JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
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2026
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IF 6.5
Xiaoran Li,Kehui Cen,Jinjin Li,Li Qiu,Xiao Yang,Dengyu Chen
In this work, the co-pyrolysis of hemicellulose and lignin for production of biochar, bio-oil and gaseous products showed interactions between both the components. These interactions were identified by comparing the actual values of product yields with RSM-predicted values derived from individual component pyrolysis. The experiments were designed using response surface methodology (RSM), with co-pyrolysis factors that included temperature (400 – 800 °C), time (5 – 30 min), and hemicellulose percentage (0 – 100%). The results indicated that the co-pyrolysis interactions promoted biochar yield, driven primarily by temperature and residence time. For bio-oil yield, the interaction was temperature-dependent; high temperatures (700–800 °C) combined with optimized residence time enhanced yields. Similarly, the total gas yield was maximized at 600 °C through interaction regulation. In addition, the co-pyrolysis interactions increased the H 2 yield while decreasing the CH 4 yield and the HHV of the gas. RSM optimization identified the optimal conditions for maximizing biochar, bio-oil, CO + H 2 , and gas HHV, with predictions agreeing with experiments (<2% deviation), confirming the model's reliability. DFT calculations revealed the reaction pathways of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol decomposition to gaseous products. The combination of RSM and DFT enabled the process design and precise mechanistic analysis of gas products from the co-pyrolysis of hemicellulose and lignin in an efficient manner.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2020
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IF 3.905
Qiang Lu,Guan Zhang,Zhen-xi Zhang,Hu Bin,Kai Li
A novel way was put forward with 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) as a solid hydrogen donor to improve the selective production of 4-ethyl phenol (4-EP) from catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of bagasse over activated carbon (AC) catalyst. Both pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and lab-scale CFP experiments were carried out on the 4-EP formation affected by various factors, in order to determine the optimal conditions for 4-EP production. The results indicated that DHA exhibited promising hydrogenation capabilities to improve 4-EP formation. In Py-GC/MS test, the 4-EP reached a maximal yield of 3.21 wt% with its corresponding selectivity of 22.96 % at 350 °C under AC-to-bagasse (AC-to-BA) and DHA-to-bagasse (DHA-to-BA) ratios of 6:1 and 1:5, respectively. Whereas, the maximal 4-EP yield was only 2.18 wt% in the absence of DHA, indicating a yield increase of 47.2 % by DHA. Moreover, lab-scale experiments attained the highest 4-EP yield and the corresponding selectivity of 3.05 wt% and 16.31 % with DHA, compared with the yield of 1.67 wt% without DHA. In addition, the possible hydrogenation mechanism of DHA in facilitating 4-EP formation was revealed.
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ACS Materials Au
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2026
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IF 9.1
Yuhan Li,Zhuoyang Du,Yongheng Shi,Zeqing Liu,Lingmei Dai,Dehua Liu,Wei Du
Enzyme immobilization on solid supports enhances stability and reusability, yet nanoscale carriers such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) still face challenges in efficient recovery. While pyrolysis can magnetize Fe-MOFs, conventional methods often compromise either enzyme activity or structural integrity. This study presents a rational two-step oxidation–reduction (O–R) pyrolysis strategy to convert Meso-MIL-88A into a magnetically recyclable, mesoporous biocatalyst support (O-R500). Unlike one-step carbonization, which generates enzyme-incompatible Fe3O4, or carbonization-oxidation routes that collapse the framework, our approach first transforms the MOF into a robust α-Fe2O3 template while preserving its morphology. Citric acid then acts as a mild, slow-releasing reductant, selectively producing a γ-Fe2O3-rich phase without damaging the mesostructure. The resulting O-R500 exhibits well-defined mesopores (∼13 nm), sufficient magnetization (16 emu/g) for rapid separation, and a biocompatible surface that maintains the native conformation of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB). In the synthesis of phosphatidyl EPA/DHA, CalB@O-R500 achieved 84.5% incorporation and retained 90.3% activity over five cycles, outperforming nonmagnetic counterparts. This work not only provides a high-performance magnetic biocatalyst but also establishes a generalizable design principle for converting Fe-MOFs into structured, biocompatible, and functionally integrated carriers.
