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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY · 2026 · IF 15

Engineering Mg-doped CoMo-LDH as an efficient sensitizer for NIR-II light-enhanced photo-sonodynamic therapy and immune activation

Zhang Huifeng,Li Mengyang,Wang Tao,Zhu Huifen,Deng Lin,Guo Fulian,Zhang Zhihua,Hu Tingting,Liang Ruizheng,Cao Min,Li Zhangping

Cancer remains a critical global health burden, posing a severe threat to human life. Photo-sonodynamic therapy (PSDT), which combines photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic (SDT) modalities, has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome limitations in tissue penetration and therapeutic precision. Despite progress, the broader application of PSDT is hindered by PDT’s potential phototoxicity/limited therapeutic penetration depth and SDT’s thermal/mechanical damage under high ultrasound (US) power, as well as the complex synthesis of sensitizers and their suboptimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Here, we engineer Mg-doped defect-rich CoMo-LDH (a-CoMgMo-LDH) nanosheets via a doping-etching strategy to address these challenges, enabling on-demand treatment from superficial to deep-seated tumors. This sensitizer exhibits exceptional dual responsiveness to NIR-II light and US. It achieves a relative singlet oxygen quantum yield (1.53) superior to most reported photosensitizers, while its sonodynamic ROS yield surpasses that of commercial TiO 2 by 22.3 times and outperforms most reported sonosensitizers, ranking among the highest reported. After bovine serum albumin (BSA) functionalization, a-CoMgMo-LDH-BSA triggers ROS-driven apoptosis and immunogenic cell death under dual irradiation, effectively suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. By integrating NIR-II-enhanced PDT/SDT into a single-component platform, this work advances precision oncology with deep-tumor targeting and immune modulation, offering a transformative strategy for clinical translation. Graphical Mg-doped defect-rich CoMo-LDH (a-CoMgMo-LDH) nanosystem is engineered through doping-etching strategy as a new photo-sonosensitizer for highly efficient photo-sonodynamic therapy, which exhibits remarkable ROS generation efficiency under NIR-II/US stimulation, achieving a 1 O 2 quantum yield of 1.53 under NIR-II light irradiation and 22.3 times ROS yields that of commercial TiO 2 under US irradiation, respectively. After bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification, a-CoMgMo-LDH-BSA efficiently kills cancer cells and eliminates tumors by inducing dual-modal ROS generation and immunogenic cell death

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Research · 2026 · IF 12.9

Magnetically navigated and PSMA/STEAP1 dual-targeted nanoliposomes for NIR-II/MRI imaging with photothermal-chemo-immunotherapy for prostate cancer

Jian-Xuan Sun,Ye An,Si-Han Zhang,Jin-Zhou Xu,Abudureyimu Maimaiti,Jing-Yu Xu,Yi-Fan Huang,Yu-Xuan yang,Mei-Cheng Liu,Shao-Gang wang,Qi-Dong Xia

Precision theranostics for castration-resistant prostate cancer remain a major challenge because of tumor heterogeneity, drug toxicity, and resistance to conventional therapies. Here, we report a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform that integrates multimodal imaging guidance, dual-targeted delivery, photothermal therapy, and immune activation for the precision treatment of prostate cancer. By encapsulating aggregation-induced emission luminogens and magnetic nanoparticles, this system achieves superior second near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging fusion for deep-tissue visualization. The dual-targeting strategy, which integrates magnetic navigation with simultaneous engagement of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), effectively addresses tumor heterogeneity by enabling externally guided and biologically specific delivery to both PSMA+ and PSMA− prostate cancer cells. Upon targeted delivery, the synergistic combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy achieves potent tumor growth inhibition, activates CD8+ T cells and macrophages to promote robust antitumor immune responses, and elicits durable immunological memory to prevent tumor recurrence. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate superior tumor targeting specificity, enhanced imaging contrast, and minimal off-target toxicity. This study provides novel insights into the construction of a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform in precision oncology, with promising translational potential for clinical management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE · 2026 · IF 3.8

