PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
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2026
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IF 4.6
Min Liu,Fanggang Zhang,Long Qin,Chung K. Law,Ran Sui
This work presents an experimental and mechanistic study on the catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of n -butane for syngas production over a Rh/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor under fuel-rich conditions (equivalence ratios φ = 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) within a temperature range of 373–1073 K. The process initiates with total oxidation, seamlessly transitioning to partial oxidation and subsequently to steam/dry reforming regimes as temperature increases, with H 2 emerging as the first syngas product followed by CO and CH 4 . Based on the experimental observations, a reduced global reaction mechanism comprising eight irreversible, lumped steps was developed. Kinetic parameters were extracted from experimental data at φ = 1.5 and validated against independent datasets at φ = 2.5 and 3.5, with the model accurately capturing the major species trends. The Rh catalyst exhibits exceptional performance, achieving H 2 selectivity of 99.1% at φ = 3.5 and 873 K, surpassing reported values for methane and propane CPO systems. In addition, trace C 2-6 hydrocarbons were detected at φ = 3.5 and temperatures above 973 K, indicating the occurrence of hydrocarbon cracking under excessively fuel-rich and high-temperature conditions. XPS analysis further reveals a temperature-induced surface transition from oxidized Rh 3+ to metallic Rh 0 , which is associated with the high catalytic activity. These results provide mechanistic insight and useful kinetic parameters for modeling and optimizing Rh-catalyzed CPO of light hydrocarbons. Novelty and significance statement This work provides the first kinetic analysis and reaction mechanism for the catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of n -butane over rhodium, addressing a significant gap in the literature, which has predominantly focused on methane and propane. The novelty lies in the elucidation of the unique two-stage reaction pathway for n -C 4 H 10 , beginning with total oxidation, sequentially transitioning through partial oxidation, and finally to reforming. A reduced reaction mechanism comprising eight lumped steps was developed, which successfully captured the species formation and the complex non-monotonic dependence on equivalence ratio and temperature. The significance of this research is that it delivers essential theoretical insights and a practical kinetic model for utilizing n -butane, a major component of LPG and NGL, in efficient syngas production. This directly advances the application of these fuels in solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems and distributed energy technologies, enhancing energy security and reducing emissions. Ultimately, this work provides guidance for the design and optimization of fuel-flexible catalytic reactors, contributing to the transition towards a more sustainable and diversified energy landscape.
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CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
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2026
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IF 3.6
Jiaqi Luo,Yingchen Wang,Mingting Yuan,Yimin Jia,Mei Ma,Qiushuo Yu,Qiutong Zhang,Wenhao Yan
Direct observation of prenucleation processes remains challenging due to the small size and dynamic nature of early aggregates. Here, we develop an in situ spectroscopic method based on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of N-phenylanthranilic acid (NPAA) to probe early-stage aggregation in solution. The fluorescence response enables the identification of a prenucleation aggregate (PNA) state prior to the onset of macroscopic turbidity, allowing real-time tracking of the structural evolution from dispersed molecules to crystalline phases. Pathway-controlled antisolvent addition experiments suggest that the onset of PNA formation correlates with the overall solution composition rather than the specific kinetics of antisolvent addition, while the subsequent evolution shows dependence on the pathway of solvent composition change. Molecular dynamics simulations further support the formation of PNA by revealing finite-sized aggregates with evolving intermolecular interactions and structural organization. These results establish a direct link between AIE response and prenucleation aggregation and support a two-step nucleation pathway involving an intermediate state, providing a spectroscopic route for investigating early-stage nucleation processes.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 3.2
Yating Jiang,Xinrui Chen,Xuanyu Chen,Weibin Zhang,Syed Awais Ahmad,Xiankui Lv
Solar-driven CO 2 reduction is often limited by slow surface reactions and large thermodynamic barriers. In this work, we activated the hidden reactivity of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi 2 ) through controlled nitrogen (N) doping. Instead of simple physical mixing, nitrogen incorporation triggers a clear rearrangement of the crystal structure, leading to the preferred exposure of the active (110) facets and an improvement in the porous framework. Comprehensive spectroscopic analyses combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a synergistic electronic modulation mechanism. Crucially, the formation of electron-rich Mo centers significantly lowers the work function and establishes a robust electron reservoir. This configuration thermodynamically drives the rapid injection of photogenerated electrons into surface-adsorbed species, effectively reversing the rate-determining protonation step of CO 2 * to COOH* from an endergonic barrier to a spontaneous process. As a result, the optimized catalyst achieves a striking 34-fold increase in the CO production rate and reaches a CO to CH 4 selectivity of about 134. This study not only explains how activity is improved in non-oxide systems from several different aspects but also provides a clear and practical approach for designing future intermetallic photocatalysts by carefully tuning their energy bands and defect states.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.6
