INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Qin Wu,Xin Cai,Meng Sha Ma,Xuan Zhang,Keyin Liu,Nan Nan Xia
The practical applications of grass plastic mulch films are limited because their residues turn into microplastics and enter the food chain. This study solves this problem by preparing a degradable cellulose–lignin–waterborne polyurethane composite grass paper film. First, waterborne polyurethane prepared using a mild method was composited with lignin via an addition reaction and the formation of hydrogen bonding between the –OH groups of lignin and the –NCO and –OH groups of polyurethane. Finally, the as-prepared polyurethane–lignin composite was applied as a coating on the surface of a paper-based material to prepare a grass paper mulch film. The relationship between lignin content and the molecular weight, thermal stability, mechanical properties, polymer network crosslinking density, antioxidant capability, and light transmittance of the coating was studied, revealing that higher lignin contents considerably improved the barrier and mechanical properties of the coating and grass paper mulching film. In particular, a lignin content of 20 % resulted in a grass paper mulching film with outstanding grass pressing performance and degradability. Therefore, the multifunctional, ecofriendly grass paper mulch film prepared from cellulose–lignin–waterborne polyurethane composite materials provides an innovative approach to solve the pollution problem of traditional grass plastic paper mulch.
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Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 10
·1403
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IF 4.7
Shuyu Pang,Xin Wang,Jiali Pu,Chen Liang,Shuangquan Yao,Chengrong Qin
Hemicellulose extracted by alkali treatment is of interest because of the advantages of its intact sugar structure and high degree of polymerization. However, the hemicellulose extracted by alkali treatment contained more lignin fragments and the presence of a lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC), which affected the isolation and purification of hemicellulose and its comprehensive utilization. Therefore, the evaluation of the LCC structure of different types of lignocellulosic resources is of great significance. In this study, the LCC structures of hardwoods and Gramineae were enriched in alkaline systems. Information on the composition, structural proportions, and connection patterns of LCC samples was discussed. The similarities and differences between the LCC structures of different units of raw materials were comparatively studied. The results indicated that the monosaccharide fractions were higher in the LCC of Gramineae compared to hardwoods. The composition of the lignin fraction was dominated by G and S units. The phenyl glycosidic (PhGlc) bond is the predominant LCC linkage under alkali-stabilized conditions. In addition, Gramineae PhGlc types are more numerous compared to hardwoods. The results of the study provide insights into the differences in the chemical composition and structural features of LCC in different plants and provide important guidance for the optimization of the process of purifying hemicellulose.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Yumeng Wang,Boyu Du,Qian Zheng,Xiaohong Chen
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), as an excellent degradable plastic feedstock , is limited by its diminishing stability in wet environment, low strength , thermal instability and nonopaque properties. In response to these concerns, a PVA/demethylated lignin-based supramolecular plastic (DPVA-HA-Fe-5) was designed and produced from PVA, demethylated lignin (DL), humic acid (HA) and Fe 3+ ions via a simple casting method. As compared with pure PVA plastic, the tensile strength of DPVA-HA-Fe-5 were increased by 411 % to 410.61 MPa, and the breaking strain was increased by 149 % to 239.47 %. Notably, the hydrophobicity of DPVA-HA-Fe-5 was also significantly improved. Although in highly humid environment (stored in RH = 100 % for 10 days) or in alkaline organic solvent (stored in pyridine for 3 h), DPVA-HA-Fe-5 also showed excellent mechanical strengths of 302.9 and 222.99 MPa, respectively, which are equivalent or even superior to the most of commercial petroleum-based plastics. Moreover, the prepared plastics showed an outstanding UV resistance and shading performance, and about 98.3 % protection against ultraviolet radiation B rays and 90.7 % protection against visible light were obtained. In short, the introduction of lignin to improve the performance of PVA-based plastic is a feasible method, and it could facilitate the development of high-value utilization of lignin.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Shengdu Yang,Keyu Lian,Junhua Zhang
