Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society
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2018
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·385-392
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IF 1.593
Xu Wenjing,Chen Yizhen,Kang Jianxun,Li Baojun
The hybrid nanocomposites ZIF@L composed of Zn-based MOFs (ZIF-8) and lignin were successfully synthesized via a simple one-step method at room temperature. The yield of the hybrid nanocomposites ZIF@L were up to 52% and the synthesis time was greatly shortened. Characterization using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and N 2 -sorption analysis indicated that ZIF@L composites exhibited rhombic dodecahedral structure such as the parent ZIF-8 synthesized in the absence of lignin and the incorporation of lignin did not destroy the framework integrity of ZIF-8. The ZIF@L composites were used to remove methyl violet (MV). The ZIF@L nanocomposites had a remarkable improvement in adsorption capacity of MV compared with the parent ZIF-8. The modified Langmuir model fitted better the equilibrium data of MV adsorption on the ZIF@L-4 composite and the maximum adsorption capacity of MV is 1001.2 mg g −1 . The pseudo-second-order model could describe well the kinetics process of MV dye onto the prepared adsorbents.
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
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2018
·Vol. 29
·期 12
·3142-3150
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IF 2.137
Si Chen,Shichao Lin,Yan Hu,Meng Ma,Yanqin Shi,Junding Liu,Feng Zhu,Xu Wang
The fast biodegradation rate and inflammability of polybutylene succinate (PBS) severely restrict its applications in many areas. To solve the above problems and broaden its applications, herein, a halogen-free flame retardant (CP-lignin) based on lignin was successfully synthesized. After adding 30 wt% CP-lignin into PBS, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of PBS are remarkably reduced by 27 and 31%, respectively. Additionally, the higher char yield was beneficial to improving the flame retardant properties of PBS. After adding 10 wt% CP-lignin, the ratio of weight loss is reduced by about 33%, and the ratio of weight loss is decreased gradually as the CP-lignin loading increases. This research provides a reasonably way to make full use of the lignin and to broaden the application of PBS. At the same time, it also provides a new idea for the production and preparation of completely biodegradable materials.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2018
·
IF 6.14
Binpeng Zhang,Dongjie Yang,Huan Wang,Yong Qian,JinHao Huang,Lixuan Yu,Xueqing Qiu
Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL), from straw bioethanol process, was activated using NaOH/urea aqueous solution under low temperature condition to enhance its sulfonation degree and dispersion property. The sulfonation degree of EHL increased by 62.60% after the activation of NaOH/urea aqueous solution at −10 °C for 12 h, which is resulted from the breakage of the hydrogen bonds and ether bonds in lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and the removal of residual carbohydrate. The functional group content, 2D-HSQC, and AFM analysis indicated that the increase of phenolic groups and the weakened aggregation degree of EHL after the activation are in favor of the increase of activity sites and decrease of steric hindrance, which is beneficial to the enhancement of sulfomethylation reactivity. Owing to the enhancement of reactivity, the dispersion properties of sulfomethylated EHL on graphite suspension were significantly enhanced.
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APPLIED ENERGY
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2014
·
IF 5.261
Jinxing Long,Ying Xu,Tiejun Wang,Zhengqiu Yuan,Riyang Shu,Qi Zhang,Longlong Ma
Serious char formation caused by the repolymerization of unsaturated decomposition products is a considerable challenge for current lignin utilization. Here, a novel and efficient base-catalyzed depolymerization and in situ hydrogenolysis process for lignin decomposition and char elimination was proposed using the synergic catalyst of NaOH coordinated with Ru/C. In which, lignin was first depolymerized to phenolic monomer and its oligomer, and then the oligomer was further converted to more stable aliphatic alcohols simultaneously. The results showed that more than 92.5% of lignin was converted, giving 12.69% phenolic monomer, 6.12% aliphatic alcohol and less than 14.03% residual solid. This residual solid selectivity was far lower than it from the single catalyst condition. Furthermore, the products were analyzed using GC–MS, GPC, HPLC–MS and 1 H NMR. The synergistic effect between depolymerization and hydrogenolysis was also investigated through comparative analysis of the feedstock, products, and the recovered lignin.
