ENERGY
·
2021
·
IF 7.147
Jin-Long Cui,Li-Wei Cheng,Jing-Yu Kan,Wei-Xin Pang,Jun-Nan Gu,Kun Li,Ling-Ban Wang,Chang-Yu Sun,Xiao-Hui Wang,Guang-Jin Chen,Xing-Xun Li
The spatial difference of hydrate dissociation by depressurization was investigated in an L-shape hydrate simulator to enhance the exploitation efficiency of natural gas hydrates . Hydrates were found to dissociate slower near the mining well than far from the mining well due to the higher water saturation. The mass transfer rate of methane molecules in the water phase was much slower than that in the gas phase. In both vertical and horizontal directions, pore water migrated from the location far from the mining well to that near the mining well in the hydrate reservoir under the pressure difference. This led to a lower dissociation rate for the hydrate distributed at the location near the mining well, which was different from the results in gas/petroleum reservoirs and numerical simulations. The spatial difference was more pronounced in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Gravity caused more water migration in the vertical direction, which led to more uneven dissociation of the hydrates. Sediments with higher permeability and lower mining pressure could result in more pronounced spatial differences. These findings can provide deep insights into the spatial evolution of multiple fields during the exploitation of natural gas hydrates .
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Food Bioscience
·
2021
·
IF 4.24
Li Yuan,Yunfei Kong,Weijun Leng,Yanmin Wang,Wengang Jin,Ruichang Gao
The myosin aggregation of b.ighead carp ( Aristichthys nobilis ) induced by heating and the physical structure of surimi gels were changed using L-Glu. L-Glu increased the solubility of myosin regardless of heating or low/high ionic strength . Compared to myosin, the hydrophobicity of myosin with L-Glu at low ionic strength increased significantly, however there was no difference between myosin and myosin with L-Glu at high ionic strength. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results showed that L-Glu suppressed myosin aggregation, forming a honeycomb-like network after a two-step heating. Consequently, the suppression by L-Glu of myosin aggregation changed the physical properties of surimi gels. The water holding capacity of surimi gels with L-Glu increased significantly, but the hardness decreased. This study suggested that the influence of myosin aggregation induced using L-Glu increased ion-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic repulsions, which changed the microstructure of surimi. L-Glu could be used as an additive to soften surimi gels with low salt for those with difficulty in chewing .
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 4.192
Ya Gao,Haipu Li,Yang Song,Fenglin Zhang,Yi Lu,Fangyuan Peng,Zhaoguang Yang
In plants, glutathione (GSH) is crucial for the detoxification and tolerance of heavy metals. However, the change characteristics and decisive enzymes involved in GSH metabolism under heavy metal exposure are still unclear. Based on long-term exposure cultivation of spinach and monitoring of the change trends of enzyme activity and GSH contents in response to cadmium (Cd) stress, these issues were clarified. Spinach goes through three statuses in sequence in response to Cd stress, that is, perception status (PS), response status (RS), and new stable status. With the increase in the Cd concentration, the durations of the PS and RS and the time to reach the peaks in the roots were shorter. However, the durations of the PS and the time to reach the peaks in the leaves were longer. The enzyme activities changed significantly in response to diverse Cd stress in RS. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was vital to the GSH content in roots. Glutathione synthase was important for the GSH content in leaves. The results of this study provide valuable information to find an efficient way to perform GSH adjustments to fulfill the goal of ensuring food safety.
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PHARMAZIE
·
2020
·Vol. 75
·期 10
·483-487
·
IF 1.198
Wang Lili,Liu Shuyu,Gao Ziyao
Berberine hydrochloride (BCl) is commercially used to treat diarrhea, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. However, BCl suffers from solid state instability, low aqueous solubility, low dissolution rate, and poor bioavailability, which limit its potential application in clinical medicine.
