CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Shenghe Zhang,Fukai Chu,Zhoumei Xu,Yifan Zhou,Weizhao Hu,Yuan Hu
The low flame retardant efficiency and poor interfacial property are the main problems that confine the wide application of glass-fiber reinforced unsaturated resin (GUPR) composites. Herein, these problems are effectively solved by grafting modified silane coupling agent on the surface of glass fiber and adding multi-element hybrid flame retardant to matrix. Firstly, phosphorus-containing flame retardant interface modifier (PKH550) and Sulfur-containing flame retardant (PCH 3 -S) were synthesized, and the structures were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of 1 H and 31 P. Then PKH550 was successfully grafted on the surface of glass-fiber. Notably, compared with PGF/UPR 20% which had no rating in UL-94 test, the use of PKH550 modified glass-fiber made MGF/UPR 20% reached the V0 rating, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was as high as 38%. In addition, with the increase addition of PCH 3 -S, the flame retardant properties of GUPR composites were gradually improved. Finally, the mechanical properties of GUPR composites had been improved further by the plasma method. Compared with the 296.93 MPa tensile strength of PGF/UPR, the tensile strength of P-PGF/UPR prepared after plasma treatment of glass-fiber increased to 319.27 MPa. This work provides a new angle to simultaneously improve the fire safety performance and mechanical properties of materials, which will not only be limited to the application of unsaturated resins, but can also have a rather good application prospects in other flame-retardant materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
复合材料
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2013
·
IF 2.206
Jianxiang Feng,Xiaomin Zhang,Songqi Ma,Zhu Xiong,Chuanzhi Zhang,Yanhua Jiang,Jin Zhu
Maleated cyclodexdrin (MC) and its metal salts (Metal MC) were synthesized and added into poly(vinyl alcohol)–intumescent flame retardant (PVA–IFR) composites as synergists. Results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTG) showed that the thermal stability of the composites was greatly improved. The initial decomposition temperature of PVA–IFR composites was increased by 16 °C with the addition of metal MC. UL-94 vertical burning test indicated that the metallic cyclodextrin (metal MC) can catalyze the PVA–IFR system to form strong intumescent char and reach V0 rating at the proper proportion. The morphology and compositions of the char residue of PVA–IFR composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated that the metal ions could boost the formation of organized and compact char layer in the condensed phase during the degradation of PVA.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 6
Xuanye Wang,Lei Yu,Zhengqiang Fan,Guochao Yang,Hongwu Guo
Utilizing bio-based flame retardants like chitosan (CS) and tannic acid (TA) is an effective way to enhance the flame retardancy of wooden products. In this work, the poplar wood was impregnated with composite flame retardants containing CS, TA, Cu (CH 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O and silane coupling agent (KH550). When KH550 bound these substances together to form a stable compound, a highly efficient flame-retardant wood (wood/CTA-Cu-Si) was prepared under vacuum pressure impregnation. The results of the functional group test show that bio-based flame retardants have been successfully synthesized. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the treated sample was reached 31.5%, the sample also passed the V-0 grade in the UL-94 vertical burning test, and in the Cone colorimeter test, the total smoke release was reduced by 50.2% compared to that of the Control. The energy dispersive spectroscopy proved that Cu and Si elements were evenly distributed in the wood before and after combustion. Raman spectra of the residues after the burning of treated wood were compared and it was found that the degree of graphitization of wood/CTA-Cu-Si was significantly increased, which I D / I G reached 1.85. After impregnation, the flame-retardant treated wood sample exhibited no negative effect on mechanical properties. The flame-retardant mechanism was probed and summarized as the Cu and Si synergistic promotion on charring and suppression on heat and smoke release. Simultaneously, the existences of Si-C, Si-O and Si-N strengthened the char layer and enhanced flame retardancy of poplar wood. Such resulted poplar wood with flame retardancy will be an excellent application prospect as engineering biomaterial.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
木材科学与技术
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Shoulu Yang,Zhongwei Wang,Zhu Liu,Yiqiang Wu