Ho3+-sensitized blue-excitable Cs2NaHoCl6:Yb3+, Er3+ double perovskites for effective dual-band NIR emission and multifunctional pc-LED applications

Xi Chen,Xiyong Chen,Hui Fu,Qiming Huang,Jialiang Jiang,Zhentao Du,Jialong Zhao,Weiyou Yang,Kanybek Osmonaliev,Samat Toktogonov,Jinju Zheng

Dual-band near-infrared (NIR) phosphors simultaneously covering the NIR-I (700-1000 nm) and NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) windows are highly desirable for practical optoelectronic devices, yet conventional rare-earth doped systems typically rely on ultraviolet sensitization. Herein, we report Yb 3+ /Er 3+ co-doped Cs 2 NaHoCl 6 double perovskite microcrystals (MCs) synthesized via a green aqueous-phase evaporation method, in which the intrinsic ∼450 nm absorption of Ho 3+ serves as a self-sensitizer, enabling competitive energy transfer from Ho 3+ to Yb 3+ and Er 3+ , predominantly via dipole-dipole interactions. This generates efficient dual-band emissions at 985 nm (NIR-I) and 1540 nm (NIR-II), with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 85.6% under blue-light excitation, alongside excellent thermal stability and photostability. An NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) fabricated with the optimized phosphor demonstrates practical utility in night vision, non-destructive detection, and high-contrast biological imaging. This work establishes an eco-friendly route for mass-producing efficient dual-band NIR emitters directly compatible with commercial blue LED chips.

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL · 2026 · IF 12.5

Silk-based mesoporous thermo-adaptive injectable Au–TiO2/ICG nanoengineered hydrogel system for NIR-triggered antibacterial and wound healing applications

Asim Mushtaq,Khai Ly Do,Muhammad Yousaf,Saiquan Li,Miao Su

Thermo-adaptive injectable silk-hydrogel conforms dynamically to irregular wound beds. • Au-TiO 2 /ICG nano-assemblies for image-guided localization • NIR-triggered hyperthermia/ROS generation synergistic antibacterial treatment • IVIS-guided tracking of the hydrogel's delivery and retention • Multifunctional platform helps improve wound repair with excellent biocompatibility. Infection and chronicity of wounds pose an intimidating problem in clinical practice, necessitating a system that would be able to dynamically adjust to the changes in the wound bed, delivering antibacterial effects and monitoring them simultaneously. Herein, a thermo-adaptive injectable hydrogel using Au–TiO 2 –PF127–ICG (ATI) nanocomposites loaded in a silk hydrolysate-PEG 400 -gelatin (SPG) matrix has been developed, integrating mechanical adaptability, phototherapy, biocompatibility, and imaging functionality in a single construct. The hydrogel is stable at room temperature while undergoing gel-sol phase transition at physiological temperature, thus allowing simple injection and in situ shaping within irregular wounds. Rheological analysis confirmed a distinct gel–sol transition near physiological temperature, validating its thermo-adaptive nature. Upon NIR 808 irradiation, the incorporated indocyanine green (ICG) efficiently converted light into heat, while the Au–TiO 2 nanocomposites along the ICG produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a dual photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus . Infrared thermal imaging and IVIS fluorescence visualization further confirmed localized photothermal responsiveness and sustained hydrogel retention at the wound site, enabling fluorescence-assisted image-guided localization and monitoring. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed accelerated wound closure, enhanced collagen deposition, and favorable histological regeneration under NIR stimulation, signifying the hydrogel's regenerative potential. Overall, this ATI-SPG hydrogel demonstrates a harmonious combination of injectability, self-adaptivity, fluorescence-enabled image-guided localization, NIR-triggered multimodal antibacterial therapy, and wound healing capability, providing a promising platform for next-generation light-responsive materials for wound management.