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PubMed
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
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2023
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IF 5.5
Shaoqing Wang,Yan Jiao,Zhihe Li,Zhen Wan,Yu Han,Weiming Yi
In this paper, a surface encapsulation method has been developed to synthesize the HZSM-5 @Al-KIT-6 hierarchical zeolites, due to the poor mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) selectivity and rapid coke deactivation during the catalytic upgrading lignin pyrolysis vapors. Results showed that the acidity and accessibility of HZSM-5 @Al-KIT-6 hierarchical zeolite can be modulated by changing the TEOS/HZSM-5 mass ratio during catalyst synthesis. The three-dimensional (3-D) cubic mesoporous shell can capture the bulky phenolic oligomers and pre-crack for further reforming. The highest MAH content (44.03%) and lower polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (23.79%) were produced when the TEOS/HZSM-5 mass ratio was 1.0. The hierarchical zeolites improved the yield of xylenes due to the enhanced alkylation reaction. In addition, the micro-mesoporous highway reduced the formation of coke deposition. The catalytic mechanism of hierarchical zeolites was then proposed based on the obtained results. This study provides a reference for pilot-scale experiments for the catalytic upgrading lignin pyrolysis vapors.
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Defence Technology
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2023
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IF 5.1
Chao Wang,Ying Liu,Mingze Wu,Jia Li,Ying Feng,Xianjin Ning,Hong Li,Ningfei Wang,Baolu Shi
A novel design of micro-aluminum ( μ Al) powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer, such as: Ni–P and Ni–P–Cu (namely, Al@Ni–P, Al@Ni–P–Cu, respectively), as combustion catalysts, were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP) at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants. The microstructure of Al@Ni–P–Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni–P–Cu shell, with the thickness of ∼100 nm, is uniformly supported by μ Al carrier (fuel unit), which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of ∼2.3 nm (catalytic unit). The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni–P–Cu (3.5%) could significantly drop to 316.2 °C at high-temperature thermal decomposition, reduced by 124.3 °C, in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5 °C. It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni–P–Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol. The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni–P–Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni–P/AP (118 ms), decreased by 33.90%. Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions (7597.7 J/g) of Al@Ni–P–Cu, resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion. Moreover, it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer, to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Jinxin Li,Dan Zhong,Feiyu Li,Kefei Li,Wencheng Ma,Jun Ma,Jingna Zhang,Aoshuang Sun
A bifunctional electro-Fenton (EF) cathode with Fe 3 O 4 -LaFeO 3 /C embedded graphite felt (GF) was synthesized through a hydrothermal process, which was used for in situ electrochemical formation of active oxygen species (ROS) for coal pyrolysis wastewater (CPW) removal. Experimental results illustrated that the mineralization efficiency of dimethylphenol (DMP) was achieved at 90.7 % within 150 min reaction. On the basis of quenching test and free radical detection, the ∙OH and ∙O 2 − were the detectable ROS in the hetero-EF system for DMP removal. Meanwhile, the formed oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the redox of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ promoted the oxygen adsorption and H 2 O 2 activation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further discussed that the Fe 3 O 4 -LaFeO 3 interface possessed more downward spin density of states in the conduction band, resulting in a higher total density of states (DOS) value near the Fermi level. Moreover, the Fe 3 O 4 -LaFeO 3 /C/GF cathode displayed good recyclability with low metal ion dissolution for 5 times (99.5 % DMP removal and 78.6 % TOC removal) and underlying actual CPW application potential (80.2 % of COD removal and 100 % of total phenol (Tph) removal). Overall, this work invented a novel and stable bifunctional cathode for the efficient removal of refractory CPW in the hetero-EF system.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2022
