EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 3.2
Wang Min,Gao Feng,Xu Zixuan,Xue Kaiyang,Yu Yang,Wang Fuwei,Zou Jing,Huang Guofu
Purpose Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is characterized by abnormal innervation and neurogenic inflammation, contributing to chronic discogenic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) alleviates IVDD-related pain, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of the axonal guidance factor Netrin-1 in EA-mediated inhibition of myelinated nerve fiber ingrowth into degenerative intervertebral discs and to elucidate the downstream signaling pathways involved. Methods A rabbit axial compression IVDD model was established. Animals were divided into sham, model, EA, model+OV-Netrin-1, EA+sh-Netrin-1, EA+μ-opioid antagonist (β-FNA), and EA+δ-opioid antagonist (NTI) groups. Tarlov scoring, MRI, HE, AB-PAS, immunohistochemistry, TEM, Western blot, RT-qPCR, Co-IP, ELISA and flow cytometry were used to evaluate disc histology, nerve ingrowth, Netrin-1 expression in annulus fibrosus (AF) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), endogenous opioid peptides, receptor interactions, cAMP/cGMP levels and intracellular calcium concentration. Results EA improved Tarlov scores, restored disc structure and reduced pathological nerve ingrowth in degenerative discs. EA downregulated Netrin-1 in AF but upregulated Netrin-1 in L2 DRG. DRG Netrin-1 overexpression mimicked EA’s anti-neoinnervation effect, whereas Netrin-1 knockdown abolished EA efficacy. EA elevated spinal POMC/M-ENK; blocking μ/δ opioid receptors reversed EA-mediated Netrin-1 upregulation in DRG. Mechanistically, EA promoted UNC5B-DCC complex formation, reduced cAMP, increased cGMP and lowered intracellular Ca 2+ via Netrin-1 receptors to inhibit myelinated axon sprouting. Conclusion EA upregulates DRG Netrin-1 by activating endogenous opioid peptide signaling. Netrin-1 subsequently modulates UNC5B/DCC downstream cAMP-cGMP-calcium pathways to suppress abnormal myelinated nerve fiber ingrowth, thereby alleviating discogenic pain and delaying IVDD progression.
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Frontiers in Microbiology
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2026
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IF 5.8
Huiqin Li,Zhiyi Zhao,Mingqi Wu,Chunlan Shi,Tao Zhu,Xi Gao,Chun Xiao,Mehboob Hussain,Deqiang Qin,Guoxing Wu,Junfu Yu
This study examined the interaction between Fusarium solani KMZW-1 and adult Bactrocera dorsalis, with emphasis on cuticular colonization, adult-stage pathological effects, and candidate metabolite-mediated toxicity. KMZW-1 showed Fusarium-like colony and conidial morphology and colonized mainly tarsal setae, joints, and recessed cuticular regions, where fungal conidia and hyphae progressively accumulated over time. Fungal treatment reduced adult survival in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001) and lowered egg production per female, likely due to reduced male survival and fewer mating opportunities, whereas egg hatchability, larval pupation, and adult emergence of offspring were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). Untargeted LC-MS/MS profiling annotated 3073 metabolites, and candidate secondary metabolites were prioritized using pathway assignment, CAS-confirmed identity, normalized peak-area abundance, reported biological activity and commercial availability. Among coumarin, umbelliferone and podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin showed the lowest 24 h LC50 values against adult flies, at 24.33 μg mL−1 for females and 21.03 μg mL−1 for males. These results indicate that KMZW-1 produces a reproducible surface-colonization-associated adult-stage phenotype in B. dorsalis. Podophyllotoxin should be interpreted as a prioritized candidate with confirmed topical toxicity, not as a confirmed in vivo virulence determinant. Further work is required to confirm metabolite identity with authentic standards, quantify metabolite production during infection, determine internal invasion dynamics, and evaluate mode of action and non-target safety.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2026