Meng Qingling,Hu Xianwei,Wang Qiheng,Li Jiahao,Liu Aimin,Yu Jiangyu,Shi Zhongning,Wang Zhaowen
The electrochemical Al metal extraction in the room-temperature electrolyte is considered a green and sustainable approach, where temperature serves as a critical parameter that significantly influences the process. This study systematically investigates effects of the temperature on the thermal behavior of AlCl 3 - N -methylformamide (NMF) system and corresponding electrochemical process. Firstly, the thermogravimetric analysis and the in-situ temperature-rising Raman spectroscopy are combined to reveal the thermal behavior of AlCl 3 -NMF system. The results show that AlCl 2 NMF 2 + fractures to produce NMF and AlCl 3 at 360 K, while NMF decomposes at 360 K and AlCl 3 volatilizes at 440 K. Secondly, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry illustrate that increasing temperature enhances the limiting diffusion current density of Al(III) and reduces the electro-crystallization nucleation induction time. Thirdly, XRD, SEM and non-contact optical microscope analyses indicate that the crystal orientation, the grain size, the micro-morphology, the surface roughness and the thickness of Al coatings electrodeposited in AlCl 3 -NMF system change with the rising temperature. The changes are related to the competition for the nucleation-growth of Al grains and the thermal stability of AlCl 3 -NMF system. Al coatings electrodeposited at 333 K possess the grain size of 24.8 nm, the thickness of 12.6 ± 0.5 μm and the absolute value of average roughness of 6.1 μm.
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Journal of Energy Storage
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2026
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IF 10.7
Zahid Ali,Muhammad Mamoor,Kaili Gong,Abdul Majid Khan,Tianxiang Luan,Peizhou Li,Dan Huang,Mingwang Chang,Amr Awad Ibrahim,William W. Yu
To meet the demands for high-performance electrical supercapacitors, electrode materials need to be developed with high specific capacity, high energy density, and long cycle life. In this study, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) and a zinc‑cobalt-bimetallic metal-organic framework (ZnCo-BMOF) were prepared. Then, the Zn 2+ ions present in these compounds were replaced with Fe 3+ ions using the Kirkendall effect to develop nitrogen-doped carbons containing iron and/or cobalt for supercapacitor applications. The textural properties of ZIF-8 and ZnCo-BMOF were examined using transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption test, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The nitrogen sorption test reveals that ZIF-8 and ZnCo-BMOF have specific surface areas of 1900–1970 m 2 ·g −1 . The replacement of Zn 2+ ions with Fe 3+ ions reduces the specific surface areas of ZIF-8 and ZnCo-BMOF to 700–960 m 2 ·g −1 , resulting in a less-ordered but denser structure, with microporous channels fully available for the transport of electrolytic ions during the formation of electrical double-layer capacitance. Among the synthesized materials, the Fe/Co dual metal-doped N-containing carbon material exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 144.4 F·g −1 at a current density of 0.1 A/g. It exhibits long-standing cyclic performance with 90.6% retention of capacitance after 10,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles.
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Journal of Photonics for Energy
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2026
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IF 2.5
Pengyu Fei,Yun Li,LingLing Jiao,Fan Cao,Zhouze Chen,Hongbin He,Ruoxuan Peng,XingYu Zhan,Jiancheng Zhou,Yitao Si,Naixu Li
Photothermal-assisted photocatalysis, which couples localized thermal energy with photogenerated charge carriers to overcome thermodynamic and kinetic limitations, has emerged as an effective strategy for solar-driven CO2 reduction. Herein, nanoflower-like NiO/ZnO p–n heterojunction spheres were rationally constructed via a simple hydrothermal calcination method to achieve efficient concentrated photothermal-assisted CO2 reduction. The unique nanoflower morphology provides abundant interfacial contact between NiO and ZnO, while the formation of the p–n heterojunction establishes an internal electric field that suppresses electron-hole recombination. Under concentrated irradiation (4.31 W·cm−2), the photothermal coupling effect reduces the apparent activation energy and enables the NiO/ZnO photocatalyst to deliver CO and CH4 production rates of 51.78 and 15.96 μmol·g−1·h−1, which are 7.92 and 9.61 times higher, respectively, than those obtained under nonconcentrated illumination. Photoelectrochemical measurements and in situ DRIFTS further reveal that the built-in electric field facilitates directional charge transfer from ZnO to NiO, thereby promoting CO2 adsorption and activation. We demonstrate an efficient photothermal-coupling strategy to construct high-performance catalysts for artificial photosynthesis and solar-to-fuel conversion.
