Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.4
Chao Yang,Xueying Zhao,Yunlong Zhao,Chenchen Ji,Ronglan Wu,Lu Wang,Xueqing Shao
CuO x -decorated TiO 2 (CuO x /TiO 2 ) nanoparticles have been prepared by the pyrolysis of Cu(II) complex on TiO 2 in an oxygen-limited atmosphere. A solution phase deposition method combined with freeze drying was employed for depositing the 2-methylimidazole-Cu(II) complex onto TiO 2 nanoparticles . The effect of decoration of CuO x on TiO 2 nanoparticles in terms of the crystal phase, morphology, chemical compositions , surface area , surface elemental states, optical absorption and emission properties, was investigated using a series of characterization tools. The oxygen-limited pyrolysis of 2-methylimidazole resulted in the reduction of partial Ti 4+ and Cu 2+ ions into Ti 3+ , Cu + and Cu 0 species, respectively. The surface decoration of CuO x was found to improve the separation and migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and increase the life time of excitons. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of CuO x /TiO 2 nanoparticles was evaluated for hydrogen evolution in aqueous methanol solution under UV–visible light irradiation . The CuO x /TiO 2 photocatalyst with the optimal cocatalyst loading achieved hydrogen evolution rate of 4.34 mmol h −1 g −1 , with 71- and 5.5-fold enhancement in activity over neat TiO 2 and CuO x /P25, respectively. It is expected that the combination of deposition and pyrolysis of 2-methylimidazole-Cu(II) complex could be an effective approach for the decoration of Cu and its oxides on other supports.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2024
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IF 6.3
Qiang Wang,Haiqing Hao,Zhengyang Wu,Meng Wang,Zongyu Feng,Yongqi Zhang,Xiangxin Xue,Xiaowei Huang
The MgCl 2 wastewater generated from rare earth extraction and separation process was treated by spray pyrolysis with H 2 O 2 as an additive for the first time, and achieving full recycling of MgCl 2 wastewater. The effect of H 2 O 2 on the spray pyrolysis process, the kinetic of the spray pyrolysis process, and the mechanism of the effect on the activity of MgO powder were investigated. The results showed that H 2 O 2 and the O 2 produced by its decomposition had strong oxidizing property, which contributed to the removal of Cl roots. The kinetic results indicated that the rate determining step of MgCl 2 spray pyrolysis was transformed from chemical reaction to diffusion process after the temperature exceeded 1023 K. The activity study indicated that the doping of Cl led to severe distortion of the MgO grains, and polycrystalline basic magnesium chloride had more defect sites too. Thus, the powder showed high activity. Moreover, the thermal decomposition rate of MgCl 2 reached 99.83 %, the alkalinity of the powder reached 0.044 mol/g, and the iodine absorption value reached 131.81 mg I 2 /g MgO at temperature of 1073 K and amount of H 2 O 2 addition of 1 %. Meanwhile, the high purity hydrochloric acid with concentration of 6.54 mol/L was obtained.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
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2024
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IF 9.7
Tao Chen,Chuan Ma,Ben Wang,Linlin Xu,Wu Yang,Lushi Sun
Pyrolysis has proven an effective method of recycling waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) for high-value product generation. The kinetics and debromination studies on the pyrolysis of WPCBs with copper species was performed using a thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy analyzer and a vertical quartz-tube reactor. A multiple distributed activation energy model (M-DAEM) was applied to illustrate the potential multiple reactions over the thermal decomposition process. The introduction of copper species into WPCBs reduced the initial activation energies, resulting in lower decomposition temperatures. Meanwhile, several distinct subprocesses were observed and resolved by three-reaction models. The addition of CuO obtained the lowest liquid yield (53.9 wt %) and the maximum gas yield (8.9 wt %), and the introduction of Cu 2 O resulted in the highest solid yield (40.4 wt %). Copper particles preserved 57 % of bromine in residual solid, while CuO and Cu 2 O particles resulted in approximately 65 % and 74 % retention of bromine in the residues, respectively. Particularly, less than 3.7 % of bromine was transferred into the liquid when Cu 2 O was added. The optimal debromination performance of Cu 2 O was attributed to its effective capture capacity of HBr/Br 2 , fairly high catalytic efficiency on dissociating C–Br bond, and multipath conversion of organobromine to cross-linked carbonaceous compounds.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 5.1
Chao-Jie Wang,Chen-Chen Guo,Le-Xi Zhang,Qi-Da Qiu,Quan-Wei Song,Yan-Yan Yin,Li-Jian Bie