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IF 7.8
Sandeep Karki,Sahil Malhotra,Muhammad Ijaz,Qiancheng Zhang,Estela Bini,Bridget Hogg,Thomas Lijnse,Eoin D. O’Cearbhaill,Brian J. Rodriguez,David J. Brayden
Buccal administration of peptide therapeutics offers a noninvasive alternative to injections but remains constrained by limited peptide epithelial permeability and physicochemical instability. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are important therapeutics with limited noninvasive administration options. Here, we present a buccal peptide delivery platform integrating electrostatic nanocomplexation, design of experiments (DoE)-guided optimization, and solid-state stabilization. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was complexed with a model GLP-1 RA peptide molecule to generate monodisperse nanocomplexes (∼100 nm) with low polydispersity and a positive surface charge (∼+20 mV). Lyophilization preserved nanocomplex integrity during storage at 4 °C for at least one month, enabling dispersibility and retention of colloidal characteristics and GLP-1 RA secondary structure. Nanocomplexes exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in TR-146 cells at 1 mg/mL over 180 min. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated membrane lipid remodelling, dynamin-dependent endocytic involvement, and redistribution of tight junction and desmosomal proteins, supporting a model involving nanocomplex uptake leading to modulation of epithelial barrier properties. The nanocomplexes were then incorporated into a bilayer film composed of a pullulan/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mucoadhesive layer and an Eudragit RLPO backing layer. GLP-1 RA permeation across porcine buccal mucosae from the nanocomplexes in solution reached ∼13% at 3 h (Papp ∼3.8 × 10–6 cm/s) while incorporation of complexes in bilayers yielded ∼3.4% permeation (Papp ∼1.2 × 10–6 cm/s) compared to the absence of flux for the GLP-1 RA in solution. These findings demonstrate that peptide nanocomplexes can be successfully incorporated into mucoadhesive films. This approach offers advantages over films comprising permeation enhancers.
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ENERGY & FUELS
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2026
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IF 6
Bin Zhou,Yi Zhang,Shugang Li,Zhen Wang,Haifei Lin,Yanlin Chen,Zeyou Meng,Haiqing Shuang,Liang Cheng,Qiqi Yin
The efficient separation of CH4 from binary CH4/N2 mixtures is crucial for utilizing low-concentration coalbed methane but remains a significant challenge. Herein, we systematically investigated the adsorption and separation performance of the metal–organic framework HKUST-1 for CH4, N2, and their mixed gases under different temperatures and pressures. Single-component adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorption capacity of HKUST-1 for CH4 was almost twice that of N2. The adsorption capacity of HKUST-1 for CH4 or N2 is negatively correlated with temperature, and there is a notably higher isosteric heat of adsorption for CH4 than for N2. In addition, grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations confirmed that both CH4 and N2 preferentially occupy the binding sites in T1 pores of HKUST-1 and then migrate to L2 and L3 pores. Differently, CH4 molecules form denser packing at the high-energy metal sites in HKUST-1, while N2 distributes more diffusely. The difference is due to the higher binding energy between CH4 and the Cu node (CH4 is −14.99 kJ/mol, while N2 is −7.83 kJ/mol). Leveraging ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) and a breakthrough curve, the superior adsorption selectivity of HKUST-1 for CH4 was evaluated in binary CH4/N2 mixtures. The total adsorption capacity of HKUST-1 for CH4/N2 mixtures is positively correlated with the CH4 concentration, and the adsorption selectivity is better at low CH4 concentrations or low temperatures. Meanwhile, HKUST-1 exhibits good moisture resistance and cycling stability. This research underscores the promise of HKUST-1 for efficient CH4/N2 separation and provides molecular-level insights for next-generation adsorbent design.