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ACS Catalysis
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2026
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IF 13.6
Guilan Xu,Huan Liu,Yunlong Zhang,Wangwang Zhang,Pan Gao,Guangjin Hou,Liang Yu,Xiaoju Cui,Dehui Deng
The photocatalytic conversion of CH4 and O2 to C1 oxygenates represents a promising route for chemical synthesis, yet current systems predominantly depend on metal-based catalysts to achieve efficient light harvesting and charge separation. Herein, we report a metal-free alternative using boron confined within g-C3N4 (B/C3N4), which achieves a C1 oxygenates production rate of 28.1 μmol gcat.–1 h–1 with a 60% improvement in activity compared with pristine g-C3N4. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that boron confinement in g-C3N4 induces orbital delocalization, which enhances charge carrier separation and creates dual-functional nitrogen sites that facilitate CH4 oxidation and O2 reduction reactions. Delocalized nitrogen sites with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are responsible for reducing O2 to •OH radicals, whereas counterparts with the highest occupied molecular orbital facilitate the oxidation of CH4 to •CH3 radicals. The resulting •OH radicals can either oxidize CH4 to generate •CH3 or directly combine with transient •CH3 radicals, initiating a cascade reaction that sequentially yields CH3OH, HOCH2OH, and HCOOH.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2025
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IF 5.4
Jiexiang Liu,Ping Wang,Xiaoguang Zhang
Firstly, the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride monohydrate (HMCM) were intercalated into attapulgite (AP) to obtain CTAB-AP and HMCM-AP complexes, respectively, and then pesticide dinotefuran (DIN) was introduced into the complexes to prepare DIN/CTAB-AP (HMCM-AP) hybrids, finally the hybrids was added into N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) solution to obtain DIN/CTAB-AP(HMCM-AP)/PNIPAM hydrogels through the free radical polymerization. Their structures were systematically characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA , SEM and BET. The effect of hybrids content, crosslinker concentration and pH on the hydrogel was investigated and analyzed. The existence of DIN and surfactant molecules in the hydrogels was confirmed. Fabrication mechanism of DIN hydrogels was put forward. Release behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated in different release mediums and temperatures. For DIN/CTAB-AP/PNIPAM, DIN release amount increased from 79.5 % at 20°C to 97.7 % at 30°C. For DIN/CTAB-AP/PNIPAM and DIN/HMCM-AP/PNIPAM ( p = 4, 9.3) hydrogels, the release rates are much slower in pH= 5.0 than pH= 9.0. The release behaviors were well fitted by pseudo second-order and Ritger-Peppas models. Bioassays revealed extended efficacy against aphids (73 % mortality on third day for the third inoculation), suggesting a long duration and control effect of the hydrogels on the pest compared to the DIN water dispersible granules. This study provided a new method to improve the utilization efficiency of pesticide, and the hydrogel can be potentially used as a pesticide delivery system.
