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Stability remains as a challenge of perovskite solar cells although encouraging progress has been made toward their maximum achievable power conversion efficiency in recent years. Light-soaking issue, where the device performance improves upon continuous light illumination and reduces upon storage in dark, is widely observed and marked as the early-stage instability during device operation. In this work, we have employed conjugated polymer PCDTBT as the dopant-free hole-transport layer to fabricate devices without hysteresis but with reversible light-soaking instability. The introduction of n-type molecules, either organic molecule PDI2 or fullerene derivative PC61BM, as the interfacial layer between TiO2 and perovskite layers can effectively reduce or eliminate this instability owing to the efficient charge transport and defect passivation at the electron-transport layer interface, accompanied with an efficiency of 15.7 and 17.7%, respectively. We conclude that the light-soaking instability of these perovskite solar cells is mainly originated from the charge accumulation at the TiO2/perovskite interface and can be eliminated once the interfacial charge can be suppressed by interfacial modifications to improve charge transport at the interface.
Efficient inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an ultrathin perovskite emission layer (∼30 nm) were realized by doping Lewis base polyethylene glycol (PEG) into CsPbBr3 films. PEG in the perovskite films not only physically fills the crystal boundaries but also interacts with the perovskite crystals to passivate the crystal grains, reduce nonradiative recombination, and ensure efficient luminance and high efficiency. As a result, promoted brightness, current efficiency (CE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were achieved. The nonradiative decay rate of the PEG:CsPbBr3 composite film is 1 order of magnitude less than that of the neat CsPbBr3 film. After further optimization of the molar ratio between CsBr and PbBr2, a peak CE of 19 cd/A, a maximum EQE of 5.34%, and a maximum brightness of 36600 cd/m2 were achieved, demonstrating the interaction between PEG and the precursors. The results are expected to offer some helpful implications in optimizing the polymer-assisted PeLEDs with ultrathin emission layers, which might have potential application in see-through displays.
Physical vapor deposition has emerged as a promising strategy for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs). However, the thermally evaporated PeLEDs still suffer from unsatisfactory optoelectrical performance because of the massive nonradiative defects. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient bilateral interfacial defect-passivation strategy toward high-performance PeLEDs with a thermally deposited CsPbBr3 emissive layer (EML). Specifically, the nonradiative defects from the bulk as well as the EML/charge transport layer (CTL) interface are significantly suppressed by implementing the 3-amino-1-propanol (3AP)-modified PEDOT:PSS and introducing ammonium salts, respectively. Simultaneously, both the 3AP induced less-conductive Cs4PbBr6 and ammonium salts can balance the charge injection into the EML effectively. As a result, we achieved efficient PeLEDs based on thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 with a luminance of 15745 cd/m2, current efficiency of 32 cd/A, external quantum efficiency of 8.86%, and lifetime of 3.74 h. The strategy proposed here may shed light on the development of highly efficient thermally evaporated PeLEDs.
Lead halide perovskites have multiple optoelectronic functions because of their intriguing photophysical properties. Unfortunately, their extensive application prospects are limited by their high toxicity and instability. For these reasons, it is significant to assemble novel lead-free halides with high-performance luminescence properties. Environment-friendly In3+-based halides are gaining increasing interest because of their high stabilities and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). In this research work, we synthesized a zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid indium chloride single crystal of [1-Me-Pipz]2[InCl6]Cl·H2O (1-Me-Pipz = protonated 1-methylpiperazine) that demonstrated strong self-trapped exciton (STE)-associated broadband yellow light emission with a sufficient PLQY of 51.58%. Moreover, [1-Me-Pipz]2[InCl6]Cl·H2O exhibits extremely excellent structural and spectral stability in a variety of harsh environments. Importantly, the outstanding optoelectronic characteristics allow indium perovskite to be used for the successful fabrication of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with a high color rendering index of 86.4. This work enriches the literature on indium halide perovskites and provides a novel viewpoint for the possible applications of 0D In3+ perovskite-based luminescent materials.
A limited light absorption range and low electron transfer efficiency have always been the major problems in semiconductor photocatalysis. Here, a defect-rich heterophase junction-containing TiO2 porous nanostructure was designed and synthesized to improve the low utilization rate of photoexcited carriers in photocatalysis. Defects were first introduced into titanium dioxide, and co-doping was used to obtain defect-rich materials. At the same time, heterophase junction TiO2 with anatase and rutile phases was obtained under temperature control. The TiO2 phase junction could significantly improve the interface charge recombination. These two synergistically regulated the hydrogen production favorably, thus improving the carrier separation efficiency and reducing the band gap from the ultraviolet to the visible region, which resulted in the construction of the most effective defects. Theoretical predictions and empirical characterizations indicate that TiO2 with defects introduced into it presents a porous structure, and the doped phase exposes the internal defects of the bulk phase of the material to the surface and adjusts the defect position. The experimental results confirmed that the synergistic effect of B and Rh co-doping increased the photocatalytic hydrogen production yield of TiO2 by 10 times. This study provides new insights into photocatalyst defect regulation.