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AICHE JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 4.4
Pei Qiao,Yi Guo,Yanan Liu,Chenghua Zhu,Di Cheng,Youshan Zhou,Panpan Song
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are pervasive environmental pollutants that require efficient biodegradation. The substrate specificity of PAEs-degrading microorganisms hinges critically on the catalytic selectivity of microbial esterases. To elucidate the molecular basis of the specificity of Type III PAEs esterases, we developed a chromogenic assay and further integrated machine learning-driven enzyme mining with functional characterization and molecular dynamics analysis. A novel microorganism, Acinetobacter sp. DY-1, was isolated with diverse PAEs-degrading capacities. The esterase 1952 from strain DY-1 exhibited broad substrate specificity and high catalytic efficiency, with a marked preference for long-chain PAEs, such as DEHP. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed stable hydrophobic interactions underpinning 1952s affinity for DEHP. Through targeted mutagenesis, we identified key residues (Leu64, Leu68, and His229) that are essential for substrate binding and catalysis. Their substitution with polar residues drastically reduced DEHP degradation, while the G178Y mutant enhanced activity via π-stacking interactions. This study deciphers the structural determinants of PAE esterase specificity, enabling precise enzyme engineering.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2026
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IF 8.8
Fedrick C. Mgomi,Chunlei Lu,Anqi Tang,Shu Xu,Fei Chen,Lei Yuan,Zhen-quan Yang
The survival of probiotics during transit through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) remains a significant challenge, limiting their in vivo functional efficacy. Microorganisms often resist adverse conditions by forming biofilms. Leveraging this property, the current study introduces a novel biofilm-inspired encapsulation approach using single- and multilayer-coated sodium alginate gel beads (SAGBs) to promote in situ biofilm formation by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NN4–1. Comparative analyses were conducted to assess bacterial viability in SAGBs, planktonic cells, and biofilm cells under simulated GIT conditions. In vitro studies showed enhanced resistance in SAGBs, with a survival rate of 81.48% compared to unencapsulated cells. Additionally, biofilm encapsulation increased biochemical production, yielding average protein and polysaccharide concentrations of 0.633 mg/mL and 1.056 mg/mL, respectively. The scanning electron microscope revealed clusters of bacterial colonization inside the SAGBs. Whole-genome sequencing revealed multiple genes associated with biofilm formation, stress tolerance, adhesion, acid, and bile salt resistance. Multilayer of SAGBs reduced bacterial leakage by 52.52%, slowed small-molecule diffusion, and slightly improved textural properties without compromising bacterial metabolic activity or growth. Furthermore, SAGBs exhibited markedly higher survival (99.43%) than planktonic (76.3%) and biofilm cells (77.5%) after 21 days of refrigerated storage in milk. This approach offers promising applications in designing next-generation functional foods and targeted probiotic delivery systems, warranting higher viability of probiotics under adverse conditions of the GIT.
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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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2026
·Vol. 46
·期 9
·118223
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IF 6.3
Lan Gao,Yun Zhang,Xi Jiang,Shihua Ding
Ga 3+ heterovalent substitution for Zn 2+ was beneficial for modifying ZnZrTa 2 O 8 ceramic. The enlarged Q × f was caused by a combination of grain size and total lattice energy U Total increase. The improvement of τ f was attributed to the increase in Ta-O bond energy. Zn 0.99 Ga 0.01 ZrTa 2 O 8.005 ceramics exhibited optimal Q × f of 103,236 ± 2155 GHz (@7.38 GHz) and τ f = -17.65 ± 1.61 ppm/℃. The improved τ f provided great convenience for gaining temperature stable dielectric ceramics. Afterward, ZnTa 2 O 6 as a temperature compensator was added to adjust the τ f to zero. The Zn 0.99 Ga 0.01 ZrTa 2 O 8.005 dissolved into ZnTa 2 O 6 lattice. As a result, 0.4Zn 0.99 Ga 0.01 ZrTa 2 O 8.005 -0.6ZnTa 2 O 6 ceramic sintered at 1350 ℃ obtained the desirable dielectric properties: ε r = 28.18 ± 0.01, Q × f = 81,919 ± 394 GHz (@6.70 GHz), τ ƒ = -0.51 ± 0.06 ppm/℃.
