RSC Advances
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2024
·Vol. 14
·期 17
·11992-12008
·
IF 3.9
Xinyu Pan,Jian Pan,Zhuoqun Li,Wenqiang Gai,Guangshun Dong,Min Huang,Lilan Huang
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) is considered an ideal membrane material for the treatment of complex environmental water due to its exceptional thermal stability and chemical resistance. Thus, to expand its application in the field of nanofiltration (NF) membranes, in this study, N-methylglucamine (N-MG) was used to hydrophilically modify PVDF-CTFE, overcoming the inherent hydrophobicity of PVDF-CTFE as a porous substrate membrane, which leads to difficulties in controlling the interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction and instability of the separation layer structure. The –OH present in N-MG could replace the C–Cl bond in the CTFE chain segment, thus enabling the hydrophilic graft modification of PVDF-CTFE. The influence of the addition of N-MG on the surface and pore structure, wettability, permeability, ultrafiltration separation, and mechanical properties of the PVDF-CTFE substrate membrane was studied. According to the comparison of the comprehensive capabilities of the prepared porous membranes, the M4 membrane with the addition of 1.5 wt% N-MG exhibited the best hydrophilicity and permeability, indicating that it is a desirable modified membrane for use as an NF substrate membrane. The experiments showed that the rejection of Na2SO4 by the NF membrane was 96.5% and greater than 94.0% for various dyes. In the test using dye/salt mixed solution, this membrane exhibited a good separation selectivity (CR/NaCl = 177.8) and long-term operational stability.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Tiandi Pan,Zhibo Huang,Jianquan Zhang,Ning Tang,Ermiao Wu,Peijian Du,Youna Liu,Xiaofei Liu
Nanofiber membranes are widely used to separate water-in-oil emulsions. However, the membrane fouling from surfactant absorption reduces the permeation flux, while pressure-driven induces nanofiber slippage due to weak inter-fiber adhesion, leading to pore enlargement and a reduction in separation efficiency. To address these problems, this study developed gradient structure nanofiber composite membrane by in-situ growth ZnO nanowires on PVDF nanofibers through hydrothermal synthesis and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The introduction of ZnO nanowires increases the surface roughness, endowing the membrane with superhydrophobicity, thus excellent the anti-fouling properties. Additionally, by virtue of the gradient growth ZnO nanowires, the pore size of membrane showed a trend from small to large. The top layer with small pore could efficiently collect micro-sized water droplets from the emulsions. The bottom PVDF nanofibers possessed large pore and high porosity, ensuring high permeation flux. As a result, the optimized membrane achieved a separation efficiency of 99.2 %, permeation flux of up to 7554 L m −2 h −1 for water-in-xylene emulsion under the driving pressure of 20 kPa. Besides, the obtained membrane exhibited favorable reusability with efficiency 91.1 % for water-in-diesel emulsion after 10 cycles. The work provides a way to construct gradient structured membrane for high efficiency and rapid water removal from oil products.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Nannan Zhou,Nan Wang,Han Wang,Huimin Xie,Yangxi Zhang,Hongrui Ao
Piezoelectric auxetic metamaterials with microstructures hold significant promise for the design of force and tactile sensors. Here, a maskless ultraviolet (UV) lithography-based optical 3D μ-printing with high-resolution, rapid prototyping, and customized fabrication is reported to prepare polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based flexible piezoelectric sensors. With customized crosslinking for the mixture of PVDF solutions, acrylate resins, and additives, these sensors feature 2D negative Poisson’s ratio (2D-NPR) metamaterial networks and 3D microgrid structures on flexible substrates, offering optimized mechanical and electrical properties. Initially, the 2D-NPR metamaterial networks demonstrate a sensitivity of 2.09 mV/°, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30.87 dB for detecting bending behaviors. Additionally, further mechanical designs on 3D arrayed pyramid-shaped (AP-S) sensors with microgrid structures and electronic code locks composed of this sensor array significantly enhance their versatility in detecting vector loads and gesture codes. Notably, compared to planar PVDF sensors, the performance of this 3D microgrid structure sensor has been significantly improved by 1.53-fold, with a 4.25-fold enhancement for the limits of detection. Moreover, the proposed 2D and 3D sensors provide exceptional temperature stability and hysteresis characteristics. Leveraging machine learning algorithms, these flexible piezoelectric sensors can accurately detect human rehabilitation states, marking significant progress in advanced wearable electronics.