Recently, lead-free halide perovskites have made outstanding achievements in gas/humidity sensors, yet their comprehensive performance still needs to be further optimized. Herein, CsCl@Cs 2 SnCl 6 composites with various CsCl contents were synthesized by in-situ pyrolysis of lead-free halide perovskite Cs 2 SnCl 6 micro-octahedra at different temperatures. After structural, morphological and optical characterization, CsCl@Cs 2 SnCl 6 composites were explored as humidity sensing materials for the first time. Compared with pristine and pyrolytic samples, Cs 2 SnCl 6 calcined at 300 °C (CSC-3) exhibited the best humidity sensing performance. The CSC-3 sensor has the characteristics of high response (1.6 × 10 5 ), small hysteresis (1.1 %), fast response speed (14 s) and good stability (30 d), enabling robust real-time touchless physiological humidity monitoring of human respiration and finger perspiration. In addition, the humidity sensing mechanism was discussed by complex impedance analysis, confirming the sensitization effect of CsCl on Cs 2 SnCl 6 perovskites. This study provides efficient CsCl@Cs 2 SnCl 6 composites for human body related humidity detection, moreover, gives new insights into electrolyte-sensitization strategy of lead-free halide perovskites for high-performance sensory devices.
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高影响因子
FUEL
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2024
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IF 6.7
Dongdong Chen,Dongyang Liu,Liang Zhao,Jinsen Gao,Chunming Xu
Promoting hexane activation to further improve propylene selectivity has been a challenge. In this study, the activation mechanisms of hexane on Brønsted acid sites (BAS) of ZSM-5, on metal-doped Lewis acid sites (LAS) and on mixed systems with olefins have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT), microkinetics and experiments. DFT results show strong BAS are more favorable for the activation of hexane compared to weak BAS. The existence of two mechanisms for the activation of hexane under LAS. The activation of hexane to generate hexene and hydrogen on the LAS under M−I type metal doping, Ni and Cu belong to the M−I type metals, where Ni metal promotes C–H bond breaking more effectively (136.11 kJ/mol). On the other hand, under M−II type metal doping, the activation of hexane to produce hexyl carbenium ions, Co, Mn, Fe, and Zn belong to the M−II type metals, with Co metal exhibiting the highest efficiency in promoting C–H bond cleavage (18.56 kJ/mol). Among the mixed systems of olefin and hexane, the mixed system of pentene and hexane was chosen to be more effective. Microkinetics revealed that reactions occurred at lower temperatures on LAS compared to BAS. Furthermore, the capability to promote hexane activation was ranked as follows: LAS>olefin addition > BAS, which is consistent with the experimental results. To further promote hexane activation, it is necessary to dope the catalyst with Co metals and reduce the reaction temperature appropriately. Additionally, a small amount of olefin can be added in the process. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of catalysts and optimization of operation conditions.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 13.3
Ronghao Wu,Zhenjun Zhang,Bing Yu,Zuliang Chen
The management of rare earth elements (REEs) from mining wastewater has consistently a key issue. Our previous research has demonstrated the selective adsorption of REEs in mining wastewater by ZIF-8. Herein, one-step pyrolysis of ZIF-8 after recovering REEs from mining wastewater as a high-value product was further proposed. The resulting REEs-based magnetic nanoporous carbon materials (REEs-MPC) was utilized for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA). Experimental results indicate substantial BPA removal efficiencies of 74.62 %, 83.57 %, and 70.06 % with REEs-MPC synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C). The detailed characterizations reveal the REEs-MPC at 800 °C was obtained (REEs-MPC/800) exhibit prominent graphitic and defective characteristics. In addition, electrochemical analysis revealed that the REEs-MPC/800 demonstrate elevated conductivity and superior capacitive current, with Tafel slopes as high as 294 mV/dec. Functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the presence of graphitic-N and REEs-N species significantly enhance PMS activation. Finally, a neural network model constructed through machine learning techniques provided a comprehensive overview of the structure–property relationship. Overall, the proposal to synthesize a high-value product using mining wastewater has been put forward. This initiative is expected to contribute to the advancement of the green economy within the rare earth mining industry.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Juan Cai,Boyan Zhang,Jiatao Dang,Yunpeng Zhao,Dingcheng Liang,Qiang Xie,Jinchang Liu