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ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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2026
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IF 3.5
Jinnai Liu,Jiawei Tang,Hao Chen,Li Zhang,Ganlan Li,Fuli Zhang,Shaoxin Chen,Jun Yu
(S)-3-Bromo-2-(1-methoxyethyl)pyridine 1 is a key intermediate of RMC-6236. In this report, we detail the development and optimization of a highly enantioselective chemoenzymatic and kilogram-scale process for 1. The developed process for intermediate (S)-1-(3-Bromopyridin-2-yl)ethanol 3 was performed on 1 kg scale with a substrate concentration of 70.0 g/L, achieving a yield of 93.0% and an ee value of >99.9%. Subsequently, a simple and effective NaHMDS/CH3I methylation system afforded the title compound 1, in 95.0% yield and with >99.9% ee, achieving 88.4% overall yield from intermediate 1-(3-bromopyridin-2-yl)ethanone 2. This represents a notable increase compared to the early stage process (overall yield 55.5%). This optimized highly efficient and sustainable process was demonstrated during kilogram-scale production of 1.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2026
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IF 9.2
Shijie Cao,Quanquan Li,Hui Yun,Boyu Zhang,Zhixue Wang,Xiaowen Wang,Jing Bai,Xiaodong Wang,Yunhua Xu
Magnesium Hydride (MgH 2 ) is a promising hydrogen storage material but suffers from a high dehydrogenation temperature and sluggish sorption kinetics, which hinder its practical application. Accordingly, we report the use of a Cu-based metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) derived carbon material as a catalyst for optimizing the MgH 2 hydrogen storage performance. The MgH 2 containing 10 wt% HKUST-1 (denoted as MgH 2 -HKUST-1) exhibits a maximum dehydrogenation temperature of 50 °C, much lower than pure MgH 2 . Additionally, it demonstrates enhanced hydrogenation dynamics: it adsorbs 6.4 wt% H 2 within 240 s when heated to 350 °C, and even at 200 °C, it still captures 5.7 wt% H 2 in 60 min. Moreover, the dehydrogenation activation energy is 85.01 kJ per mole of H 2 , showing a marked reduction compared to pure MgH 2 . Furthermore, the excellent H 2 storage performance perhaps stems from the synergistic interaction of Cu 2+ /Cu + redox reactions, mechanochemical size effects, and in situ carbon scaffolding.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 6.7
Peng Deng,Yang Chen,Xing Shen,Qiuming Chen,Zhaojun Wang,Zhiyong He,Jie Chen,Maomao Zeng
Abstract CaSR has been recognized as a potential receptor involved in kokumi peptide perception. However, the molecular basis underlying kokumi-peptide-induced cellular responses remains insufficiently understood. Herein, CaSR-associated responses induced by kokumi peptides were investigated in STC-1 cells. Compared with MSG stimulation alone, MSG combined with γ-glutamyl peptides enhanced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and CCK secretion, with response trends consistent with sensory evaluation. MSG+γEγEV elicited the strongest cellular response, increasing CCK secretion from 31.38 ± 3.18 pg/mL in the MSG group to 60.84 ± 4.45 pg/mL, while Ca2+ fluorescence intensity increased by 133.60% relative to MSG treatment alone (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with the CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 reduced MSG+γEγEV-induced Ca2+ mobilization and CCK secretion by 51.09 and 42.90%, respectively, supporting the involvement of CaSR in these cellular responses. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed alterations in signaling-associated metabolites and pathways, including calcium signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, cAMP signaling, phosphoinositide-related metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. These findings suggest that signaling responses associated with CaSR involvement in STC-1 cells share certain features with taste-related signal transduction processes. Collectively, the results provide insights into kokumi-peptide-induced cellular responses and their potential relevance to umami enhancement.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Hongyu Yang,Yuelin Zhao,Sen Mu,Siqi Wang,Aiyang Tong,Dongkai Wang,Jiajia Jia,Ji Li
HA@CZ enables acid-responsive local Ca 2+ /Zn 2+ ion therapy. • Zn 2+ impairs Ca 2+ extrusion and drives sustained Ca 2+ overload. • Dual-ion stress induces caspase-1/GSDMD and caspase-3/GSDME pyroptosis. • HA@CZ cascade-induces pyroptosis and activates the STING pathway. • Local HA@CZ treatment sensitizes 4 T1 tumors to PD-1 blockade. Triple-negative breast cancer responds poorly to immune checkpoint blockade, partly because of insufficient tumor-local immune priming. Controlled delivery of bioactive ions offers an opportunity to induce inflammatory tumor cell death while limiting nonspecific systemic exposure. Here, we developed hyaluronic acid-modified, zinc containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles (HA@CZ) for acid-responsive synchronized Ca 2+ /Zn 2+ delivery. HA@CZ remained colloidally stable under physiological conditions but released Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ more rapidly under tumor relevant acidic conditions. HA@CZ markedly promoted intracellular Ca 2+ /Zn 2+ accumulation, induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and triggered gasdermin dependent pyroptosis through the caspase-1/GSDMD and caspase-3/GSDME axes. Mechanistically, the key distinction of HA@CZ does not lie in Ca 2+ overload alone, but in converting Ca 2+ overload from a direct ion burden process into a Zn 2+ initiated Ca 2+ homeostasis collapse mechanism. Zn 2+ impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and ATP dependent Ca 2+ extrusion, thereby lowering the threshold for sustained Ca 2+ overload after synchronized ion release. The resulting dual ion stress promoted mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid leakage and activated cyclic GMP–AMP synthase stimulator of interferon genes signaling, thereby coupling tumor cell pyroptosis with endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid sensing activation. In syngeneic 4 T1 tumor models, HA@CZ suppressed tumor growth after both systemic and local administration, promoted dendritic cell maturation and CD8 + T-cell infiltration, and remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Intratumoral studies confirmed its intrinsic therapeutic superiority over free CaCO₃, Zn 2+ , and their physical mixture, while combination with anti-PD-1 therapy enhanced control of both primary and distant tumors. Furthermore, tumor re-challenge experiments demonstrated that HA@CZ induced durable antitumor immune memory. These findings establish HA@CZ as a controlled-release ion nanotherapeutic that couples synchronized Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ delivery to pyroptosis associated immune activation and checkpoint blockade sensitization. Download: Download high-res image (150KB) Download: Download full-size image
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 7.8
Zunlong Hu,Denglei Gao,Huanrong Liu,Qingyang Li,Linjie Wang,Xiaofei Zhang,Haodong Xie,Yuhan He,Xiulin Wang,Changjian Liu,Zhijie Wu
Beta zeolite catalysts modified by compositing with USY and ZSM-5 achieve high BTX selectivity by integrating the advantages of different zeolite types. • The reaction pathway of 1-MN conversion to BTX in the graded catalytic system and the corresponding catalyst structure-activity relationship were elucidated. • The B-Y-Z three-bed graded catalyst enhances tandem relay catalysis between different zeolite beds, achieving the highest BTX selectivity. Hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to produce benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) represents an effective route for upgrading light cycle oil (LCO). However, this process tends to generate large amounts of alkylbenzenes with long or multiple side chains, making it difficult for a single catalyst to achieve a high BTX selectivity. Herein, composite zeolite catalysts and graded catalyst systems were designed and prepared for the hydrocracking of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) to BTX at a temperature of 420 °C and a pressure of 6 MPa. The NiW/BY-20 catalyst (Beta-USY zeolite composite) promotes the ring-opening cracking of monocyclic aromatics and the side-chain cleavage of alkylbenzenes, increasing the BTX selectivity and yield to 37.4% and 36.4%, respectively. The NiW/BZ-20 catalyst (Beta-ZSM-5 zeolite composite), with its strong acidity and high dealkylation capability, further improves the BTX selectivity and yield to 38.1% and 37.3%, respectively. These results indicate that composite zeolite catalysts can synergistically integrate the catalytic properties of zeolites with distinct topologies, enabling a relay catalysis pathway. Further investigations reveal that the graded catalyst system optimizes the reaction process; the B-Y catalyst (NiW/Beta in the upper bed, NiW/USY in the lower bed) increases the BTX selectivity and yield to 38.5% and 38.3%, respectively. The optimized B-Y-Z three-bed graded catalyst (upper: NiW/Beta, middle: NiW/USY, and lower: NiW/ZSM-5) exhibits excellent compatibility with the reaction pathway for 1-MN hydrocracking to BTX. It enhances the tandem catalytic effect while maintaining high hydrocracking activity, achieving BTX selectivity and yield of 41.3% and 40.2%, respectively, with alkylbenzene selectivity reduced by 3.3%. This work demonstrates that the synergistic design of composite zeolites and graded catalysts can effectively boost the efficient and targeted conversion of PAHs to BTX, providing valuable insights for the construction of bifunctional catalytic systems tailored for multistep tandem reactions. We propose a strategy that combines zeolite composite modification with different topologies and catalyst grading to developing efficient hydrocracking catalyst. The B-Y-Z three bed graded catalyst exhibits excellent compatibility with the reaction pathway for 1-MN hydrocracking to BTX. It enhances the tandem catalytic effect while maintaining high hydrocracking activity, achieving BTX selectivity of 41.3%, with alkylbenzene selectivity reduced by 3.3%. Download: Download high-res image (100KB) Download: Download full-size image
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