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IF 6.437
Linlin Yi,Hong Yao,Xian Li,Zhenzhong Hu,Liu Shi,Yangwei Wu
The catalytic pyrolysis is a promising method for obtaining value-added aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). For different biomass-based materials, the dual catalyst system composed of CaO-based and ZSM-5-based catalysts showed an obvious selectivity for the BTX production. This study chose CaO derived from organic calcium precursors (Org-CaO) and nano-sized ZSM-5 (NZSM-5), and comprehensively investigated the effects mechanism of biomass components on the formation pathways of BTX via Py-GC/MS. Under the catalysis of NZSM-5, the BTX yields were only 7.8–30%. The BTX yields on Org-CaO/NZSM-5 were as follows: lipid (63.1%) > hemicellulose (55.4%) > cellulose (40.2%) > lignin (21.7%). Typical pyrolysis intermediates were employed to quantitatively reveal the intermediate reactions. Pyrolysis intermediates exhibited low BTX-forming reactivity over NZSM-5. The pre-catalysis of Org-CaO selectively converted part undesired intermediates (fatty acids and furans) into BTX precursors (short-chain olefins and ketones), facilitating the remarkable increase of BTX yield in the subsequent NZSM-5 catalysis process. However, the pre-catalysis of Org-CaO can hardly make the ring opening reaction of lignin-derived phenolic compounds that have very low reactivity on NZSM-5, and thence high-lignin biomass obtained low BTX production during catalytic pyrolysis by Org-CaO/NZSM-5. These findings afforded a new route for increasing the BTX yields by directionally forming BTX precursors or controlling biomass components.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2022
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IF 6.449
Shaoqing Wang,Zhihe Li,Weiming Yi,Peng Fu,Xueyuan Bai
Catalytic pyrolysis of corn cob lignin were preformed using a tailored HZSM-5 @Al-SBA-15 hierarchical zeolite for the production of value-added aromatic hydrocarbon. Resulted showed that the highly ordered two-dimensional p6mm mesoporous shell could uniformly form on the surface of HZSM-5 core phase. The porosity and acidity of the HZSM-5 @Al-SBA-15 could be tailored by adjusting the TEOS/HZSM-5 mass ratio in the synthesis process. The aromatic hydrocarbon components regulated due to pre-cracking and enhanced diffusion via the mesoporous shell, as well as the retained shape-selectivity of the HZSM-5 core. Herein, the relative content of MAHs reached 45.02% with fewer poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of 25.91% when the TEOS/HZSM-5 mass ratio of 1.0. However, the length of the diffusion path had a certain impact on the anti-coking behavior. The catalytic stability of the hierarchical zeolites was also improved, with less coke formation than HZSM-5 alone. This work demonstrates that using a tailored hierarchical zeolite to regulate aromatic hydrocarbon components is feasible, and provide a reference for the practical application of agricultural crop wastes.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2022
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IF 16.744
Bin Hu,An-shuai Cheng,Yang Li,Yao-bing Huang,Ji Liu,Bing Zhang,Kai Li,Li Zhao,Ti-peng Wang,Qiang Lu
Selective preparation of value-added products via fast pyrolysis is a sustainable way for biomass utilization. We developed a novel strategy, oxalic acid-assisted fast pyrolysis (OAFP) of cellulose, which achieved the selective production of a promising anhydrosugar, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α- d -glucopyranose (DGP), for the first time. Effects of temperature and the mass ratio of cellulose-to-oxalic acid (Cell/OA) in their solid mixture were explored. The yield of DGP could be up to 14.0 wt% (based on cellulose) at 400 °C and the Cell/OA mass ratio of 1:9 with a lab-scale setup, about 200 times higher than that from fast pyrolysis of pure cellulose. According to the experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it was OA rather than its pyrolysis vapors (mainly formic acid) that played the predominant role in the selective generation of DGP, where OA acted as a reactant and a catalyst-like material at the same time. The formation of DGP competed with that of levoglucosan (LG), the most typical product in the fast pyrolysis of pure cellulose, and a small amount of DGP came from the secondary conversion of LG. The esterification of free hydroxyl at C3 or C6 position with OA determined the selective generation of DGP by promoting the formation of the C1 = C2 bond and the 3,6-acetal ring, and the generation of the 1,6-acetal ring was inhibited correspondingly which led to the decrease of LG. In addition, the OAFP process also showed the potential for poly-generation of value-added chemicals, syngas, and char.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2022