HCl-Doped polyaniline (PANI-ES) and PANIs of different oxidation states were prepared by a typical oxidative polymerization and subsequent redox reaction, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of PANIs towards selective benzylamine oxidation reactions under visible light was investigated. PANI-ES containing a polaron structure exhibited the highest light-induced activity (54.9%). The results show that the formation of the surface complex between PANI-ES and adsorbed amine should be responsible for the enhanced visible light activity. The newly formed polaron band in PANI-ES has a greater number of delocalized electrons, which can facilitate electron transfer and thus improve the photoactivity. These results indicate that conjugated conducting polymers can be efficient visible light-responsive nonmetal photocatalysts for green synthesis.
Low-dimensional Pb–Br and Pb–Cl perovskite single crystals have aroused considerable attention due to their broadband white-light emission. But their synthesis involving halogenation of organic amines, dissolution of lead oxide and a slow cooling process is quite complicated. Herein, we report white light emission from mixed-dimensional AVAx(MAPbCl3) perovskite submicron platelets formed by one-step solution processing. It is found that the presence of 5-ammoniumvaleric acid (5-AVA) with a zwitterionic functional group is crucial for modulating the morphology and structural dimensionality of perovskites. Importantly, AVAx(MAPbCl3) perovskites exhibit distinctive structural dimensionality dependent broadband emission, indicating the formation of self-trapped excited states. The AVA2(MAPbCl3) perovskite exhibits white-light emission with a color rendering index (CRI) of 85 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 8624 K, yielding “cold” white light. Moreover, the mixed-dimensional perovskite exhibits good stability for more than 30 days. With this report, we aim to provide a facile approach for synthesizing stable low-dimensional perovskite nanostructures for making advanced optoelectronic devices.
A novel magnetic Fe 2 O 3 /BiOI hybrid nanostructure was fabricated by combining electrospinning and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Hollow Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers with internal diameter around 50 nm were produced by using electrospinning and calcinations of the as-spun fibers at 450 °C for 2 h. BiOI was deposited on the Fe 2 O 3 nanofiber surface by SILAR method, and the BiOI quantity could be controlled by the growth cycles of SILAR. Similar synthetic procedure could also be used to prepare Fe 2 O 3 /BiOBr and Fe 2 O 3 /BiOCl hybrid nanostructures. The BiOI on the magnetic nanofiber surface is highly crystalline with lamellae morphology of around 16 nm in thickness from the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy detections. The obtained Fe 2 O 3 /BiOI hybrid nanostructures exhibit superior visible light catalytic performance toward decomposition of RhB. This new method, which can also be used to prepare other magnetic photocatalyst simply at low cost, is suitable for practical applications.
As an effective photocatalyst , PANI/NiFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite was prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline. The physicochemical properties of the composite were characterized by TEM, XRD , FT-IR spectra, UV–vis spectroscopy, XPS and Photoelectrochemical Measurements. Compared with NiFe 2 O 4 and PANI , PANI/NiFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite has a better photocatalytic activity, which exhibited the remarkable property of hydrogen production under visible light. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. The heterojunction of PANI and NiFe 2 O 4 promoted the separation of photogenerated e − and h + on the surface of PANI/NiFe 2 O 4 . Besides, the structure of PANI/NiFe 2 O 4 in the polymerization was detected by FT-IR. NiFe 2 O 4 was proved that in favor of the formation of nucleate phenazine-like structure in the progress of in situ polymerization. Then the chain structure of conductive PANI was formed, which leading to the promotion of photocatalytic activity .
Mn-doped 2D perovskites are emerging as good candidates for light-emitting applications due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Major synthetic routes, solid-state grinding and high-temperature solution synthesis, are extensively studied to prepare Mn-doped 2D perovskites. However, complicated synthesis, small-scale yields, and poor-stability impede their widespread applications. Herein, a one-step acid-solution-assisted method is exhibited for gram-scale production of Mn-doped 2D (C 8 H 17 NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 4 with a solid yield of 1.35 g products out of 3 mL solvent. After Mn-doped 2D (C 8 H 17 NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 4 being stored in the air for 90 days, the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of powders has minor changes, showing good stability. Phosphor-converted monochrome light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated. After the LEDs work 6 h under a voltage of 3 V, their PL spectra have no obvious change, showing a great potential in optoelectronic devices. This study provides a new effective strategy for large-scale synthesis of ultrastable Mn-doped 2D perovskites, which is expected to provide inspiration for the industrial optoelectronic applications of perovskites.
To date, transforming environmental energy into electricity through a non-mechanical way is challenging. Herein, a series of photomechaelectric (PME) polyurethanes containing azobenzene-based photoisomer units and ionic liquid-based dipole units are synthesized, and corresponding PME nanogenerators (PME-NGs) to harvest electricity are fabricated. The dependence of the output performance of PME-NGs on the structure of the polyurethane is evaluated. The results show that the UV light energy can directly transduce into alternating-current (AC) electricity by PME-NGs via a non-mechanical way. The optimal open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of PME-NGs under UV illumination reach 17.4 V and 696 µA, respectively. After rectification, the AC electricity can be further transformed into direct-current (DC) electricity and stored in a capacitor to serve as a power system to actuate typical microelectronics. The output performance of PME-NGs is closely related to the hard segment content of the PME polyurethane and the radius of counter anions in the dipole units. Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to confirm the existence of the PME effect and the detailed mechanism about the generation of AC electricity in PME-NGs is proposed, referring to the back and forth drift of induced electrons on the two electrodes in contact with the PME polyurethanes.
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