Precise transformation of renewable resources into high-performance photo-crosslinked resins with degradability remains a daunting challenge. In this work, we employed a renewable bioresource, lignin-derived vanillin, to construct a rigid spiro diacetal trigger, which was further coupled with thermosetting epoxy segments to develop three high-performance functionalized polymers. Several high-performance photosensitive materials with alkali-dissolving patterning and recyclable were innovatively engineered based on these polymers. The introduction of rigid spiro diacetal triggers, which function through a unique degradable mechanism under mildly acidic conditions, is expected to address the “seesaw” issue between high performance and degradability in photo-crosslinked networks. More importantly, the effect of spiro diacetal trigger on the thermo-mechanical properties and photopolymerization kinetics of thus-obtained photosensitive resins was systematically investigated. Consequently, the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the spiro diacetal-tailored naphthalene-type photosensitive resin (P-VPNE) are comparable to, or even exceed, those of competing materials. This work provides a universal strategy and valuable insights for the design and synthesis of high-performance degradable electronic packaging coatings, which are essential for a wide range of revolutionary technologies based on lignin derivatives.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2012
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IF 2.237
Shimin Kang,Xianglan Li,Juan Fan,Jie Chang
Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, lignin, d-xylose (substitute for hemicellulose), and wood meal (WM) was experimentally conducted between 225 and 265 °C, and the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars were investigated. The hydrochar yield is between 45 and 60%, and the yield trend of the feedstock is lignin > WM > cellulose > d-xylose. The hydrochars seem stable below 300 °C, and aromatic structure is formed in all of these hydrochars. The C content, C recovery, energy recovery, ratio of C/O, and ratio of C/H in all of these hydrochars are among 63–75%, 80–87%, 78–89%, 2.3–4.1, and 12–15, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochars is among 24–30 MJ/kg, with an increase of 45–91% compared with the corresponding feedstock. The carbonization mechanism is proposed, and furfural is found to be an important intermediate product during d-xylose hydrochar production, while lignin hydrothermal carbonization products are made of polyaromatic hydrochar and phenolic hydrochar. The formation of microspheres on the surface of cellulose and WM hydrochars is discussed, and transformation of the hemicellulose should be the reaction for WM microsphere production.
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Small
·
2025
·Vol. 21
·期 8
·2407438
·
IF 12.1
Xunhong Gu,Wanhua Wang,Jinyu Kang,Xinrui Dong,Peilin Guan,Bo Li
Degradable and cost-effective cellulose fiber-based materials are ideal substitutes for traditional plastics. However, organic additives used to enhance water and oil resistance often contain toxic substances that may migrate into food, posing health risks. In this study, inspired by tree structures, lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) are used to form a “crown-roots” structure to enhance the water, oil, and gas resistance, as well as mechanical performance of composites. Mechanically fibrillated LCNFs (M-LCNFs), representing the tree roots, are blended with bamboo pulp and bagasse pulp to prepare cellulose fiber substrate. LCNFs films, representing the crown, are produced via a sol–gel method to improve the substrate's barrier properties. The LCNFs gel, representing the trunk, bonds the films to the substrate via hydrogen bond. The resulting material shows exceptional behaviors including 1) excellent water and oil resistance (Cobb value and WVTR decreased by 75.27% and 16.43% compared to the substrate, with a maximum kit value of 12), 2) outstanding mechanical performance (tensile index is 103.19 N·m g −1 ), and 3) good natural degradability. This material holds significant potential for industries with high safety standards, such as food, cosmetics, and medicine.