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IF 14.224
Xiao-Li Zhou,Pin-Jing He,Wei Peng,Shou-Xin Yi,Fan Lü,Li-Ming Shao,Hua Zhang
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used plastics. The treatment and recycling of PVC waste is still challenging, due to its non-biodegradability, low thermal stability, high Cl content and low product value. In this study, a one-pot method was developed to upcycle PVC into valuable carbon materials, pipeline-quality pyrolysis gas and chlorides. The well-designed process included dechlorination by Cl-fixative (ZnO or KOH), carbonization of dechlorinated polyenes, and modification of carbon materials in sequence. ZnO and KOH converted 84.48% and 94.15% of total Cl into corresponding chlorides, respectively. CH 4 and H 2 accounted for 81.87–99.34 vol% of pyrolysis gas with higher heat values of 30.11–32.84 MJ m −3 , which can be used as substitute natural gas. As high as 83.13% of the C element was converted into carbon materials. The morphology, structure and property of carbon materials can be modified by different Cl-fixatives. Millimeter-scale carbon spheres with mono-dispersity and porous carbon with a high specific surface area of 1922 m 2 g −1 were obtained when ZnO and KOH were added, respectively. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms of PVC with Cl-fixatives were also deciphered through thermogravimetric analysis and thermodynamic simulation.
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PubMed
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
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2021
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IF 4.311
Shao-Bo Cao,Lin-Yu Zhou,Guolei Xiang,Guang-Wen Chu,Liang-Liang Zhang,Jian-Feng Chen
Sub-10 nm Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution are prepared by a surfactant-free liquid precipitation method in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. The mean size of the material is about 8.5 nm, and is the smallest among previous reports via surfactant-free liquid precipitation. The growth mechanisms show that the sizes of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles inherit from the precursory Co(OH) 2 . Compared to the traditional stirred tank reactor, RPB can enhance the nucleation of Co(OH) 2 through enhanced micro-mixing, which leads to thinner and more uniform products. As-prepared Co 3 O 4 can show enhanced catalytic performance for ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition. The peak temperatures of AP decomposition reduce to 296.8 °C, 291.8 °C, 290.0 °C, and 286.6 °C by adding 2 wt% 22.6 nm, 15.0 nm, 10.9 nm, and 8.5 nm of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis reveal that the size-dependent catalytic activity of Co 3 O 4 for AP decomposition origin from varied O 2 activation ability and NH 3 adsorption capacity at the edge and corner sites.
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Carbon Energy
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2023
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IF 20.5
Feiyang Yang,Ying Yao,Yunkai Xu,Cong Wang,Meiling Wang,Jingjie Ren,Cunzhong Zhang,Feng Wu,Jun Lu
Although biomass-derived carbon (biochar) has been widely used in the energy field, the relation between the carbonization condition and the physical/chemical property of the product remains elusive. Here, we revealed the carbonization condition's effect on the morphology, surface property, and electrochemical performance of the obtained carbon. An open slit pore structure with shower-puff-like nanoparticles can be obtained by finely tuning the carbonization temperature, and its unique pore structure and surface properties enable the Li–O 2 battery with cycling longevity (221 cycles with 99.8% Coulombic efficiency at 0.2 mA cm −2 and controlled discharge–charge depths of 500 mAh g −1 ) and high capacity (16,334 mAh g −1 at 0.02 mA cm −2 ). This work provides a greater understanding of the mechanism of the biochar carbonization procedure under various pyrolysis conditions, paving the way for future study of energy storage devices.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）