INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Jiaqi Liu,Ruolin Zhai,Lingqi Deng,Yimao Wu,Wen Li,Fang Wang
Dye-contaminated wastewater poses severe environmental and health risks. To address this challenge, this study developed a novel composite hydrogel based on oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC). OCMC was first synthesized via sodium periodate oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose and subsequently cross-linked with gelatin (GEL) and alkali lignin (AL) to fabricate OCMC/AL/GEL composite hydrogels. The composite hydrogel has a dual-network structure stabilized by dynamic imine and hydrogen bonds. It delivers a tensile strength of 239 kPa, stretchability of 327%, exceptional fatigue resistance (100 continuous stretching cycles without failure), and self-healing ability. The optimal adsorption conditions for methylene blue (MB) were determined as pH 6.0, an adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, and a temperature of 30 °C, under which the adsorption capacity reached 103.33 mg/g within 12 h. Furthermore, competitive adsorption experiments in mixed-dye systems demonstrated the hydrogel's preferential selectivity for cationic dyes. By leveraging structural optimization and synergistic interactions, this work significantly enhances both the adsorption capacity and selectivity for MB while ensuring recyclability. These findings suggest that the developed OCMC/GEL/AL hydrogel is a promising and efficient adsorbent for advanced dye wastewater treatment.
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Nanoscale
·
2026
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IF 5.2
Miao Liu,Qiao Wang,Ruliang Li,Shaoqian Zhang,Zhiyu Huo,Yikai Zhu,Zhi Li,Xiaoxu Wu,Shuai Li
To maintain comfortable indoor conditions, energy consumption associated with building operation accounts for a substantial proportion of global energy use. To effectively reduce building energy demand, it is crucial to develop high-performance thermal insulation materials that can be integrated with building envelope structures. However, simultaneously achieving low thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity, and improved thermal stability in cellulose-based aerogels remains a major challenge. In this work, cellulose aerogels with outstanding thermal insulation properties were fabricated and further modified by surface hydrophobic treatment with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and incorporation of silica sol to overcome the intrinsic strong hydrophilicity and limited thermal stability of cellulose aerogels. The resulting PTCNF/Si composite aerogels showed excellent hydrophobic properties, with high water contact angles (122–129°), while maintaining low thermal conductivities of approximately 24–26 mW (m K)−1, indicative of good thermal insulation performance. In terms of thermal stability, the PTCNF/Si-1.5 composite aerogel containing 1.5 mL of silica sol showed a char residue yield of 58.8 wt% at 800 °C, which was significantly higher than that of the pure TCNF aerogel. Overall, the hydrophobic PTCNF/Si composite aerogels combine low thermal conductivity with enhanced thermal stability and therefore hold promising potential as functional thermal insulation materials for energy-efficient building envelopes.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Nhat Thong Tran,Tuan An Nguyen,Minh Tri Le-Phuoc,Ngoc Thuy Nguyen,Thi Thanh Van Tran,Phi Long My Nguyen,Trang Thi Thu Nguyen,To Minh Quan,Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen,DongQuy Hoang
Hybrid CMC films with Ag/Cu/CuO nanoparticles were prepared via film casting method. • Comprehensively study water permeability, solubility, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic. • Enhanced mechanical strength and water-resistant of CMC-based films support food packaging. • A sustainable framework with strong potential for food packaging applications. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a renewable chemically modified material derived from rice husk, is a promising biopolymer matrix for biodegradable films and shows strong potential for high-performance, environmentally friendly packaging. This study investigates the synthesis and properties of CMC-based packaging films, including those derived from CMC, metal nanoparticles (Ag, Cu/CuO), and/or metal–organic coordination systems. Particular attention is given to key critical for food packaging applications, such as mechanical strength, transparency, water vapor barrier performance, antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The successful preparation of the hybrid films was evaluated using FT-IR, XPS, XRD, and TGA techniques, while solid content and swelling ratio were also determined. The results clearly indicated significant improvements in the thermal and mechanical performance of the hybrid nanocomposite films, with tensile strength and elongation at break increasing by 233–286% and 107–132%, respectively. The films showed improved moisture resistance and CMC-based hybrid films containing metal–organic coordination system exhibited significantly lower humidity transmission compared to unmodified film. The hybrid nanocomposite films exhibited the highest zones of inhibition of 10.6 ± 0.7 mm against E. coli and 11.2 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus , indicating significant antibacterial activity resulting from the synergistic bacterial growth inhibition effects of Ag and Cu/CuO. The utilization of agricultural by-products enabled the sustainable fabrication of hybrid CMC-based packaging films, which demonstrate strong potential to meet functional and regulatory requirements for food packaging while supporting the transition toward sustainable and circular packaging systems.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