In this work, we present a simple and effective approach to enhance the fire safety and anti-corrosion performance of wood by forming in-situ self-assembled amphiphilic Ag-PW nanospheres (NSP) at room temperature. The morphology and acid capacity of the NSP were optimized by changing the ratio of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and silver nitrate. The Ag-PW NSP were successfully integrated into the bulk of the wood, resulting in a durable treatment with minimal leaching. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, confirmed the in-situ formation of Ag-PW NSP in the wood. The treatment exhibited low-leaching properties with only 5.89% of Ag-PW1a leaching out. The treated wood demonstrated excellent flame-retardant (FR) properties, as evidenced by a limiting oxygen index value > 28% and easy passage of the UL-94 test, with the formation of a high-density char layer. The flammable pyrolysis products released during combustion were found to be significantly altered, with a change in the depolymerization route of conversion of LGO under acid conditions to HMF, which was verified by DFT calculations. The treated wood also exhibited outstanding anti-corrosion properties, with a mass loss rate of less than 1%, compared to at least 32.3% for bare wood after the anti-white or brown-rot fungus tests. Moreover, the treated wood samples maintained their excellent FR properties even after leaching. Our study provides valuable insights for the rational design of nano-material additives for wood protection, thereby improving the usage of wood resources while mitigating health and environmental hazards.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
木材科学与技术
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 13.1
Li Zhang,Qian Zhang,Weihong Cao,Zhenghong Guo,Zhengping Fang,Juan Li,Peng Chen
A phosphorous-silicon (SiP) precursor was synthesized using p-phthalaldehyde, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenantrene-10-oxide. The SiP was used to fabricate a phosphorous-silicon hybrid microsphere (SiP-M) via the sol-gel method. The SiP-M was employed to enhance the flame retardancy of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The results indicate that PBAT containing 0.1 wt% of SiP-M displays a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26.5 vol%. Meanwhile, PBAT containing 1.0 wt% SiP-M exhibits a UL-94 V0 rating and a LOI value of 29.8 vol%, and some reductions in peak heat release rate , total heat release, and total smoke production. The SiP-M functions in both the gas phase and condense phase in the PBAT blend, and the former is predominant. In addition, a coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the interface adhesion between PBAT and SiP-M. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of PBAT blends are enhanced by an appropriate amount of KH560. This work provides an efficient method for preparing flame-retardant PBAT without deteriorating its mechanical properties .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 4.598
Xueyan Dai,Peihong Li,Yanlong Sui,Chunling Zhang
An intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin was synthesized by introducing biphenyl structures and phosphorous into epoxy resin. The biphenyl structures could increase the glass transition temperature by more than 10 °C, as well thermal stability as indicated by the elevation in char yield. They could also enhance mechanical properties as reflected by the increments of 86.4% and 176.5% in tensile strength and breaking elongation, respectively, and offset the negative effects of phosphorus-containing structures. The introduction of elemental phosphorus could improve the flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin. The resulting epoxy resin presented a high limiting oxygen index of 32.4% and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Moreover, it exhibited better flame-retardant parameters than pure epoxy resin in the cone calorimeter test. It could be decomposed to generate PO∙ and PO 2 ∙ radicals to quench active free radicals, reduce toxic and smoke gas generation, and form a dense and stable char layer. It could simultaneously achieve gas and condensed phase flame retardancy. The presence of the biphenyl structure and phosphorus element in the epoxy resin system improved the thermal, mechanical, and flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin simultaneously. This work offered a facile method for preparing intrinsic phosphorus-containing flame-retardant epoxy resin without sacrificing thermal and mechanical properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 18
·14852-14858
·
IF 3.289
Yu Cao,Yaqing Ju,Fenghui Liao,Xiaoxun Jin,Xiu Dai,Jiawei Li,Xinlong Wang
A novel nanorod-shaped hybrid flame retardant was synthesized by the reaction of benzenephosphinic acid (BPA) with powdery aluminium hydroxide and was analyzed by SEM, XRD, XPS and contact angle tests. Nanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with the flame retardant were prepared. The prepared nanocomposites had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of the nanocomposite containing 10 wt% nanorods reached 82.51 MPa. Besides, the storage modulus increased about 39.2% for the composites with 10 wt% loading of the flame retardant compared with neat PLA at 25 °C. Meanwhile, the LOI of the nanocomposite was about 25.0% and a V-0 rating in UL-94 was attained in the case of 30 wt% of the flame retardant compared to 20.0% and no rating for pure PLA. SEM observations of the fractured surfaces showed that the nanocomposites had good interfacial interaction, which resulted in the improvement of mechanical properties. The addition of the hybrid flame retardant led to the formation of a coherent and tight char layer as well as the production of PO2˙ radicals and water, which retarded the combustion process of PLA.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53552
·
IF 3.057
Chang Liu,Ping Li,Ying-Jun Xu,Yun Liu,Ping Zhu