The migration, transformation, and enrichment of strategic metal elements in coal in the process of coal processing and utilization are significant for their effective extraction and application. In this work, the migration, transformation, and enrichment of Li, Ga, Ge, In, and Re during coal pyrolysis were investigated by six-step sequential chemical extraction. The results showed that Li mainly exists in a residual state in raw coal and pyrolytic products under 500 ℃; however, the content of sulfide state Li increases largely when the pyrolysis temperature exceeds 500 ℃. Ga mainly enriches in residual form, and the content of Ga in the residual state rises with the pyrolysis temperature increasing. Ge mainly presents in the form of carbonate-binding state, sulfide state, and residual state. As the temperature rises to higher than 500 ℃, Ge combines with the carbon and oxygen compounds produced by pyrolysis to form a carbonate-binding state, resulting in a significant increase in its content. The content of Ge in the residual state also increases significantly. The ratio of carbonate-binding state and organic state In gradually decreases with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, while that of residual state In gradually increases. Due to the low content of Re, the reliability of the test results is poor. However, Re may exist in sulfide, organic, and residual states. With the pyrolysis temperature increasing, Li, Ga, Ge, In, and Re in pyrolysis products are more likely to combine with aluminosilicate than those in raw coal.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Liwei Ma,Jing Weng,Junjie Xue
Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and hydrogen donors is one of the important ways to improve the quality of bio-oil. The hydrogen transfer pathways in co-pyrolysis are significant yet remain vague. In this study, an isotopic labeling method to label glucose (G) with deuterium (D) atoms was used to trace the hydrogen. The results show the catalysts influence the hydrogen transformation significantly and selectively. The shift of the infrared (IR) peaks proves that the hydrogen atoms in products - phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and olefins contain both hydrogen from polypropylene (PP) and deuterium from G. While the hydrogen in aromatic rings, - CH 3 and - CH 2 all come from polypropylene. Furthermore, the deuterium atoms from G only enter the olefin products with catalyst potassium chloride (KCl) or activated carbon (AC). On the other hand, the oxygenated compound products mainly contain hydrogen atoms from polypropylene with any of the three catalysts. The potassium chloride helps the hydrogen from polypropylene transfer to the products of mainly phenols, aldehydes and alcohols. The AC transfers the hydrogen from polypropylene to the products of carboxylic acid, aldehydes, and phenols. For the ZSM-5, it helps the hydrogen from polypropylene transfer to the products of carboxylic acid and aldehydes. The results of this study are useful for improving the effective hydrogen content of the mixed pyrolysis reaction of biomass.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2018
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IF 3.468
Hao Chen,Hao Cheng,Feng Zhou,Kequan Chen,Kai Qiao,Xiuyang Lu,Pingkai Ouyang,Jie Fu
The synthesis of highly selective catalysts for the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass into valuable aromatics remains a challenge. This report describes the synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts by the NaOH desilication of conventional HZSM-5 for the CFP of rice straw to aromatics in a Tandem μ-reactor system coupled directly to a GC/MS equipped with FID and TCD. Catalysts were treated with a mild HCl wash and metal loading to increase the catalytic activity and reduce the deactivation. The effects of acidity, mesoporosity and incorporation of metals on the production of aromatics were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N 2 adsorption and desorption (N 2 -BET) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH 3 (NH 3 -TPD). The highest total acidity, especially the strong acidity, of the hierarchical ZSM-5 treated by 0.2 and 0.4 NaOH followed by HCl washing (AHZ-0.2 and AHZ-0.4) gave the highest yields of aromatics. Suitable mesopores introduced by alkali treatment enhanced mass transfer of reactants, increasing the yield of aromatics. Finally, the loading of a suitable amount of Ni and Cu produced more aromatics than standard HZSM-5 due to the improved decarboxylation/decarbonylation reactions leading to higher yields of olefins.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Huan Liu,Huili Liu,Jianhang Hu,Wenrui Zhong,Zhikai Hu,Hua Wang