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MATERIALS LETTERS
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2014
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IF 2.269
Zibin Guo,Zhe Liu,Li Ye,Kaikai Ge,Tong Zhao
Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin (LPF) derived submicron carbon fibers were successfully prepared by using LPF which was synthesized by using lignin as partial substitution of phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin as precursor. The carbon fibers were obtained through electrospinning the LPF/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/dimethylformamide (DMF) solution followed by successive stabilization with BN preceramic polymer and carbonization processes. The chemical structure of LPF resin was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the morphology properties of carbon fibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that stabilized by immerging in BN precursor solution and then stabilized at 250 °C in the air, the morphology generated during the electrospinning processing was successfully retained throughout the stabilization and carbonization processes. LPF derived carbon fibers exhibited homogeneous diameter distribution and smooth surface.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2014
·
IF 5.039
Riyang Shu,Jinxing Long,Zhengqiu Yuan,Qi Zhang,Tiejun Wang,Chenguang Wang,Longlong Ma
An efficient lignin depolymerization process with highly controllable product distribution was presented using metal chloride (MCl x ) cooperated with Pd/C. The catalytic performances of MCl x were investigated. The effect of reaction conditions on the lignin depolymerization and products distribution were also studied. Results showed that more than 35.4% yield of phenolic monomer including 7.8% phenols and 1.1% guaiacols could be obtained under optimized condition. And the product distribution can be efficiently controlled by the modification of the metal cation through different pathway of Lewis acid catalysis and coordination catalysis. Furthermore, the Pd/C catalyst showed an excellent recyclability, where no significant loss of the catalytic activity was exhibited after 3 runs. Moreover, the product control mechanism was proposed.
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PubMed
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2016
·
IF 3.847
Xinping Ouyang,Tao Ruan,Xueqing Qiu
Lignin was hydrothermal oxidation depolymerized by using H 2 O 2 as the oxidant and CuO/Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 /NaOH as catalysts. The effect of the solvents, including water, methanol, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran , ethanol, and their co-solvent, on the depolymerization of lignin were investigated. It is found that the yield of monophenolic compounds reaches 17.92% by using 1:1 (v/v) of methanol/water as the reaction medium. The suitable proportion of methanol to water not only effectively maintains the alkalinity of the reaction medium and the solubility of lignin, but also suppresses the demethoxylation during the process of depolymerization reaction, resulting in an increase of contents of syringyl style monophenolic compounds which prevents the re-polymerization. Consequently, the yield of monophenolic compounds is increased.
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JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2016
·
IF 1.83
Zhijie Du,Wenzhi Li,Zhiping Xu,Hao Wu,Hasan Jameel,Hou-Min Chang,Long-Long Ma
Effects of a photocatalyst, C60-modified Bi2TiO4F2, on pine kraft lignin under visible light irradiation were investigated, along with those of Bi2TiO4F2 and C60/TiO2 as references. The influences of pH, C60 mass fraction, and the initial lignin concentration on lignin conversion and yields of mono-phenolic products were investigated. Seven products were determined by GC/MS, including phenol, 2-methoxyphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, vanillin, acetovanillone, and homovanillic acid. The yields of products and lignin conversion were higher by C60/Bi2TiO4F2 than Bi2TiO4F2 and C60/TiO2. C60/Bi2TiO4F2 and C60/TiO2 were more stable than Bi2TiO4F2 upon repetitive recycling of catalyst. The effectiveness of C60/Bi2TiO4F2 declines 25%, whereas that of Bi2TiO4F2 declines 56.4% after being recycled five times. FTIR and HRTEM indicated that the deactivation of photocatalysts might be caused by lignin adsorbed on the surface of photocatalysts and the change in the crystal structure.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2016
·
IF 5.31
Zhili Li,Junyi Chen,Yuanyuan Ge