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2026
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IF 6
Hongyan Mou,Xinyue Zhao,Ting Wu
Aminosilane functionalization formed stable Si–O–C/Si–O–Si covalent bonds. • Cross-linked siloxane networks enabled uniform reinforcement and aging resistance. • Paper surface property differences caused varied enhancements. • APTMS-BC improved performance across paper surfaces with varying effects. • Reinforced papers showed superior resistance to humid aging and yellowing. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising nanofibrous material for paper conservation, but its inherent hydrophilicity limits interfacial adhesion and durability under humidity. Hence, we employed aminosilane functionalization using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) to construct Si–O–C/Si–O–Si covalent bridges and extend hydrogen-bond networks, thereby reducing surface energy and enhancing the interaction at the BC-fiber interface. Structural analyses (FTIR, XPS) verified successful grafting through new Si–O–C/Si–O–Si signals and an O/C ratio reduction from 0.51 to 0.40, while thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher thermal stability, indicating a denser cross-linked network. The grafting ratio reached a maximum of 12.97% at a BC: APTMS ratio of 1:8, with optimal functionalized conditions identified at 4 h and 45−55°C. Under these conditions, tensile, tear, and folding strength of APTMS-BC reinforced paper (B# newsprint) rose by 68.55%, 128.81%, and 275.94%. Moreover, APTMS-BC significantly improved the mechanical properties and water resistance of paper samples with different interface properties while inducing negligible changes in appearance. During moist heat aging, the strength and yellowing of APTMS-BC reinforced papers demonstrated superior long-term durability. These results establish APTMS-BC as a versatile nanocoating that offers both mechanical reinforcement and environmental protection, providing a promising strategy for sustainable paper conservation. Download: Download high-res image (236KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Nanomaterials
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 16
·983
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IF 4.8
Guang Hu,Tingting Zhou,Yuxin Wei,Kuankuan Liu,Jing Tang,Junqi Wang
Biochar has attracted increasing attention as a low-cost catalyst for biomass pyrolysis due to its developed pore structure, abundant surface functional groups and tunable physicochemical properties. In this study, biochars loaded with alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species were prepared by pyrolyzing cellulose impregnated with different chloride and acetate salts, including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, CH3COONa, CH3COOK, (CH3COO)2Ca and (CH3COO)2Mg. The resulting AAEM-loaded biochars were subsequently employed as catalysts for cellulose pyrolysis to investigate their effects on product distribution, particularly levoglucosan (LG) and levoglucosenone (LGO) formation. SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the AAEM precursor significantly affected the morphology and phase composition of the biochars. Chloride-derived biochars retained crystalline salt phases or formed corresponding metal oxides, whereas acetate-derived biochars exhibited more dispersed metal-containing species. The introduction of AAEM-loaded biochars generally decreased bio-oil and LG yields while increasing char production, indicating enhanced secondary cracking and repolymerization reactions. Among the investigated catalysts, alkali metal-loaded biochars exhibited stronger inhibition toward LG formation than alkaline earth metal-loaded biochars. The catalytic effects followed the order of C-KCl ≈ C-NaCl > C-MgCl2> C-CaCl2for chloride-derived biochars and C-CH3COOK ≈ C-CH3COONa > C-(CH3COO)2Mg > C-(CH3COO)2Ca for acetate-derived biochars. Notably, C-(CH3COO)2Ca and C-(CH3COO)2Mg slightly promoted LGO formation, which was attributed to the synergistic effects of alkaline earth metal species, surface oxygen-containing functional groups and acetate-derived intermediates on dehydration reactions. Thermogravimetric and kinetic analyses further demonstrated that AAEM-loaded biochars reduced the apparent activation energy of cellulose pyrolysis and facilitated thermal decomposition. These findings provide new insights into the catalytic role of AAEM-loaded biochars and suggest a promising strategy for regulating anhydrosugar selectivity, particularly for the production of high-value LGO from biomass pyrolysis.