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Applied Materials Today · 2026 · IF 7

Engineering a Haversian-gyroid biomimetic scaffold: NIR-triggered photothermal-NO cascade antibacterial, hydroxyapatite enhanced pH balance and cell osteogenic differentiation

Huixing Li,Jiaxing Xiong,Fangwei Qi,Jun Zan,Xiuwen Gao,Wenjie Ma,Kunlong Li,Gao Pan,Pan He,Dongan Wang,Yang Shuai,Shuping Peng

Biomimetic hierarchical bone scaffold: outer Haversian canals and inner Gyroid pores for high memchanical strength. • Cascade antibacterial: thermal cleaves biofilms and Fe-NO bonds, releasing NO into bacteria to kill S. aureus and E. coli • Synergistic osteogenesis: thermal activates HSP70, synergizing with Ca 2+ and PO 4 3- to boost osteogenic differentiation. • pH regulation: amine groups from oxidative self-polymerization increase the pH value, enhancing scaffold stability. Poly- L -lactic acid (PLLA) is widely used in bone scaffold engineering due to its favorable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and processability. However, its mechanical properties are limited by insufficient crystallinity during fabrication. Moreover, bone repair is often accompanied by early bacterial infection and local pH reduction, which challenge the antibacterial effect, osteogenic capacity and structural stability of PLLA scaffolds. Herein, PLLA and hydroxyapatite (HA) are melt-blended into PLLA/HA (PHA). followed by self-polymerization of polydopamine (PDA) and electrostatic adsorption sodium nitroprusside of (SNP). The composite is then prepared into a PHA@PDA-SNP scaffold, with an outer Haversian canal layer and inner Gyroid-perforated. Ingeniously, the scaffold utilizes photothermal produced by near-infrared light to cleave biofilm and the Fe-NO bond in SNP, promoting NO release and entry into bacteria. Meanwhile, thermal can activate HSP70, synergizing with Ca 2+ and PO 4 3- released by PHA to boost osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the amine groups retained during the oxidation process of PDA can weaken the acidic environment and enhance scaffold stability. Results show that the bone scaffold mimics the natural bone structure with high compressive strength (162.9 MPa) by biomimetic manufacturing. Scaffold exhibits cell osteogenic differentiation as evidenced by a 70% upregulation of HSP70 and Ca 2+ influx, and a 4.5-fold increase of ALP and ARS. Scaffold utilizes photothermal and NO to achieve antibacterial rates of 97.4% and 98.2% against S. aureus and E. coli , respectively. Download: Download high-res image (194KB) Download: Download full-size image

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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY · 2026 · IF 4.4

An AIE-active NIR Ratiometric probe based on “ICT + ESIPT” mechanism for mitochondrial MAO imaging: Distinguishing cells and visualizing DILI

Ting Cao,Mengjin Li,Hong Ma,Zhefeng Fan

A novel AIE-1 probe integrates “ICT + ESIPT+AIE” tri-modal for ratiometric NIR fluorescence imaging of MAO activity. • AIE-1 exhibits wide linear range (0–140 μg/mL), high sensitivity (LOD 0.23 μg/mL), and excellent selectivity. • AIE-1 semi-quantitatively distinguishes MAO activity in normal/cancer cells and evaluates cellular inhibitor efficacy. • Successful real-time visualization of upregulated MAO activity is achieved in a DILI model. Given the crucial role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in maintaining amine homeostasis and liver pathology, real-time in situ monitoring of its activity is crucial for elucidating the mechanism of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). This study designed and synthesized a ratio type fluorescent probe AIE-1 based on the “ICT + ESIPT” mechanism, which integrates aggregation induced luminescence (AIE), near-infrared (NIR) emission, and mitochondrial targeting. The probe AIE-1 utilizes MAO catalyzed oxidative deamination reaction to trigger intramolecular charge transfer and excited state proton transfer processes, producing significant ratiometric fluorescence signals at 518 nm and 712 nm. The sensing mechanism was thoroughly validated by 1 H NMR titration, DFT calculations of HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, and solvent-polarity-dependent experiments, collectively confirming the occurrence of both ICT and ESIPT processes. Spectral experiments show that its detection of MAO has a wide linear range (0–140 μg/mL), high sensitivity (0.23 μg/mL), strong selectivity, and anti-interference ability. Cell imaging experiments have confirmed that AIE-1 can successfully semi quantitatively distinguish the differences in MAOs activity between normal liver cells and liver cancer cells, and evaluate the effectiveness of inhibitors. In the drug-induced liver injury model, AIE-1 successfully achieved real-time visualization monitoring of upregulation of MAO activity in vivo with sensitivity and specificity. This probe provides a novel and efficient tool for studying the role of MAO in pathological processes such as DILI.

