COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
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2021
·Vol. 300
·期 1
·51-57
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IF 1.931
Wang Bin,Jiang Fan,Ma Xiangmei,Dong Zhehao,Liu Yixing
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is often used as an ultraviolet (UV) light capture agent to improve the UV protective ability of polymers. However, its poor affinity and photocatalytic effect on the polymer properties. To overcome these, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with superior UV-shielding properties were made via the synergistic role of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE) functionalization and then added to PVC solution, and composite films were prepared by a casting method. HRTEM, XRD, SEM, TGA, FTIR, and UV spectrophotometer were applied to study the structure, dispersion, and optical performance. The results showed that the functionalization ZnO NPs could be well dispersed in PVC. The composite films have excellent shielding ability to UV light and greatly decrease the photocatalysis efficiency. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy to make PVC nanocomposites with superior UV resistance, which may expand its application range in packaging and fiber/textile fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2020
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·913
·
IF 3.426
Qiaoguang Li,Xugang Shu,Puyou Jia,Yonghong Zhou
The aim of this study was to develop a facile one-pot reaction for the synthesis of biomass-based hyperbranched poly(ether)s end-capped as acetate esters (BHE) for use as a sustainable, safe and feasible plasticizer for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials. BHE is completely miscible with PVC but shows weaker plasticizing effect than dioctyl phthalate (DOP) (EΔTgvalue of BHE reaches 64.8%). PVC plasticized with BHE displays greater thermal stability than that of PVC or PVC plasticized with DOP materials. BHE improves the thermal stability and flexibility of PVC materials. As a plasticizer, BHE displays lower solvent extractability and greater volatilization resistance than DOP. Acute oral toxicity indicates that BHE has toxic doses of 5 g/kg, suggesting that BHE is non-toxic.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2021
·
IF 3.171
Xiaojiang Liang,Fengjiao Wu,Qinglong Xie,Zhenyu Wu,Jinjin Cai,Congwen Zheng,Junhong Fu,Yong Nie
Biodiesel was used to prepare epoxidized fatty acid isobutyl esters (Ep-FABEs) as a biobased plasticizer in this work. Transesterification of biodiesel with isobutanol catalyzed by tetrabutyl titanate was carried out in a gas-liquid tower reactor. The conversion achieved nearly 100% within 5 h under the reaction temperature, the mass ratio of catalyst to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and isobutanol to FAMEs total molar ratio of 180 °C, 0.4 %(mass), and 5.4:1, respectively. In addition, kinetic model of the transesterification reaction was developed at 150–190 °C. The calculated activation energy was 48.93 kJ·mol −1 . Then, the epoxidation of obtained fatty acid isobutyl esters (FABEs) was conducted in the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The Ep-FABEs was further analyzed for its plasticizing effectiveness to replace dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and compared with conventional epoxy plasticizer epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters (Ep-FAMEs). The results indicated that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PVC films with Ep-FABEs plasticizer were significantly improved compared with those plasticized with DOP. In addition, the extraction resistance and migration stability of Ep-FABEs were better than those of Ep-FAMEs. Overall, the prepared Ep-FABEs via structural modification of biodiesel proved to be a promising biobased plasticizer.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
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2023
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IF 5.5
Feng Feng,Chunxiao Jin,Saisai Wang,Yuxue Yue,Da Xu,Kaixuan Zhuge,Pan Gao,Jia Zhao,Renqin Chang,Lingling Guo,Huaqing Dong
There is great potential for carbon-supported gold catalysts to replace toxic mercuric chloride-based catalysts in the acetylene hydrochlorination, which is a key process for producing PVC . However, the catalyst design is essentially hindered by the difficulties in enhancing the catalytic activity of cationic gold and suppressing the deactivation of active species. We report a strategy for self-oxidation of Au 3+ by the Au-SILP system with the [Bmim][Cl 3 ] ILs. This strategy can stabilize all gold species in the state of highly oxidized Au 3+ instead of coexisting in the Au 3+ /Au + site, which makes the catalyst exhibit excellent catalytic activity. High coordination numbers Au-Cl entities reduce the electron transfer between Au 3+ and C 2 H 2 and weaken the adsorption of C 2 H 2 on the Au active sites. Furthermore, [Bmim][Cl 3 ] ILs can self-oxidize gold nanoparticles on the support surface into Au 3+ . This study provides a new method for improving the stability and activity of gold-based acetylene hydrochlorination catalysts.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 11.3
Mingming Wang,Yurui Fan,Qinyuan Hong,Wenjun Huang,Xing Han,Zan Qu,Naiqiang Yan,Haomiao Xu