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POLYMER
·
2026
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IF 5.1
Qingyun Xia,Yu Wang,Ming He
With the rapid advancement of information technology and the increasing demand for data security, the development of information encryption materials and technologies with multidimensional responsiveness has become an important research focus in recent years. Herein, a salt-doped cellulose hydrogel was fabricated via a one-pot strategy using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), acrylamide (AAm), and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) as the starting materials. The strong hydration capability of CaCl 2 alters the structure and activity of water molecules, thereby restricting their mobility within the hydrogel network. By varying the CaCl 2 concentration, the hydrogel exhibits a tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) within the range of 22–35 °C. Furthermore, the rehydration kinetics of the polymer chains during the cooling process can be effectively regulated, enabling dynamic transparency transitions over a timescale of 100–400 s. By assembling hydrogels with varied CaCl 2 concentrations on a label, multilevel information encryption and dynamic data storage were achieved in temporal and thermal dimensions.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Jiamei Liu,Jian Zhao,Zhenyan Lu,Guichao Tian,Hong Zhang,Chao Jia,Meifang Zhu
The inherent hydrophilicity of cotton fabrics (CFs) limits their application in advanced functional textiles. Superhydrophobic surface modification has emerged as an effective strategy to impart functionalities such as self-cleaning and oil-water separation. Here, a two-step surface modification approach—combining graft condensation with free radical copolymerization—is developed to fabricate superhydrophobic CFs. The resulting fabrics exhibit a high water contact angle of 163° and a low sliding angle of 7°, indicating excellent surface hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic layer demonstrates exceptional mechanical robustness and chemical stability, maintaining a contact angle above 144° after 150 abrasion and 30 washing cycles. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity remains stable (contact angle >150°) under harsh conditions, including exposure to organic solvents, UV irradiation, elevated temperatures, and acidic/alkaline environments. The modified CFs also exhibit excellent self-cleaning performance and maintain oil-water separation efficiency exceeding 98 % after 20 cycles. These results highlight the potential of the developed modified CFs for applications in outdoor gear, anti-fouling textiles, and marine oil spill remediation.
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BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
·
2025
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IF 10.5
Yunlu Wang,Zhenning Xie,Dongsheng Liu,Zihang Cheng,Qingyang Feng,Bo Wang,Zida An,Hu Deng,Yupeng Mao
This study develops a polyvinyl alcohol hyperstretchable cellulose-based hydrogel triboelectric nanogenerator (PH-TENG) for non-invasive cardiovascular monitoring. The device fabrication utilizes polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyethyl cellulose, with performance optimization achieved through synergistic material and architectural design. Experimental characterization reveals the PH-TENG exhibits high sensitivity (0.543 kPa −1 ) and rapid response time (41 ms), enabling precise arterial pulse wave detection with clear characteristic peak resolution. The proposed monitoring strategy integrates pulse wave signals from multiple arterial sites, employing peak interval difference extraction for cardiovascular assessment. Comparative validation demonstrates strong correlation between PH-TENG-derived heart rate data and commercial motion sensor measurements. Implementation of Binary Generalized Linear Model Logistic Regression yields 100 % accuracy in distinguishing subjects’ heart rate pulses pre-exercise and post-exercise. The developed Health Monitoring and Assessment System (HMAS) demonstrates reliable performance for long-term cardiovascular monitoring. This work provides an effective solution for non-invasive, multi-parametric physiological monitoring, establishing a technological foundation for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prevention. The system shows potential for applications in personalized healthcare and smart sports monitoring.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Jian Liu,Jianyi Song,Na Liu,Qiao Lan
A pump-free, stable and efficient aerogel reactor with abundant pores is designed using Ag-loading cellulose Pickering emulsions as a template for the continuous flow catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The fabrication of the aerogel reactor entails the two-step oxidation synthesis of aldehyde-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (ACNC), the in-situ reduction of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on them to form Ag@ACNC, the utilization of this material to stabilize a Pickering emulsion for preparing the hydrogel, and finally the freeze-drying of the hydrogel laying on a fabric strip. The emulsion-templated aerogel features abundant pores with loading Ag NPs on inner walls, enabling reactant to flow through the pores rapidly under driving by its gravity and the capillary action of the supporting fabric strip and react on the walls. The aerogel reactor achieves efficient three-dimensional flow catalysis without an external power source and exhibits excellent conversion and stability. The conversion all remains above 91.8% during the continuous flow catalysis reaction of 6 cycles (totaling 72 h), and the conversion still reaches 94.4% at 12 h after storage in air for 60 days. This emulsion-templated aerogel reactor demonstrates great potential for advancing recyclable catalytic systems, thereby paving the way for its wide applications.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