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JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 1.7
Hao Ren,Yinan Hao,Jian Sheng,Guo Zhang,Jingru Zheng,Xiaogang Ti,Yang Li,Guiling Ai,Shuo Wang,Lili Li,Ximing Wang
In order to remove Pb(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) from aqueous solution, a lignin-based composite hydrogel (LS-g-P(AA-co-AM)/OMMT) was synthesized by free radical polymerization using sodium lignosulfonate (LS) and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) as raw materials. The obtained hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the LS-g-P(AA-co-AM)/OMMT contains abundant C and O containing surface groups, which were favorable for the adsorption of Pb(II), Ni(II), Mn(II). The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, temperature, initial concentration and time on hydrogel adsorption of Pb(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) were investigated. The maximum adsorption amounts were 575.5, 326.67 and 282.82 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process of heavy metal ions conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model, which indicates that the adsorption of Pb(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II) by LS-g-P(AA-co-AM)/OMMT is a monolayer adsorption process dominated by chemical adsorption. The main adsorption mechanisms are ion exchange and coordination complexation. Conclusively, the prepared biomass adsorbent was proved as promising adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Qiuxian Li,Wenxuan Peng,Yue Sun,Chenchen Cai,Fangyuan Tang,Yongfei Liu,Qingdi Hu,Zheng Zhou,Xusheng Li,Shuangxi Nie
A cost-effective, and low-energy room-temperature cascade catalytic carbonization strategy is demonstrated for converting lignin into graphite with a high yield of 87 %, a high surface potential of −37 eV and super-hydrophilicity. This super-hydrophilic feature endows the lignin-derived graphite to be dispersed in a variety of polar solvents, which is important for its future applications. Encapsulating of liquid metals with the graphite for electrical circuit patterning on flexible substrates is also advocated. These written patterns show superb conductivity of 4.9 × 10 6 S/m, offering good performance stability and reliability while being repeatedly stretched, folded, twisted, and bent. This will offer new designs for flexible electronic devices, sensors, and biomedical devices.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2024
·
IF 9.4
Yukang Fan,Fangbao Fu,Dongjie Yang,Weifeng Liu,Xueqing Qiu
Constructing heteroatom-doped porous carbons with distinct charge storage properties is significant for high-energy–density supercapacitors, yet it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we employed a thiocyanogen-modulated alkali activation strategy to synthesize N and S co-doped lignin hierarchical porous carbon (NSLHPC). In this process, thiocyanogen serves as a surface modulation mediator to substitute oxygen with nitrogen and sulfur species, while the combination of KOH activation and MgO template generates numerous nanopores within the carbon structure. The three-dimensional interconnected nanosheet architecture facilitates rapid ion transfer and enhances accessibility to active sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that introducing N and S heteroatoms through oxygen substitution reduces the adsorption energy barrier of Zn 2+ . Consequently, the optimized NSLHPC exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 438F/g at 0.5 A/g in 6 M KOH, delivering an energy density of 10.4 Wh/kg in the symmetric supercapacitor and an impressive energy density of 104.9 Wh/kg in the zinc-ion hybrid capacitor. The NSLHPC cathode also shows an excellent lifespan with capacitance retention of 99.0 % and Columbic efficiency of 100 % over 10,000 cycles. This study presents innovative strategies for engineering high-performance porous carbon electrode materials by emphasizing pore structure modulation and N, S co-doping as crucial approaches.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Yaqing Yin,Shanjia Qin,Shuai Deng,Zhili Li,Aixing Tang,Qunliang Li,Dankui Liao,Youyan Liu
