0.0293 ± 0.0015% by HPLC. In addition, 5-CQA-3′βG showed a good scavenging capacity for 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylben-zothiazoline-6-sulphonate) free radicals but had a relatively low reducing power and scavenging capacity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical. Moreover, the secretion of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 as well as related mRNA expression were reduced in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells treated with 5-CQA-3′βG. This is the first report describing purification, identification and bioactivity of glucosylated CQA from yellow wolfberry.
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Food & Function
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2022
·Vol. 13
·期 9
·5416-5429
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IF 6.317
Hao Liu,Zheng Zhang,Jianpeng Li,Wei Liu,Mohamad Warda,Bo Cui,A. M. Abd El-Aty
Herein, we assessed the effects of Lycium barbarum oligosaccharides (LBO) on the intestinal microenvironment of a type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model through gut microbiome and metabolomics analysis. We set high (300 mg kg−1), medium (200 mg kg−1), and low (100 mg kg−1) doses of LBO for intervention once a day for 4 weeks. The results showed that the intervention effect of the medium-dose group was the most significant. It reduced the symptoms of hyperglycemia, inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation in the T2D mouse model. It restored the structure of damaged tissues and cells, such as the pancreas, liver, and kidneys. LBO increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Akkermansia, and maintained intestinal barrier integrity. The faecal metabolic map showed that the contents of glycogen amino acids, such as proline, serine, and leucine, increased. The contents of cholic, capric, and dodecanoic acid decreased. In summary, we may suggest that LBO can be used as a prebiotic for treating T2D.
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