To attain superior fire safety epoxy resins (EP), aluminum diethylphosphonate (AlPi) and nickel alginate were incorporated to EP in different proportions. The synergistic flame retardant effects between AlPi and nickel alginate on fire safety and mechanical properties of EP were investigated in detail. EP/AlPi 9.5 -Nickel Alginate 0.5 acquired the UL-94 V-0 rating with the highest limiting oxygen index value (28.9%). Besides, the thermal decomposition behaviors of the samples were researched by thermogravimetric analysis, implying that EP/AlPi-Nickel Alginate exhibited the better thermal stability and char-forming ability. Compared with EP, the peak heat release rate and total heat release were declined by 58.3% and 12.8%. And the addition of nickel alginate reduced the release of smoke. In particular, the incorporation of AlPi and nickel alginate increased the impact strength, flexural strength and glass transition temperature of EP. In perspective, the synergistic effect of bio-based nickel alginate and AlPi opens a practicable avenue in decreasing the fire risk and improving the mechanical properties of EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2017
·
IF 3.386
Xinming Ye,Yuanhang Wang,Zhilei Zhao,Hong Yan
A novel P-N containing hyperbranched poly(phosphorodiamidate) (HBPPDA) was synthesized by the A 2 +B 3 polymerization, which had high thermal stability, with greater than 40 wt% of the char residue left at 750 °C. The benzene and triazine rings in HBPPDA contributed to a good char-forming capacity. Furthermore, a large number of terminal primary amines could release incombustible gases to dilute the concentration of oxygen. Thus, HBPPDA could act as blowing agent and carbonization agent simultaneously. Only 6.25 wt% of HBPPDA could greatly enhance the flame-retarding efficiency of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), showing a remarkable synergy to improve flame retardancy and dripping resistance of polypropylene (PP). When 25 wt% of flame retardant (APP:HBPPDA = 3:1) were added into PP matrix, the composite achieved V0 rating for UL-94 test, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 30.6%. The reduction of 76.2% and 41.5% were available for the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR). Meanwhile, the composite showed strong smoke suppression.
研究领域:
聚合物科学
·
材料科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.045
Yongzhen Wang,Yanchao Yuan,Ying Zhao,Shumei Liu,Jianqing Zhao
A halogen-free flame retardant of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-containing H-benzimidazole (DHBI) was synthesized and subsequently used as co-curing agent of 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. The structure of DHBI was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton, carbon 13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. A series of cured epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared and their flame retardancy, thermal stability, flexibility, and dielectric properties were investigated. The resulting cured EP (EP-10) with 7.45 wt% of DHBI successfully achieved UL 94 V-0 rate with limited oxygen index of 35.6% and without dropping phenomenon. Compared with the cured pristine EP (EP-00), the glass transition temperature of EP-10 was increased by 6.9°C, accompanied with an enhancement of flexible strength by 13.1 MPa and a decrement of dielectric constant by 0.3 at the testing frequency of 1 MHz.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2022
·Vol. 54
·期 8
·995-1008
·
IF 3.135
Fei Xuan,Zhang Xiaoqin,Liu Jingkai,Wang Jinggang,Liu Xiaoqing
A biobased diol (BDBE) is synthesized from vanillin, guaiacol, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to generate a series of fire-retardant polyesters (PECBFs) via melt polymerization with ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The chemical structure, sequence distribution, and molecular weights of the obtained polyesters are confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results show that BDBE units contribute positively to the high glass transition temperature ( T g ) and fire retardancy, while the CHDM moiety provides flexibility and chain propagation activity. As the content of BDBE is increased from 0 to 25%, the T g of PECBFs increases from 82 to 95 °C, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increases from 22.4 to 27.5%. In the UL-94 combustion test, when BDBE units are more than 15%, the samples almost self-extinguish immediately once the flame is moved away. Their mechanical properties are also investigated, and their tensile modulus is stabilized between 1.7 and 1.8 GPa, while the elongation at break ranges from 5 to 56%. Biobased polyesters demonstrating satisfactory properties are reported in this work.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
阻燃性
·
生物基材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 25
·期 12
·2201815
·
IF 3.6
Yifang He,Yifang Hua,Jinxuan Chen,Junming Wang,Lijun Qian,Jun Sun,Hongfei Li,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
Piperazine hexahydrate (PI) and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) are used to synthesize flame-retardant PI-DTPMP through supramolecular reaction. The incorporation of PI-DTPMP simultaneously improves the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin (EP). With only 5 wt% loading of PI-DTPMP, EP composites show excellent flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.4% and V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. The cone calorimetric test results demonstrates that the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of EP/5%PI-DTPMP are reduced by 44.9%, 34.7%, and 37.7% compared with that of neat EP, respectively, owing to the formation of compact and insulating char layer during combustion. Moreover, EP/PI-DTPMP composites show enhanced mechanical properties with the improved tensile and impact strength, as well as higher storage modulus, crosslink densities, and glass-transition temperatures in dynamic mechanical analysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）