Lignin-based nanoparticles hold tremendous potential for various applications. This study proposes an innovative and straightforward method for the synthesis of spherical hybrid lignin nanoparticles (hy-LNPs) with a tunable pore structure. The approach involves blending lignin with 20 wt% polyamide-epichlorohydrin, resulting in the formation of thermoresponsive lignin-based polyelectrolyte complexes. Upon heating to 80 °C, the complexes undergo self-assembly into uniform spherical nanoparticles, achieving a minimum polydispersity index (PDI) as low as 0.08. The study reveals that nanoparticle formation involves simultaneous collapse and growth. During collapse, hy-LNPs become more compact, increasing their elastic behavior and inhibiting particle coalescence, which is critical for the formation of stable, low-dispersibility nanoparticles. Contrary to the expectation that collapse would reduce pore size, the average pore size of the hy-LNPs increases from 24.9 nm to 35.8 nm, likely due to the coalescence of smaller pores into larger ones. Furthermore, this straightforward method was applied to encapsulation β-cypermethrin, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of up to 95 % and reducing the release rate in an ethanol-water solution from 90.6 % to 63.1 % over 5 h. The thermoresponsive lignin-based polyelectrolyte complexes provide a new pathway for the controlled preparation of lignin-based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrate promising potential for applications such as drug encapsulation.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Zi Feng He,Chang Li,Tian Xing Fang,Dong Yu Zhu,Qianyun Deng,Weifeng Liu,Xueqing Qiu
Polyurethanes are widely utilized across various fields. In the pursuit of sustainable development, current research prioritizes the development of bio-based, environmentally friendly polyurethanes. Wood flour, a type of biomass waste, faces significant challenges in achieving high-value utilization. In this study, wood flour was pretreated with sodium hydroxide solution to generate extracted lignin (Elig) and alkali-treated wood flour (AWF), which were subsequently employed to fabricate biodegradable polyurethane elastomers. Elig was further modified with polycaprolactone (PCL) to enhance its reactivity and flexibility, serving as a biological macromolecule crosslinker in the synthesis of lignin-based polyurethane [PU(Plig)]. Tough polyurethane composite elastomers were then obtained by incorporating AWF into PU(Plig). The resulting PU composite elastomer, PU(Plig@AWF), containing strong interfacial interaction between Elig and AWF, exhibited high toughness (188.15 MJ/m 3 ), excellent UV resistance (with stress and strain retention rates of 77.92 % and 77.07 %, respectively, after 96 h of ultraviolet aging), and outstanding biodegradability (with a mass loss of 19.06 % observed after 50 days of soil degradation testing). Additionally, leveraging the unique characteristics of lignin and wood flour (WF), the elastomer demonstrated remarkable light/thermal-electric conversion capabilities, effectively powering a fan. This study advances the development of biomass-based, multifunctional polyurethane elastomers with enhanced cost-efficiency.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Dequan Wei,Shan Liang,Shenghua Lv,Jingjing Zuo,Shanshan Zhang,Leipeng Liu
Coatings are widely used in all aspects of life due to their easy and efficient functional properties. In today’s pursuit of green living, people are increasingly looking for green, biosafe materials, so there is a trend to develop simple and economical methods of coating materials using natural polymers. Lignin, as a natural renewable aromatic polymer, has a unique chemical structure that is ideal for the preparation of UV-resistant and superhydrophobic coatings. In this study, a triphenol epoxy resin (PTEP) was synthesized and prepared using vanillin and guaiacol and then using octadecyltrichlorosilane to chemically modify the lignin to prepare modified lignin (OSL) with superhydrophobic properties. Finally, lignin-based superhydrophobic functional coatings (PTEP-OSL and PTEP-OSL/ZnO) were prepared using superhydrophobic modified lignin, PTEP, and nano-ZnO particles. Both the PTEP-OSL coating and PTEP-OSL/ZnO coating have good superhydrophobic properties, and the maximum contact angles can reach 160° and 159°. The superhydrophobic properties of lignin-based coatings are mainly attributed to the high surface roughness they construct and the low surface energy provided by the modified lignin. And compared with the PTEP-OSL coating, the PTEP-OSL/ZnO coating doped with nano-ZnO particles has a smoother surface and good anticorrosion performance. Electrochemical results show that the PTEP-OSL/ZnO coating has a higher impedance (Z = 5.56 × 107 Ω cm2) and higher phase angle value (θ = 80.24°). In addition, both PTEP-OSL and PTEP-OSL/ZnO coatings exhibit good UV shielding properties, which will further expand their practical applications. The lignin-based polymer coating has the advantages of being low-cost, green, and renewable, providing a simple route to value-added utilization of lignin.
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