In this work, we report a novel cocrystal hydrate of BCl with L(+)-lactic acid (BCl-LA-H2O), designed to improve its physicochemical properties, thus promoting its application in the pharmaceutical industry. As a result, the cocrystal strategy improved the solubility, dissolution,
melting point, and hygroscopicity of BCl, which indicated that the BCl-LA-H2O can be used as a better solid form.
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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 98
·期 10
·
IF 2.092
Sun Mingfa,Zhao Jingpeng,Wang Xiaojuan,Jiao Hongchao,Lin Hai
The supplementation of dietary limiting amino acids (AA) with crystalline AA makes the use of low-protein diets an option in poultry production. The differing absorption rates of crystalline and protein-bound AA may lead to temporally imbalanced AA in the postabsorptive period. In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of encapsulated L-lysine-HCl (L-Lys-HCl) and DL-methionine (DL-Met) on the laying performance of hens. In exp. 1, a total of 135 forty-seven-wk-old Hy-Line Brown hens were subjected to three dietary treatments for 8 wk: basal diet supplemented with 0.14% L-Lys-HCl and 0.17% DL-Met to satisfy the NRC (1994) total Lys and Met recommendation (control) and basal diet supplemented with encapsulated L-Lys-HCl and DL-Met at the levels of 60% (60CLM, 0.084% L-Lys-HCl and 0.102% DL-Met) or 80% of control (80CLM, 0.112% L-Lys-HCl and 0.136% DL-Met), respectively. In exp. 2, 24 fifty-five-wk-old Hy-Line Brown hens were individually reared in cages and subjected to the same treatments as in exp. 1. The plasma concentrations of free AA and nitrogen metabolites were measured 2, 4, and 6 h after fed. The results showed that dietary AA treatment had no significant influence on body weight (BW), feed intake, laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, or feed efficiency. The expression levels of AA transporters CAT-1, y+LAT1, b0,+AT, B0AT, rBAT, EAAT3, and PepT1 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment. There was an interaction of dietary AA treatment and time (P < 0.05) and the 80CLM hens exhibited higher concentrations of Lys (P < 0.05) than the controls at 2-h time point. In contrast, plasma Met concentration was not influenced (P > 0.05), while Cys was reduced in the 60CLM hens at every time point. The 80CLM hens had higher taurine concentrations than those receiving the control diet at every postprandial time point. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that by using encapsulated form, the supplemental levels of synthetic L-Lys-HCl and DL-Met can be effectively reduced by approximately 20% with no negative effect on laying performance. The result suggests that encapsulated Lys and Met may ameliorate the postabsorptive AA balance and contribute to the reduced dietary AA supplemental levels.
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 3.72
Hua Huang,Qiaoqiao Lian,Ling Wang,Youxia Shan,Fengjun Li,Sui Kiat Chang,Yueming Jiang
The cuticular membrane covering almost all aerial plant organs has a primary function in limiting uncontrolled water loss . The guava fruits were collected and this work was done to study the potential contribution of cuticular chemical composition to fruit transpiration after harvest. The detailed cuticular chemical composition, based on gas chromatography together with mass spectrometry , and the transpiration rate determined gravimetrically in guava fruit were characterized in the present study. The predominant wax mixtures were fatty acids and primary alcohols with homologous series of C 16 –C 33 , as well as various pentacyclic triterpenoids with abundant amounts of ursolic acid, maslinic acid and uvaol. The most prominent cutin compounds were C 16 and C 18 ‒type monomers dominated by 9(10),16-diOH-hexadecanoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-ω–OH–octadecanoic acid, respectively. Relatively high water permeability with a value of 5.1 × 10 −4 m s −1 was detected for guava fruit. The lower efficiency of the cuticle as barrier to transpiration in guava fruit, as compared to that of other reported fruits, leaves, and petals, was seemingly related to the relatively short average chain-length of acyclic compounds in wax mixtures. These findings provide useful insights linking the chemical composition of the cuticular membrane that covers plant organs to putative physiological roles.