Mercury emissions from acetylene hydrochlorination processes in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production pose severe environmental risks yet remain poorly quantified due to methodological limitations in high-reactivity C2H2/HCl atmospheres. We reported an advanced operando mercury speciation platform named PVC-OHM, engineered through systematic optimization of the Ontario Hydro method (OHM), achieving simultaneous real-time detection of elemental mercury (Hg0) and divalent mercury (Hg2+) with unprecedented sensitivity (0.12 μg/m3) under industrially relevant conditions. Our mechanistic investigation reveals three dominant mercury escape pathways: (1) thermal desorption, wherein localized hotspots accelerate HgCl2 decomposition and elevate the saturated vapor pressure at carbon-mercury interface (from 0.9 to 20.3 atm), contributed to 80% of total Hg loss; (2) C2H2 driven reductive decomposition of HgCl2 catalyst at carbon–mercury interfaces, responsible for 65–78% of Hg0 emissions and (3) excess chlorine adsorption-induced desorption ([HgCl2/AC] Cl5, Eads > 0) accounting for >10% of Hg2+ emissions. Quantitative tracking demonstrates alarming mercury loss of per gram catalyst (5 wt % Hg) reached as 3.08 mg Hg0 and 9.01 mg Hg2+, directly linked to localized thermal gradients (ΔT = 250–300 °C) at reaction hotspots. This work establishes the first experimentally validated framework for mercury fate prediction in carbide-based PVC synthesis, providing actionable strategies for emission control through hotspot mitigation and coordination environment optimization.
研究领域:
环境化学
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化学工程
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催化科学
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污染控制
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工业排放
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
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2025
·Vol. 10
·期 12
·2883-2894
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IF 3.1
Ying-Ying Liu,Yang Xiao,Wenna Cai,Qingwei Li
This study evaluated the effect of incorporating a rare-earth-based fluorescent powder (REFP) on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A systematic investigation was conducted to determine the optimal loading concentration of fluorescent powder in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials, to evaluate its effect on the materials' mechanical properties and thermal stability. A rare-earth-based fluorescent powder (REFP) consisting of Eu3+-doped LaP3O9 was synthesised using a coprecipitation method. This REFP was then utilised as both a functional filler and a photothermal stabiliser. The REFP was then incorporated into the PVC matrix via thermal processing at various mass concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%). The resulting PVC composites were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Key thermal stability parameters, including thermal stability time, decomposition temperature and volatile content, were also assessed. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of REFP significantly enhanced the thermal stability of PVC. Specifically, at 3 wt% REFP, the thermal stability time increased by 16%, and the decomposition temperature reached a peak of 158.6 °C. Furthermore, the emission of HCl, a degradation by-product, was effectively suppressed. In addition to the improved thermal properties, the mechanical performance of the PVC fluorescent tubes was also markedly enhanced. At the optimal REFP content of 3 wt%, the elongation at break was 156%, the Vicat softening temperature was 83.6 °C, and the tensile strength was 52.1 MPa. Compared to pristine PVC, these values represent increases of 20%, 4.1 °C and 6.6 MPa, respectively. Overall, incorporating REFP into PVC imparts dual functionality, significantly enhancing the material's mechanical and thermal properties while enabling it to absorb ultraviolet radiation and re-emit it as visible light. This photofunctional PVC composite shows great potential for use in in situ industrial early warning systems.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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荧光材料
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热稳定性分析
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功能复合材料
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高影响因子
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
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2013
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IF 3.535
Kelei Zhuo,Yujing Wei,Jingjing Ma,Yujuan Chen,Guangyue Bai
Several alkylmethylimidazolium tetraphenylborates (C n mim-TPB, n = 2–10) were synthesized and explored as ion exchangers in plasticized PVC membranes with very attractive sensing behaviors. And then a series of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were prepared and their potentiometric properties were investigated. The proposed electrodes exhibited Nernstian responses to alkylmethylimidazolium-based ionic liquid cations [C n mim] + . These electrodes were successfully applied in the determination of thermodynamic parameters of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions and in the detection of [C n mim] + in tap water and distilled water with satisfactory results. For the as-prepared ISEs, one special and important relationship was observed between the selectivity coefficients and the length of alkyl side chains of interfering cations [C n mim] + . The proper understanding of this relationship should facilitate the development of new method for the determination of ionic liquids using ISEs.