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL · 2026 · IF 6

High-entropy rare-earth cesium tungsten bronze ceramic films that enable high-NIR shielding and visible transparency for smart windows

Jiaxin Ye,Liyan Xue,Wangjun Rui,Di Wu,Meng Zhang,Ting Zhou,Minzhong Huang,Heng Chen,Fan Yang

Thermochromic smart windows offer significant energy savings because they dynamically modulate solar radiation. Here, we report the first synthesis of rare earth-based high-entropy Cs 3x Nd x Sm x Tb x Dy x WO 3 (x = 0.022) nanoparticles via a hydrothermal reaction. By integrating these materials with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels, we fabricated a novel light/heat dual-responsive Cs 3x Nd x Sm x Tb x Dy x WO 3 /PNIPAM smart window. The high-entropy strategy increased the W 5+ concentration and the number of oxygen vacancies via entropy-driven stabilization, thereby suppressing the W 5+ oxidation process and significantly increasing the amount of near-infrared (NIR) absorption. Consequently, the Cs 3x Nd x Sm x Tb x Dy x WO 3 /PVA film achieved exceptional performance: 84.8% visible light transmittance (T vis ) and 94.4% NIR shielding (at 1500 nm). The integrated Cs 3x Nd x Sm x Tb x Dy x WO 3 /PNIPAM smart window improved the NIR rejection rate to 99.9% while maintaining a high T vis value. Crucially, outdoor testing demonstrated a 10 °C reduction in the indoor temperature at noon relative to that of standard quartz glass. The composite exhibited excellent cyclability and retained stable thermochromic switching and optical properties over repeated cycles, thus confirming its long-term durability. This entropy engineering approach fundamentally optimizes the electronic structure of tungsten bronze, thereby simultaneously enabling high visible transparency and ultrastrong NIR rejection. Our work establishes a promising pathway for the construction of next-generation smart windows with superior energy-saving performance.

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Nature Communications · 2026 · IF 18.1

D-π-A sensitized carbon dots as long-lived type-I/Ⅱ photosensitizers for NIR-excited hypoxia-regulated photodynamic therapy

Zhang Zhenlin,Yan Lang,Li Weiwei,Hu Jinyan,Wang Yang,Dou Hongjing,Pan Dengyu,Shen Longxiang,Shi Sheng,Geng Bijiang

In the development of clinically translatable triplet photosensitizers for hypoxia regulated photodynamic therapy (PDT), there is an unmet need for engineering sensitizers as near-infrared (NIR)-responsive, type I/type Ⅱ dual photosensitizers and mild photothermal agents. Herein, we develop a binary precursor-engineering strategy for precise regulation of the D-π-A configuration of carbon dots (CDs) as ultralong-lived triplet, type I/Ⅱ dual photosensitizers by utilizing phenolic hydroxyl as an electron-rich donor and pyridine N as an electron-withdrawing acceptor. The photodynamic performance of CDs is enhanced by intramolecular charge transfer and mild photothermal conversion. We further design M1-like macrophage-derived cell membrane‑camouflaged CDs to realize preferential tumor accumulation while guaranteeing rapid systemic clearance. D-π-A sensitized CD-mediated PDT induces anti-tumor activity against primary and distant tumors. Our work highlights the crucial roles of D-π-A sensitization of CDs in boosting PDT by triplet state tuning, surface charge transfer, and mild photothermal relief of hypoxia.

✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Nature Protocols · 2026 · IF 18.4

Preparation of an activatable benzothiadiazole-based nanoprobe for multispectral optoacoustic and NIR-II fluorescence dual-mode imaging of liver injury

Wu Yinglong,Zhang Chaobang,Chen Junjie,Zeng Fang,Wu Shuizhu,Zhao Yanli

Light-excited dual-mode imaging that integrates multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and near-infrared region II fluorescence (NIR-II FL) imaging allows complementary deep-tissue visualization with high anatomical resolution and molecular sensitivity, thereby enhancing the accuracy of biomedical diagnostics. Activatable probes further advance this approach by producing signals upon recognition of disease-related biomarkers, which reduces background interference and improves imaging specificity. BTPE-NO 2 @F127, a benzothiadiazole-based nanoprobe, exhibits selective activation of both optoacoustic and NIR-II FL signals in response to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), a crucial early stage biomarker of liver injury, thus permitting cross-validated detection of hepatic damage in vivo with excellent signal-to-background ratio contrast. Here we present detailed procedures for preparation of the BTPE-NO 2 @F127 nanoprobe and its applications in MSOT/NIR-II FL dual-mode imaging of trazodone- or ischemia–reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice. Compared to conventional liver injury diagnostic methods, such as invasive tissue biopsy, ex vivo blood analysis and previously reported fluorescent/optoacoustic probes, BTPE-NO 2 @F127 offers real-time, in situ monitoring with high sensitivity and signal-to-background ratio, as well as mutually corroborating signals for increased reliability. The fabrication of BTPE-NO 2 @F127, including the chemical synthesis and characterization, requires ~17 d, while the in vitro validation of its H 2 O 2 responsiveness takes ~5 d. Notably, the complete workflow of data acquisition and analysis for MSOT/NIR-II FL dual-mode imaging of liver injury in mice using BTPE-NO 2 @F127 can be accomplished within 10 h. The protocol is easy to follow and suitable for clinicians and researchers with a basic understanding of chemistry and bioimaging techniques.

✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS · 2026 · IF 6

A theranostic microneedle patch for NIR-II-triggered synergistic antibacterial therapy and real-time pH monitoring in infected diabetic wounds

Lubin Zhou,Xianda Zhao,Na Liang,Xinxing Sun,Hao Wang,Tingting Gai,Xiaofeng Lu,Biaotong Huang,Fengjin Zhou

Diabetic wounds pose significant clinical and public health challenges due to persistent multidrug-resistant bacterial biofilms and the lack of real-time, objective monitoring tools. Herein, we report a multifunctional hydrogel microneedle patch that integrates synergistic antibacterial therapy with dynamic wound assessment. The MN tips, composed of hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, were loaded with copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) to enable minimally invasive, localized delivery into wound tissues. Upon near-infrared-II (NIR-II) irradiation, CuS NPs mediated combined photothermal and chemodynamic antibacterial effects, effectively controlling wound infection and modulating the wound microenvironment to facilitate healing. The hydrogel base, based on polyvinyl alcohol, incorporated brilliant yellow dye-loaded beads, which are capable of a visual, colorimetric response to wound exudate. Quantitative analysis via smartphone imaging allowed real-time, non-invasive monitoring of wound pH value. This theranostic platform offers a promising strategy for the design of integrated, intelligent dressings for precise diabetic wound therapy

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Materials Today Bio · 2026 · IF 11

Destroy and reconstruct: A microneedle platform for combined NIR-II photothermal therapy and asiaticoside-mediated tissue regeneration in cutaneous amyloidosis

Zhiqiang Zhang,Long Chen,Chenxi Fang,Guoqiang You,Meitao Duan,Jungang Ren,Ming Chen,Chen Wang