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.303
Jiali Yang,Xu Jing,Tengfei Wang,Jianbing Di,Li Chen,Yu Wang
Previous studies reported the ability of l -glutamate (glutamate) to induce host resistance against Alternaria alternata , but the underlying mechanism is still scarce. Here, temporal alteration in antioxidant enzymes and glutamate consuming pathways were transcriptionally and enzymatically monitored in tomato fruits. The results showed that exogenous glutamate application enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, in tomatoes upon inoculation with Alternaria alternata , while lower concentrations of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde were observed. Interestingly, glutamate led to a decline in carbon:nitrogen ratio and induction of deaminating activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, resulting in replenishment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Concurrently, proline dehydrogenase mediated the proline catabolism was downregulated by glutamate, accompanied by the enhanced biosynthesis of proline due to increased expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Together our findings favored a model whereby overactivation of antioxidant enzymes and glutamate consuming pathways, deamination of glutamate and proline biosynthesis from glutamate, played a vital role in the mechanism of glutamate-induced resistance.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2020
·Vol. 101
·期 8
·3290-3297
·
IF 2.614
Isaac Duah Boateng,Xiao-Ming Yang
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba seeds are used as a functional food across Asia. However, the presence of toxic compounds has limited their application. In this study, freeze drying, infrared drying, hot-air drying and pulsed-vacuum drying were used to dry G. biloba seeds. A comprehensive analysis was performed on their product quality, antioxidant activities, bioactive and toxic components. RESULTS Results showed that the drying methods had a significant influence on product quality with freeze drying being superior due to the minimal microstructural damage, followed by infrared drying and pulsed-vacuum drying. Infrared-dried product possessed the strongest antioxidant activities and higher bioactive compound content than hot-air-dried and pulsed-vacuum-dried product. Toxic compounds in fresh G. biloba seeds (ginkgotoxin, ginkgolic acid and cyanide) were reduced markedly by drying. Ginkgotoxin was reduced fourfold, and the contents of acrylamide, ginkgolic acid and cyanide in dried G. biloba seeds were reduced to the scope of safety. Amongst the four drying methods, infrared drying had the shortest drying time, and its product showed higher quality and bioactive compound content, and stronger antioxidant activities. CONCLUSIONS These findings will offer salient information for selecting a drying method during the processing of ginkgo seeds. Infrared drying could be considered as a multiple-effect drying method in the processing of ginkgo seeds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
·
2020
·
IF 4.027
Shangguang Du,Meng Cui,Yali Cai,Ahui Xue,Yingbin Hao,Xueyong Huang,Lihua Liu,Liping Luo
Chilling stress is a major production threat for rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The mechanism of chilling response has not been unveiled up to now, especially at the metabolomic level. In this study, two Asian rice cultivars, Qiutianxiaoting (chilling-tolerant variety) and 93−11 (chilling-susceptible variety), were used to analyze the metabolic changes when exposed to low temperature and recovered by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). Physiological and metabolic analysis combining with bioinformatics were performed to reveal cold resistance mechanism of these two varieties. Physiological analysis showed that only Qiutianxiaoting survived after 36 h chilling treatment, and the growth indexes of Qiutianxiaoting took on a decreasing trend, but these indexes of 93−11 appeared a trend of increase under cold treatment; moreover, the levels of antioxidant activities (SOD, POD and CAT) were higher in Qiutianxiaoting than 93−11, especially at recovery stage. PCA and OPLS-DA analysis all showed that Qiutianxiaoting, not 93−11, could be separated with each other under chilling stress, which indicated that these two subspecies of rice had different mechanisms to resist cold temperature. The results of metabolic analysis indicated that low temperature activated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis in 93−11, while it induced the expression of methyl jasmonate biosynthesis-related genes in Qiutianxiaoting, which might mitigate chilling damage and effectively make it more cold-resistant than 93−11. This study would shed some lights on the cold resistance mechanism of these two rice cultivars in terms of physiological and metabolic analysis.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2020