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Nanomaterials
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 8
·569
·
IF 4.3
Jin Hu,Fangfang Liu
The low energy density (Ud) of polymeric dielectrics is unfavorable for the integration and miniaturization of electronics, thus limiting their application prospects. Introducing high-εr(dielectric constant) ceramic nanofillers to polymer matrices is the most common strategy to enhance theirεr,and hence theirUd. By comparison, enhancing breakdown strength (Eb) is a more effective strategy to enhanceUd. Herein, 0.6BaTiO3-0.4Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3and 0.85BaTiO3-0.15Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3nanofibers coated with SiO2were utilized as fillers in PVDF-based nanocomposites. The combination of experimental and simulation results suggests that the intrinsic properties of nanofillers are the determining factor of theEbof polymer-based nanocomposites, and SiO2coating and film structure design are effective strategies to enhance theirEb, and consequently theirUd. As a result, the sandwich-structured PVDF/6 wt% 0.85BaTiO3-0.15Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3@SiO2nanofiber within PVDF/PVDF nanocomposite films achieved a maximumUdof 11.1 J/cm3at anEbof 458 MV/m, which are 2.15 and 1.40 times those of pristine PVDF, respectively.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9
Han Wang,Xiaolong Tian,Xiaoyi Liu,Jian Cui,Ailin Gao,Yehai Yan
Membrane distillation (MD) technology is crucial for achieving zero discharge of hypersaline wastewater. However, its practical application has been hindered by low permeation flux. This study presents a hydrogel-coated Janus membrane (JM), developed through controlled interfacial free radical polymerization (IFRP) on a self-fabricated hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate under ultraviolet irradiation. Microscopic images show that the in-situ synthesized hydrogel infiltrated into the nanoscale pores of the PVDF substrate, forming a stable "physical interlocking" composite structure with an impressive hydrophilic modification depth of 42 μm. MD performance results indicate that the optimized M-P2H4 JMs achieve remarkable water vapor flux of 42.14 L m -2 h -1 , while maintaining stable flux and salt retention across various salt concentrations (3.5wt%-20wt%). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a strong interaction energy between the synthesized hydrogel layer and water molecules. Dark evaporation tests, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis show that the hydrogel networks increase intermediate water proportion and remarkably reduce evaporation enthalpy. Higher specific surface area is measured for the microsphere-based PVDF membrane, thereby increasing the evaporation area. The combination of the reduced evaporation energy barrier and increased evaporation area of M-P2H4 result in its excellent evaporation efficiency, which also presents excellent resistance to surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water brine emulsions. This study offers valuable insights into designing JM with high flux capability and superior anti-fouling properties.
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POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Qianqian Yu,Haijun Wang,Yisha Ma
This study presents a sustainable bio-composite strategy enhancing the dielectric energy storage performance of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) through acetate-modified zein proteins. The amphiphilic structure of denatured zein, featuring exposed -OH, -NH 2 , C=O, and -COOH groups, enables multipoint hydrogen bonding with PVDF chains. These interactions achieve dual key effects: promoting β-phase crystallization in PVDF to significantly increase the dielectric constant by 40% without elevating dielectric loss, while simultaneously forming hydrogen bond-mediated physical crosslinking networks. This network not only homogenizes electric field distribution and suppresses space charge accumulation but, crucially, counteracts the potential increase in dipole relaxation losses associated with reduced crystallinity by effectively restricting polymer chain mobility. The optimized microstructure delivered exceptional electrical properties including high breakdown strength, an energy density of 11.31 J/cm 3 , and 83.44% energy efficiency at the maximum field, surpassing most reported PVDF composites. Unlike traditional inorganic fillers, this bio-derived modifier addresses crystalline limitations and interfacial defects while avoiding the brittleness associated with chemical crosslinking. This work fundamentally elucidates protein-polymer interfacial synergy and establishes a scalable, eco-friendly paradigm for high-performance dielectric composites, offering significant energy storage potential.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·Vol. 142
·期 39
·e57531
·
IF 2.8
Dawei Gao,Haixiang Wang,Qiaoli Lu,Chao Ye,Wang Lili
Piezoelectric sensors are critical components in advancing smart electronic devices, offering significant potential for energy harvesting and self-powered applications in flexible and wearable technologies. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) are recognized for their exceptional piezoelectric properties, with monolayer MoS 2 effectively enhancing the piezoelectric response. This study innovatively fabricates PVDF/MoS 2 composite films via electrospinning, directly inducing polar β -phase crystal formation in PVDF and significantly enhancing piezoelectric performance. Furthermore, PVDF micro- and nanoparticles were electrostatically deposited onto the PVDF/MoS 2 films, resulting in a P-PVDF/MoS 2 composite with enhanced mechanical and piezoelectric properties. Under a mechanical force of 3 N at 2 Hz, the fabricated sensor achieved an output voltage of 5 V, a short-circuit current of 0.08 μA, and a power density of 3.5 mW/m 2 , representing increases of 552% in voltage, 33% in current, and 192% in power density compared to pure PVDF sensors. The highly flexible composite demonstrates significant potential as a wearable self-powered sensor and energy harvester, addressing applications in artificial intelligence and wireless technologies.