·
IF 5.4
Fangxin Wan,Luyao Ding,Wei Chen,Kejie Chen,Tianyi Hang,Yiming Chen,Shaohua Jiang,Qing Ouyang,Shiju E,Jiajia Zheng
The advancement of modern science and technology has significantly facilitated daily life and societal operations, yet simultaneously contributes to increasing electromagnetic pollution. Cellulose aerogels have shown broad application prospects for electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) due to their low density, high porosity, and adjustable structure. In this work, we first obtained fragmented MXene by ultrasonic treatment of flake MXene, and combined it with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to prepare a functional cellulose-based composite aerogel absorber via a straightforward freeze-drying technology. Thanks to the rich surface functional groups of MXene fragments, they could be efficiently attached to the surface of the aerogel skeleton, thus giving the composite aerogel excellent EMWA performance. At an ultrathin matching thickness of 1.52 mm, the absorber achieved highly efficient microwave attenuation with minimum reflection loss of −49.3 dB and effective absorption bandwidth of 4.89 GHz. In addition, the unique porous structure of the composite aerogel endowed it with exceptional thermal insulation and sound absorption capabilities. This work presents a simple and sustainable strategy to develop multifunctional cellulose composite materials for a variety of application scenarios.
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Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications
·
2026
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IF 7.6
Jiarui Wang,Fan Zhang,Xiaona Huang,Xiaotong Dong,Hang Jiang,Yungang Bai,Kun Xu,Pixin Wang
1 The development of natural polymer-based materials for the efficient and rapid removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from water remains a persistent global challenge. In this study, hyperbranched polyvinylamine (H-PVAm 1 ) was prepared via copolymerization and hydrolysis using N-vinylformamide (NVF) and the branching agent dipentaerythritol hexaallyl ether (DPHAE, 1 wt% relative to NVF) as raw materials. Subsequently, using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as the crosslinking agent, H-PVAm 1 was grafted onto the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to obtain the functionalized cellulose adsorbent H-PVAm 1 -MCC. Benefiting from the high primary amine content and three-dimensional branched structure of H-PVAm 1 , H-PVAm 1 -MCC exhibited high primary amine density (19.06 mmol/g), high specific surface area (13.5 m²/g), and good salt resistance. The maximum adsorbed amount of H-PVAm 1 -MCC for Cr (Ⅵ) reached 538 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported amine-modified cellulose-based adsorbents. Moreover, H-PVAm 1 -MCC exhibited rapid Cr (VI) adsorption kinetics, even at low concentrations (1 ppm). Within 2 min of adsorption, the residual Cr (VI) concentration satisfied the WHO drinking water guideline (≤0.05 ppm). Even in the presence of coexisting ions, H-PVAm 1 -MCC maintained a high Cr (VI) removal rate. Moreover, H-PVAm 1 -MCC exhibited good stability, maintaining 90% adsorbed amount after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. This study provides a strategy for the further development of cellulose-based Cr (VI) adsorbents.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Bei Zhang,Xin-Xin Chen,Xiao-Rui Ge,Xin-Ping Wang,Xiao-Hui Yao,Wei-Guo Zhao,Tao Chen,Dong-Yang Zhang
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is employed as a toughening agent in the preparation of composite hydrogels. However, achieving both high strength and toughness after incorporating BC into hydrogels remains challenging. Insufficient amounts of BC limit the enhancement of strength, whereas excessive BC results in reduced elongation of hydrogels. Herein, a fiber salting-out method was developed to fabricate BC/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels by modifying BC with Hofmeister series ions (–COO − , –PO 3 2− , –SO 3 − ). Through the fiber salting-out effect of BC, PVA was induced to aggregate on the BC surface, forming more crystalline domains and thereby improving the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Among them, the tensile strength and toughness of the SBCP hydrogel (BC modified with –SO 3 − ) reached the highest values, measuring 2.98 MPa and 27.48 MJ m −3 , respectively—representing 9-fold and 36-fold increases over those of pure PVA hydrogels. Furthermore, this hydrogel exhibits high electrical conductivity and favorable biocompatibility. This study presents a new strategy for fabricating tough BC-based hydrogels and provides insight into new applications for BC fibers.
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