研究领域:
分析化学
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电化学
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环境监测
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离子传感
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药物分析
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水处理
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生物传感器
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物理化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Technologies
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2026
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IF 6
Yangyi Huang,Le Jing,Haosong Zhong,Siyu Chen,Yexin Pan,Xupeng Lu,Mitch Guijun Li
Multimodal wearable sports sensors capable of simultaneously detecting both physical and biochemical signals represent a transformative approach to comprehensive physiological monitoring during exercise. However, most existing systems either focus solely on physical parameters or suffer from limited sensitivity and sensing range when targeting high-concentration biochemical markers. There remains a challenge for integrated platforms that can robustly monitor metabolic status in realistic sports scenarios. This work presents M-SportSense, an integrated wearable platform for real-time multimodal sweat analysis that combines lactate and pH sensing. The core innovation is a laser surface micromachined PVC diffusion layer that dramatically enhances lactate detection performance. By employing a 1064 nm laser to create a circular hole array on the honeycomb PVC surface, the detection range is expanded by 100 times while simultaneously increasing sensitivity by 127%. The M-SportSense integrates laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes functionalized with lactate oxidase for lactate sensing, polyaniline for pH sensing, and serpentine LIG for temperature monitoring. A three-layer microfluidic device with optimized inlet design ensures efficient sweat collection and rapid refreshing rates. On-body validation during 20-min indoor cycling demonstrates stable multimodal detection of sweat lactate and pH, validating the platform's potential for personalized exercise monitoring, fatigue assessment, and real-time training optimization.
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高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
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2026
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IF 6.4
Bingfeng Qian,Shibo Feng,Wentao Wang,Minghui Liang,Yuhao Liu,Yuting Lu,Jianjun Yang
The plasticizers include green lactic acid, vanillic acid and n-heptanol. • The interaction between the plasticizers and PVC was demonstrated through molecular simulation. • The BVL7 plasticizer has no adverse effects on embryonic development. Plasticizers are crucial additives for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) processing. However, conventional phthalate-based plasticizers suffer from high migration rates and significant toxicity. While sustainable biobased alternatives have been developed, their thermal stability and plasticizing performance remain, in the main, inferior to phthalate-based ones. A multi-component green plasticizer, BVL7, has been synthesized from renewable resources including vanillic acid, lactic acid, and n-heptanol. BVL7 exhibits approximately 30% higher thermal stability than commercial biobased plasticizers, matching that of phthalate-based counterparts. The elongation at break of PVC samples filled with BVL7 increased from 35.9% (unplasticized PVC) to 375.9%. The elongation at break of the BVL7 plasticizing sample is approximately 20% higher than that of commercial biobased plasticizers, and it is comparable to the plasticizing performance of phthalate plasticizers. Molecular docking simulations suggest strong interactions between BVL7 and PVC, confirming the rationality of its molecular design. Owing to these interactions, BVL7 reduces migration in fat simulants by 90% compared with that for phthalate plasticizers, while the blend over 90% of performance after migration. Importantly, BVL7 exhibits safe characteristics for both organisms and the environment. A new strategy for developing novel plasticizers with high performance, low toxicity and a high biobased content has been demonstrated. Download: Download high-res image (291KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
·
IF 2.8
Yuchen Yao,Yanqin Shi,Jiachao Mei,Jingzhe Zhang,Si Chen,Meng Ma,Huiwen He,Yulu Zhu,Xu Wang