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Nano Energy
·
2020
·
IF 16.602
Shengrui Yu,Yongkang Zhang,Zhaohan Yu,Jiaqi Zheng,Yunming Wang,Huamin Zhou
Limited by the inherent properties of being difficult to be polarized due to its high resistance, PVDF bulk material with high β-phase content is hard to obtain by conventional methods which are suitable for membrane material. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for the mass production of high-performance β-PVDF-based piezoelectric and triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (PTNG) employing large-scale PVDF films or bulks by using liquid nitrogen to induce a phase transition and in-situ doped conductive polyaniline (PANI). Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) with high piezoelectric coefficient , filled with PANI as a conductive material and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) for increasing porosity, is hot pressed to obtain a composite piezoelectric polymer for PTNG. The subsequent “quenching” process of the piezoelectric polymer allows its high content of β-phase, which in turn makes the PTNG exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties . The optimal output of the PTNG, with a β-phase content of up to 71%, reaches 246 V and 122 μA at the frequency of 30 Hz and pressure of 0.31 MPa, and the power density is calculated to be 6.69 W/m 2 . Moreover, the PTNG can directly light up 119 blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a size of 3 mm in series. The excellent performance verifies the reliability and accuracy of the method, that is, the β-phase transformation of disordered amorphous PVDF occurs at low temperature and high-rate quenching, and PANI opens the channel for carriers to move charge in the bulk material. This innovative method presented here is a simple and efficient approach for preparation of bulks with high β-phase and low internal resistance, which undoubtedly provides a feasible direction for the industrialization of high-performance PENGs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
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COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 4.873
Penghao Hu,Shengmin Gao,Yangyang Zhang,Liang Zhang,Chengchen Wang
Dielectric capacitors are promising in micro-electronics, portable equipment and hybrid electric vehicles due to their specific features of flexibility, ultrahigh operating voltage and fast charging-discharging rate. The dielectric properties of polymer-based nanocomposite are much related to the interface binding between fillers and matrix. In this work, a surface modification approach employed newfound titanate coupling agent was developed to improve the compatibility between BT nanoparticles and PVDF matrix. After treated by the modifier TC-2, a coating layer contained with active organic groups was formed on the surface of BT nanoparticles. Benefited from the improved dispersibility and compatibility of modified BT nanoparticles in PVDF matrix, the breakdown strength of the nanocomposites was much enhanced. The monodisperse mBT-2 nanoparticles treated with appropriate amount of modifier dramatically enlarged the breakdown strength from 397 kV/mm for neat PVDF to 517 kV/mm for 4 vol% mBT-2 loading nanocomposite. Compared with BT/PVDF, the improvements on the energy storage performance in mBT-2/PVDF are significant. The maximum discharged energy density of 11.27 J/cm 3 for 4 vol% loading mBT-2/PVDF is nearly double of that for 4 vol% loading BT/PVDF, and the energy efficiency for mBT-2/PVDF is also increased. The modification method originally represented here has great potential in developing high energy density nanocomposites for advanced applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电介质物理
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 33
·期 2
·44
·
IF 2.8
Hu Jun,Cheng Xiquan,Zhang Guoke,Zhang Yingjie,Wang Kai