Catalytic lignin pyrolysis for hydrocarbon liquid fuel production offers a viable alternative to fossil fuels . This study investigated the effects of transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) modified composite molecular sieve catalysts on the pyrolysis product distribution and behavior of alkali lignin (AL). AL pyrolysis achieved the highest liquid product yield of 24.50 % at 600 °C, with high temperatures favoring hydrocarbon product formation. Volatile gaseous products from AL pyrolysis included H 2 , CO, CO 2 , phenolic compounds, heteroatomic compounds, and hydrocarbons. Molecular sieve catalyst additions were all favorable to the increase in hydrocarbon content. Compared with ZSM-5 and SBA-15, catalysts processed through acid etching and metal modification exhibited optimized pore structure , acid site distribution, and catalytic performance. Metal-modified composite molecular sieve catalysts (FeZS, CoZS, NiZS, and CuZS) generated more liquid products and promoted hydrocarbon formation. Notably, Cu-modified ZS catalysts exhibited superior acid site distribution and specific surface area, considerably reducing oxygenated compounds in the products. A higher catalyst-to-feedstock ratio increased the number of catalytically active sites, facilitating the cracking and deoxygenation of oxygenated components and generating more hydrocarbon products. The highest hydrocarbon yield for AL with a catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 10:1 under CuZS was 92.25 %, with 66.07 % being monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and 61.72 % benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene , and xylenes (BTEX). Additionally, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses revealed a substantial decrease in the average activation energy (E α ) of AL and a reduction in entropy value with the CuZS catalyst, indicating enhanced pyrolytic reactivity of AL. Therefore, the proposed method is highly effective for producing highly selective hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis of AL.
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高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 9
Ruihan Dong,Ziyue Tang,Yang Yang,Yingquan Chen,Xianhua Wang,Wei Cheng,Haiping Yang,Hanping Chen
The thermodynamics and kinetics effects of activators on the simultaneous activation pyrolysis of microalgae remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of activators (KOH, KHCO 3 , CH 3 COOK, K 2 CO 3 ) on Spirulina platensis (SP) pyrolysis using thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) and isoconversion methods. The results showed that all activators reduced the initial decomposition temperature of SP, leading to the earlier release of volatile pyrolysis products. Kinetics analysis further revealed that the addition of activators lowered the apparent activation energy ( E α ) in the initial pyrolysis stage of SP. However, as the devolatilization process transitioned to the charring stage, the E α gradually increased, surpassing that of SP pyrolyzed alone. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the carbonization process of microalgae in the presence of activators required higher energy absorption. These findings reveal the mechanisms of activators in microalgae pyrolysis and provide insights into biochar production.
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PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Xiaohua Li,Zhufeng Liu,Shanshan Shao,Yongbo Yu,Weicheng Wang,Tianrui Sun,Shiliang Wu
Steam reforming of bio-oil is a promising technology for the industrial-scale conversion of biomass into hydrogen energy, in which the catalyst plays the crucial role. This study proposes a Ni-Ca-Al-Ce-O catalyst, prepared by CaO loading onto Ni/CeO 2 ·Al 2 O 3 , and tested in the two-stage adsorption-enhanced reforming of biomass pyrolysis oil for hydrogen production. The effects of carrier type and Ni loading on the physicochemical properties of the Ca modified Ni-based reforming catalyst and its reforming performance were investigated, and its reusability was tested finally. The results revealed that more Ni metal active sites are available on CeO 2 ·Al 2 O 3 compared to biochar as carrier. However, side reactions such as ketonization were significantly promoted due to the metal oxides in red mud (RM), resulting in a large amount of methane as a by-product over the Ni/RM catalyst. When Ca additive introduced on the well selected Ni/CeO 2 ·Al 2 O 3 , the selectivity of hydrogen in the reforming gas was enhanced. Meanwhile, more spinel NiAl 2 O 4 was formed due to the interaction between NiO and Al 2 O 3 , which enhanced the stability and activity of the Ni-Ca-Al-Ce-O catalyst. With a Ca/Al ratio of 1:1, Ni was more uniformly dispersed, and the yield and selectivity of hydrogen reached 73.35 % and 76.90 %. In the reusability tests, the yield of hydrogen remained above 60 % after six runs, which was superior to that of similar reforming catalysts, suggesting that the proposed Ni-Ca-Al-Ce-O catalyst is reliable in terms of reusability.
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