Three efficient and environmentally friendly double-anion zinc salts—zinc p-tert-butylbenzoate arginine (PAZA), zinc benzoate arginine (BZA), and zinc p-nitrobenzoate arginine (NAZA)-were designed and synthesized. This study elucidated how the substituent groups in these benzoic acid derivatives influence the thermal stability of PVC. Structural confirmation of the synthesized salts was carried out using FTIR, XPS, TGA, and DSC. The Congo red test, as well as static and dynamic thermal aging tests, revealed that PAZA, BZA, and NAZA significantly outperformed single-anion zinc salts in stabilizing PVC. The superior performance was attributed to a dual mechanism: the progressive replacement of unstable chlorine atoms by two types of anions and the complexation of ZnCl 2 and scavenging of HCl by amino groups. Furthermore, Gaussian calculations and Hansen solubility parameters were employed to investigate the dissociation energy of benzoic acid-derived anions from zinc and their compatibility with the PVC matrix.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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环境友好材料
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热稳定剂
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功能添加剂
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2025
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IF 8
Young-Min Lee,Youyoung Lim,Sohyun Kang,Sunmi Kim
Plasticizers enhance the flexibility of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products but may migrate over time, posing potential health risks. This study quantified migration rates of ten phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers from PVC sheet specimens into artificial saliva and sweat, across plasticizer contents ranging from 20 to 50 wt%. Migration experiments at 37 °C, followed by GC-TOF/MS analysis, revealed linear relationships between plasticizer content and both ingestion and dermal migration rates for most compounds. DBP, DiBP, and DiNA exhibited the highest migration (> 0.33 μg/cm 2 /min in saliva; > 3.23 ng/cm 2 /min in sweat), whereas DEHA and DnOP demonstrated minimal release. Key molecular descriptors − including measured content (MC), estimated solubility (ESOL), SpMax2_Bhi, and total connectivity index (Xt) − showed significant correlations with migration behaviors. Multiple linear regression and robust regression models were developed to predict ingestion and dermal migration, achieving R 2 = 0.70 (RMSE = 0.238) and Pseudo R 2 = 0.89, respectively. Internal 5-fold cross-validation confirmed model stability, although external validation revealed limitations related to dataset dependency. Despite these constraints, the proposed models offer a practical and rapid screening approach for estimating plasticizer release and potential human exposure from consumer products.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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生物材料学
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暴露科学
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分析化学
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风险评估
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分子毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Processes
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 11
·3543
·
IF 2.8
Zhen Zhao,Meng Chen,Lei Wang
This study investigates the torrefaction of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cellulose, two major constituents of agricultural waste, with the aim of improving chlorine removal and enhancing the energy quality of the resulting solid products. Thermodynamic simulations using HSC Chemistry 9.0 were first conducted to predict equilibrium compositions, particularly chlorine-containing species. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and coupled TGA-FTIR were employed to monitor mass loss and identify gaseous chlorine compounds. Based on these preliminary results, torrefaction experiments were carried out at temperatures of 250–300 °C and durations of 30–90 min. The results demonstrate a significant synergistic effect between cellulose and PVC during co-torrefaction, achieving 97% chlorine removal under optimal conditions (9:1 cellulose-to-PVC ratio, 250 °C, 30 min). This effective dechlorination helps mitigate Cl-induced corrosion and reduces the risk of dioxin formation in industrial applications, enabling the sustainable upcycling of PVC-contaminated biomass into clean solid fuels. Torrefaction temperature exerted a stronger influence than time on mass loss, yielding approximately 40% solid residue at 300 °C. While both solid and energy yields decreased with increasing temperature and time, the O/C and H/C atomic ratios decreased by 56% and 48%, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in fuel properties. The observed synergy is attributed to cellulose-derived hydroxyl radicals promoting PVC dehydrochlorination. This process offers a scalable and economically viable pretreatment route for PVC-containing biomass, potentially reducing boiler corrosion and hazardous emissions.
研究领域:
能源工程
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废物资源化
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热化学转化
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环境科学
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可持续燃料
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）