Water contamination is one of the most serious problems afflicting people throughout the world, innovation of nanomaterials with eco-friendliness is important for a greener environment. Here, an eco-friendly nanocomposite based on lignin grafted carbon nanotubes (L-CNTs) is reported as a new type of adsorbent for water remediation. By integrating the tridimensional structure, oxygen-containing functional groups and eco-friendliness of lignin with the high surface area and mechanical stability of CNTs, the as-prepared nanocomposite not only possesses a good water-dispersibility and eco-friendliness, but also exhibits an excellent adsorption capability for lead ion and oil droplet. It shows a high distribution coefficient for lead ion ( K d = 3.6 × 10 5 mL/g) that is comparable to some benchmark materials, including mesoporous carbon and metal-organic frameworks. The large surface area and tridimensional structure also endows L-CNTs with a high removal efficiency for oil droplet from water. Moreover, the cost of the nanocomposite has been minimized by incorporation of the low cost lignin. These results demonstrate the as-obtained nanocomposite with a natural polymer layer has advanced adsorption capability, low-in cost and eco-friendliness, and accordingly is an ideal candidate for water cleanup.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 5.651
Chenglun Tang,Junqiang Shan,Yanjun Chen,Lingxia Zhong,Tao Shen,Chenjie Zhu,Hanjie Ying
A novel and efficient organic amine and organosolv synergetic pretreatment method was developed to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose to produce fermentable sugars and high-quality salt-free lignin. After optimization of the process parameters, a delignification of 81.7% and total sugar yield of 83.2% (87.1% glucose, 75.4% xylose) could be obtained using n -propylamine (10 mmol/g, biomass) as a catalyst and aqueous ethanol (60%, v/v) as a solvent. The susceptibility of the substrates to enzymatic digestibility was explained by their physical and chemical characteristics. The physical structure of extracted lignin showed higher β -aryl ether bonds content and functionalities, offering the potential for further downstream upgrading. The role of organic amine catalyst and a synergistic mechanism is proposed for the present system.
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Scientific Reports
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·1-10
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IF 5.228
Zhang Huiyan,Wang Yun,Shao Shanshan,Xiao Rui
Lignin is the most difficult to be converted and most easy coking component in biomass catalytic pyrolysis to high-value liquid fuels and chemicals. Catalytic conversion of guaiacol as a lignin model compound was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor over ZSM-5 to investigate its conversion and coking behaviors. The effects of temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and partial pressure on product distribution were studied. The results show the maximum aromatic carbon yield of 28.55% was obtained at temperature of 650 °C, WHSV of 8 h −1 and partial pressure of 2.38 kPa, while the coke carbon yield was 19.55%. The reaction pathway was speculated to be removing methoxy group to form phenols with further aromatization to form aromatics. The amount of coke increased with increasing reaction time. The surface area and acidity of catalysts declined as coke formed on the acid sites and blocked the pore channels, which led to the decrease of aromatic yields. Finally, a kinetic model of guaiacol catalytic conversion considering coke deposition was built based on the above reaction pathway to properly predict product distribution. The experimental and model predicting data agreed well. The correlation coefficient of all equations were all higher than 0.90.
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RSC Advances
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2016
·Vol. 6
·期 81
·77143-77150
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IF 3.289
Huajun Zhao,Qiujun Wang,Yonghong Deng,Qiao Shi,Yong Qian,Bingbing Wang,Lei Lü,Xueqing Qiu
For the common concern that general lignin-based colloidal spheres suffer the weakness of spherical structure destruction during the pyrolysis process, novel uniform lignin-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres were prepared by direct pyrolysis of lignin-based azo polymer (AL-azo-NO2) colloidal spheres at 750 °C. In addition, a kind of hard carbon with high graphitization degree was also prepared as a control by direct pyrolysis of alkali lignin (AL). The morphology and structure of the as-obtained carbon materials were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectra and elemental analysis. They served as anodes in lithium-ion batteries with the aim to investigate the electrochemical performance. These two kinds of lignin-derived carbon materials exhibited different electrochemical performances due to their various structures and functional groups. The nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (CSAN-750) exhibited a high cyclic stable capacity up to 225 mA h g−1 at a current density of 60 mA g−1 after 50 cycles (CAL-750, 120 mA h g−1) coupled with high first coulombic efficiency up to 66.4% for CSAN-3000 with a cyclic capacity of 200 mA h g−1, which is more comparable to that of the CAL-3000 (53.3%, 199 mA h g−1). This research indicates the great promise of lignin applied in producing hard carbon materials and further energy storage systems.
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