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BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2025
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IF 4.5
Jiamu Li,Aijia Sun,Han Lai,Chuanhe Li,Huayi Li,Zhengchun Yang,Peng Pan,Jie He,Rui Zhang,Chunhong Wang
In this study, an electrochemical sensor for the specific detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) was developed using an F23 aptamer-functionalized nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N doped-MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite. Systematic optimization of the Ag/C ratio revealed that a 1:10 composition delivers superior electrochemical performance, owing to synergistic effects between highly dispersed AgNPs and efficient nitrogen doping. Then a biosensor was constructed based on a three-electrode system, featuring a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with optimized N-doped MWCNTs/AgNPs-10/F23 aptamer as the working electrode. The structural and compositional characteristics of the sensor materials were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to assess the conductivity and charge transfer properties of the electrode materials. The sensor exhibited a wide linear detection range from 10 −1 to 10 6 CFU·mL −1 and the limit of detection is 0.0798 CFU·mL −1 , demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity for P. aeruginosa . This study demonstrates a novel strategy for developing cost-effective, portable biosensors with exceptional selectivity for bacterial pathogen detection, offering significant potential for real-time environmental monitoring and point-of-care diagnostic applications.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
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IF 15.7
Luo Haolin,Liu Zhixi,Lv Haifeng,Vequizo Junie Jhon M.,Zheng Mengting,Han Feng,Ye Zhen,Yamakata Akira,Shangguan Wenfeng,Lee Adam F.,Wu Xiaojun,Kazunari Domen,Lu Jun,Jiang Zhi
N-type sulfide semiconductors are promising photocatalysts due to their broad visible-light absorption, facile synthesis and chemical diversity. However, photocorrosion and limited electron transport in one-step excitation and solid-state Z-scheme systems hinder efficient overall water splitting. Liquid-phase Z-schemes offer a viable alternative, but sluggish mediator kinetics and interfacial side reactions impede their construction. Here we report a stable Z-scheme system integrating n-type CdS and BiVO₄ with a [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻/[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ mediator, achieving 10.2% apparent quantum yield at 450 nm with stoichiometric H₂/O₂ evolution. High activity reflects synergies between Pt@CrO x and Co 3 O 4 cocatalysts on CdS, and cobalt-directed facet asymmetry in BiVO₄, resulting in matched kinetics for hydrogen and oxygen evolution in a reversible mediator solution. Stability is dramatically improved through coating CdS and BiVO 4 with different oxides to inhibit Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 precipitation and deactivation by a hitherto unrecognized mechanism. Separate hydrogen and oxygen production is also demonstrated in a two-compartment reactor under visible light and ambient conditions. This work unlocks the long-sought potential of n-type sulfides for efficient, durable and safe solar-driven hydrogen production.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 24
·19522-19529
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IF 4.6
Yaqi Ren,Junchen Tian,Sangwan Li,Xi Li,Xiangyuan Zhao,Xiang Wang,Pengchong Yang,Jiaming Ni,Xixi Ji,Pingping Liu
A phosphorus (P), and boron (B) enhanced N-doped carbon nanofiber materials was prepared via a facile electrospinning method as a binder-free anode for lithium-ion storage applications. The triple-doped binder-free electrode demonstrated a high specific capacity of 611.2 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and a high capacity retention of 94.8% after 500 cycles. This work demonstrates that adding P and B in N-doped carbon materials can significantly improve electrochemical properties and provides a methodology for the development of carbon-based materials for energy storage applications.
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PubMed
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2026
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IF 17.2
Haonan Li,Wa Gao,Kangli Ma,Jian Lei,Olim Ruzimuradov,Akhtam Samiev,Ya Chen,Jingxiang Low,Yue Li
Cocatalyst loading has been extensively adopted in photocatalysis for enhancing photocatalytic performance. However, the sluggish interfacial charge dynamics between cocatalyst and photocatalyst has restricted the wide applications of such a strategy. Herein, we introduce the Ni–N interfacial bonds between lamellar nitrogen-vacancy-rich g-C 3 N 4 /CoNi 2 S 4 nanoparticles (CN-V N /CoNi 2 S 4 ) composite material to bridge the photogenerated charge carrier separation at their interface. Specifically, extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveals that these Ni–N interfacial bonds are originated from the bonding of CoNi 2 S 4 with the nitrogen atoms adjacent to the nitrogen vacancies (V N ) in g-C 3 N 4 . Experimental evidence and theoretical calculations reveal that Ni–N interfacial bonds cannot only cause an intimate contact interface between CN-V N /CoNi 2 S 4 , but also modulate the charge distribution on the CN-V N and CoNi 2 S 4 , further boosting the photogenerated charge carrier separation. More interestingly, this tailored interfacial microenvironment significantly reduces the energy barrier for key intermediates formation while modulates the rate-determining step from *COOH generation to CO desorption, enabling efficient and controllable CO production. This work establishes a methodological framework for engineering advanced photocatalysts, enabling high-efficiency conversion of solar energy into clean fuels.
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