·
IF 4.244
Isaac Duah Boateng,Xiao-Ming Yang,Yuan-Yuan Li
Fresh Ginkgo biloba seeds (GBS) contain rich bioactive compounds; nevertheless, it is slightly poisonous and cannot be eaten directly due to higher Ginkgotoxin and ginkgolic acid. Though drying can lower the Ginkgotoxin and ginkgolic acid contents, it can also have an adverse effect on the bioactivity and product quality. Infrared drying offers lower drying time, high energy savings, and product quality; therefore, optimizing the process parameters for multiple responses is paramount. In this study, Plackett–Burman Design (PBD)–Response Surface Methodology was systematically used to optimize GBS's infrared-drying parameters. Screening of factors by PBD indicated temperature, time, and height contributed significantly to moisture content (MC), total colour change (Δ E ), total phenolic content (TPC), and Ginkgotoxin (MPN). Further using rotatable central-composite design to obtain the optimum conditions were temperature (80 °C), time (159.68 min), and height (12 cm). Satisfactory results were (6.09 ± 0.15)%, 5.56 ± 0.45, (6.25 ± 0.38) mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and (50.57 ± 1.10) μg/g for MC, Δ E , TPC, and MPN, respectively, with verification close to the predicted values. This shows an increase in TPC, appreciable Δ E , MC, and a drastic reduction in MPN (5.45 fold) compared with fresh GBS. The quality assessment showed higher pyridoxine , anti-oxidant activities and total flavonoid , lower enzyme activity and ginkgolic acid (10 fold), granular adhesion (from the micrograph), and satisfactory product quality. This shows the infrared-dried GBS under these optimum conditions had ginkgotoxin and ginkgolic acid contents that are below the level likely to cause toxicity, thus could be useful for food and industrial production as a functional food and neutraceutical.
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Journal of Functional Foods
·
2021
·
IF 4.451
Wei Liu,Zehua Li,Kai Yang,Peilong Sun,Ming Cai
Finger citron essential oil (FCEO) is a potential resource in pharmaceutical and food industries. FCEO encapsulated by nanoemulsion can overcome its insoluble and unstable disadvantages, and prolong its digestion in the colon. This study investigated the effects of FCEO on human gut microbiota by in vitro fermentation. The results showed supplementation with low concentration of FCEO nanoemulsion significantly increased the production of acetate, CO 2 and H 2 as end products in basal medium containing starch as sole carbon source, while the high concentration of FCEO significantly inhibited the gas production. In addition, FCEO nanoemulsion promoted the degradation of starch. Furthermore, FCEO nanoemulsion modified gut microbiota community after 24 h anaerobic incubation that promoted the growth of Lactobacillus , Lactococcus and the other probiotic bacteria, while suppressing the pathogenic Bilophila genus. This study indicated the dietary FCEO could be considered as a potential candidate in the food preservation application.
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LUMINESCENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 36
·期 3
·698-704
·
IF 1.855
Pengfei Fan,Shunzhen He,Jianlin Cheng,Congcong Hu,Can Liu,Shengyuan Yang,Jinquan Liu
A simple and sensitive colorimetric sensing method was constructed for detection of Hg 2+ in aqueous solutions and based on silver nanoparticles functionalized with l -cysteine ( l -Cys–Ag NPs). In this method, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced aggregation of l -Cys–Ag NPs. Simultaneously, the solution colour changed from bright yellow to brown. In the presence of Hg 2+ , Hg 2+ chelated ATP to form a complex and reduce the degree of aggregation of l -Cys–Ag NPs and was accompanied by a colour change from brown to bright yellow. The changing values of absorbance at 390 nm were linearly correlated with concentration of Hg 2+ over the 4.00 × 10 −8 to 1.04 × 10 −6 mol·L −1 range, with a detection limit of 8 nM. This method was used successfully for detection of Hg 2+ in real water samples and performed good selectivity and sensitivity. The recovery range was 91.5–109.1%, indicating that the method has vast application potential for determination of Hg 2+ in the environment.
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