Multifaceted bio-contamination, including natural organic matter (NOM) and microbial colonization, challenges the application of hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes in water purification. To address organic and biofouling, a UV irradiation grafting strategy is developed to fabricate dual-functional PVDF membranes with integrated antibacterial and anti-fouling capabilities. Two quaternary ammonium salts (QAS)—short-chain allyltrimethylammonium chloride (ATMAC, C6) and long-chain methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC, C9)—are grafted onto PVDF membranes. Herein, C6 and C9 denote quaternary ammonium salts bearing hexyl and nonyl alkyl substituents, respectively. The best surface modification induced a 43.4% reduction in water contact angle (88.5° to 45.1°), demonstrating significantly enhanced hydrophilic characteristics of the modified membranes, surfaces with enhanced positive character (zeta potential shifted from − 30.22 mV to − 20.15 mV), and dual antifouling mechanisms via pore-clogging mitigation and hydration layer formation. The PVDF membrane grafted with 7.5 wt% DMC demonstrates optimal performance, achieving a 98.5% flux recovery ratio during sodium alginate filtration and > 99% bactericidal efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus . By grafting QAS(e.g., DMC/ATMAC) onto PVDF membranes, this approach mitigates irreversible fouling while sustaining long-term antimicrobial activity, providing a robust solution for biofouling-resistant membranes in sustainable water treatment. Graphical abstract
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Materials Today Nano
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Le Yin,Mu Hu,Yajie Liu,Yang You,Yuan Wang,Shaojun Yuan
Efficient separation of oil–water emulsion remains a persistent challenge in wastewater treatment, as conventional membranes often suffer from fouling, poor recyclability, and lack of dynamic control. Here, we report a light-triggered thermo-responsive superwetting nanofiber membrane (PPZ@GO) that combines electrospun PNIPAM/PVDF nanofibers with graphene oxide (GO) and in situ grown bimetallic CoZn–ZIF frameworks. In this hybrid design, PVDF provides mechanical robustness, PNIPAM enables reversible thermo-responsive wettability, GO facilitates rapid photothermal heating, and CoZn–ZIF imparts hierarchical roughness and enhanced interfacial functionality. The optimized [email protected] % membrane exhibits rapid photothermal heating to 48.6 °C within 20 s under simulated solar light, enabling reversible wettability switching between underwater superoleophobicity (light off, below LCST) and under-oil superhydrophobicity (light on, above LCST). This dual-mode response allows on-demand separation of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, achieving fluxes above 2000 L m −2 h −1 and 1000 L m −2 h −1 , respectively, with separation efficiencies exceeding 99 %. The membrane further demonstrates excellent antifouling resistance, mechanical durability, and stable performance across repeated cycles. By integrating photothermal conversion with thermo-responsive switching in a nanofibrous MOF–polymer scaffold, this work provides a versatile strategy for designing smart, energy-efficient membranes, offering broad potential for next-generation oily wastewater remediation and advanced separation technologies.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
·
2015
·
IF 2.495
Xiaoqin Wang,Yong Zhang,Qiangqiang Xu,Jinxin Xu,Bohua Wu,Min Gong,Jia Chu,Shanxin Xiong
A low-cost quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 1.79% was assembled using PVDF-based gel electrolyte plasticized by PC–EC and electrodeposited Pt counter electrodes. Its morphology, chemical structure, electrochemical and photoelectric properties were examined by SEM, FTIR, EIS and I – V tests, respectively. The results showed that PC–EC plasticized gel electrolyte can greatly prevent the α-phase formation of PVDF, and had the loose structure & many interpenetrating holes due to the effective intercalation of PC & EC into PVDF chains through their dipole interaction. It made the migration or diffusion of iodide ions to electrodes easier. Furthermore, its conductivity was increased to 2.34 mS/cm from 1.00 mS/cm of unplasticized gel electrolyte. V oc , J sc , FF & η values of DSSC plasticized by PC–EC were all enhanced. Compared with Pt electrode obtained by thermal decomposition, electrodeposited Pt electrode had the lower charge-transfer resistance and the better contact with gel electrolyte in quasi-solid DSSC due to its orderly grain arrangement, more even, denser and larger active surface. Meanwhile, its process also had little influence on ITO sheet resistance. Thus, its quasi-solid DSSC has the higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
可再生能源
·
电化学
·
太阳能电池
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