Cutaneous amyloidosis (CA) is a chronic skin disorder characterized by dermal amyloid deposition, accompanied by fibroblast hyperproliferation and keratinocyte apoptosis, yet current treatments are limited by poor transdermal delivery and inadequate lesion clearance. Here, we present a “destroy-reconstruct” strategy using dissolving microneedles (MNs) co-loaded with asiaticoside (AS) and a NIR-II photothermal agent (IR1048), modified with octaarginine (R8) for enhanced cellular uptake. The optimized AI-MN@R8 platform exhibited excellent mechanical strength, rapid in vivo dissolution within 20 min, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 33.58% under 1064 nm laser irradiation. In vitro studies demonstrated that R8 modification significantly enhanced cellular uptake, and the combination of photothermal therapy and AS synergistically suppressed human skin fibroblasts (HSF) proliferation and migration via inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. In a rat model of localized CA, AI-MN@R8 combined with laser irradiation achieved targeted dermal delivery, real-time temperature elevation to approximately 47, and near-complete amyloid clearance, as confirmed by Congo red and Thioflavin 488 staining. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further revealed restored dermal architecture, reduced collagen deposition, and normalized epidermal keratin expression (KRT5/KRT14). Mechanistically, Western blot analysis of skin tissues confirmed that AI-MN@R8 treatment regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, inhibited Caspase-3 activation, and downregulated fibrosis-related proteins (COL1A1/COL3A1), reversing the fibrotic microenvironment. No systemic toxicity was observed in major organs. This synergistic photothermal-pharmacological platform offers a safe and effective strategy for CA treatment with high clinical translational potential.

CAS / MDL: 128446-35-5 75-05-8
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL · 2026 · IF 12.5

Breaking biofilm barriers and reprogramming immunity: NIR-activated protease–copper nanozymes drive cuproptosis-like killing and accelerate infected wound repair

Yi Hu,Zijian Hu,Yuting Ding,Yuan Zhou,Duo Zhou,Song Ye,Wei Jiang,Yanbin Zhang,Junhui Song,Chengying Meng,Yu Chen,Yueyang Fang,Mengran Xu,Yexiang Sun,Xu-Lin Chen,Delin Hu

Protease-armed GCP breaks EPS barriers for deep biofilm penetration. • NIR-boosted copper overload drives cuproptosis-like bacterial killing. • GCP amplifies ROS generation through peroxidase-like nanozyme activity. • GCP eradicates mature biofilms and prevents new biofilm formation. • GCP promotes early M1 defense and late M2 repair in infected wounds. Biofilm infections are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the EPS matrix limits drug penetration and the local immune environment often fails to clear pathogens, leading to chronic inflammation and delayed healing. Here, we present a protease-armed copper nanozyme–antibiotic platform, Gen@CuS@BSA/protease (GCP), designed to integrate biofilm disruption, copper-overload–mediated killing, and stage-adaptive immunoregulation under near-infrared (NIR) activation. GCP incorporates alkaline protease to degrade EPS and create diffusion channels, CuS-based photothermal heating to enhance copper uptake and induce copper-overload-associated, cuproptosis-like bacterial killing, and peroxidase-like activity to amplify oxidative stress in the presence of H₂O₂, thereby boosting antibacterial efficacy. In vitro , GCP robustly eradicated established P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms and inhibited biofilm formation, consistent with improved intrabiofilm penetration. Transcriptomic analysis and RT–qPCR revealed suppression of central carbon metabolism and virulence- and biofilm-associated pathways, supporting a copper-driven lethal mechanism. In an infected wound model, GCP with NIR accelerated bacterial clearance and wound closure. Notably, GCP outperformed the protease-free counterpart (GC) in modulating macrophage dynamics—promoting early M1 activation for antibacterial defense while facilitating a subsequent M2 shift to resolve inflammation and support tissue remodeling. This study provides a unified strategy for treating refractory biofilm infections by synchronizing deep penetration, cuproptosis-like killing, and immuno-regenerative healing. Download: Download high-res image (336KB) Download: Download full-size image

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