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Additional cation doping is one of the potential strategies to enhance the thermoelectric (TE) performance of Mg 3 Sb 2 -based materials with precise regulation of interaction between cations and the host. In this work, using Mg 3 Sb 1.5 Bi 0.5 as an example, we confirmed that co-doping rare-earth elements with Y and La is capable to simultaneously improve its power factor and suppress the thermal conductivity : Y is an effective n -type dopant to regulate the optimal carrier concentration, while La doping can modulate the band structure and increase the effective mass that related to the improved Seebeck coefficient . A promising power factor of 18.3 μW cm -1 K -2 is obtained after co-doping. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity is dramatically reduced to 0.39 W m -1 K -1 at 750 K thanks to the extra defect scattering introduced by Y and La. As a result, a peak figure of merit ( zT ) of 1.76 and a competitive average zT of 1.1 among 300–750 K are achieved in Mg 3.2 Y 0.04 La 0.01 Sb 1.5 Bi 0.5 . The synergistic effect stemming from dual-cations doping provides profound insights for controllable host-dopant design and modulation toward high-efficient n-type TE materials .
Reactive dyes are widely used in textile industry, but their excessive use has caused several water pollution problems. In order to reasonably treat printing and dyeing wastewater, the highly efficient adsorbent for reactive dyes employed in this study is a new type metal–organic framework (MOF) material. Ni/Co MOF (NCM) was synthesized using the solvothermal method; then, the materials were analyzed by a series of characterization methods. This study mainly investigated the adsorption properties of NCM toward reactive dyes, and the adsorption capacities of NCM toward reactive red 218 were up to 200 mg·g–1. The results were found to conform to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model by performing kinetic and isotherm studies on the adsorption process of reactive red 218 on NCM. The results of the intraparticle diffusion model suggest that the binding of reactive red 218 to NCM was mainly divided into three steps: adsorption, diffusion, and saturation. Moreover, it was concluded by thermodynamic fitting of the adsorption process that the adsorption of reactive red 218 by NCM proceeded spontaneously and was accompanied by an endothermic reaction, in which the adsorption of both occurred mainly by electrostatic attraction. The NCM has good reusability and still has good adsorption performance after being reused 5 times. Therefore, NCM is a very promising and excellent adsorbent for the treatment of dye wastewater because of its high efficiency and reusability.
Co-doped MnCeO x /ZrO 2 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method and their low temperature deNOx performance were evaluated. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied. The results showed that the doped Co could promote the deNOx performance of MnCeO x /ZrO 2 significantly, and the doped catalyst with the Co/Mn molar ratio of 1:2 possessed the best catalytic performance. Compared with pure MnCeO x /ZrO 2 catalyst, the deNOx efficiency of the optimal 1Co 2 MnCeO x /ZrO 2 was higher to 93% at 100 °C, improved nearly by 17%. The complete removal of NO was achieved at the temperature range of 120–250 °C. The promoted catalytic performance of Co-doped MnCeO x /ZrO 2 catalyst was mainly attributed to the improvement of the catalyst support structure and surface acidity by Co. The catalytic reaction of NO with NH 3 over 1Co2MnCeO x /ZrO 2 catalyst follows both Eley–Rideal mechanism and Langmiur–Hinshelwood mechanism.
Low-dimensional (LD) materials show great potential in sensing applications due to their attractive properties. Herein, Co@N-doped carbon nanorods (CoN-CRs) were prepared via the pyrolysis of a rod-like Co-ZIF-L precursor, which was synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The fabricated CoN-CRs were characterized by a series of techniques, and their electrochemical sensing behavior towards nitrite was subsequently evaluated. Compared with Co@N-doped carbon sheets (CoN-CSs), CoN-CRs exhibited enhanced performance for nitrite detection due to their higher surface area and more accessible active sites. Under optimized conditions, the CoN-CRs-based sensor was able to determine nitrite concentration in two linear ranges (0.5–4000 and 4000–8000 μM), with corresponding sensitivity values of 1.03 μA μM −1 cm −2 and 0.82 μA μM −1 cm −2 , respectively, and a detection limit of 0.17 μM. Moreover, this sensor exhibited good selectivity, stability and reproducibility, and provided satisfactory feasibility for the analysis of nitrite in sausage samples and tap water. This work demonstrates that CoN-CRs are promising sensing materials for nitrite monitoring.
This work is mainly concerned with the synthesis of Co-Zn nanocomposites by employing MCM-41 silica as hard template (CoZnO-HT) and its catalytic behavior toward to CO 2 reforming with ethanol. The physicochemical features of the as-prepared catalysts were probed through various characterization techniques, including XRD, TEM, BET, H 2 -TPR, and XPS. Indeed, CoZnO-HT catalyst possessed a highly ordered mesostructure with similarity to MCM-41 template and a higher specific surface area (304 m 2 /g) compared to the reference CoZnO-C sample (4.75 m 2 /g) prepared by the conventional impregnation method. Consequently, CoZnO-HT exhibited good performance at low temperature, and full ethanol conversion could be achieved at 550 °C as well as the negligible formation of byproduct acetone. In addition, this catalyst depicted good stability and no obvious deactivation was observed after 40 h time on stream tests under the stoichiometric feed ratio. Indeed, superior specific surface area and efficient mass transport within the mesopores might be critical factors assigned to better activity and stability for CoZnO-HT.
As a biocompatible material with rich resources and economic benefits, montmorillonite (MMT) has been widely used in the antibacterial field as a drug carrier and toxin adsorbent. In addition, the distinctive structure of MMT provides a possibility to tune its property in a wide range through ion-exchange. In this study, Co-montmorillonite (CoMMT) was prepared by the ion-exchanging method in a Co(NO3)2 solution and its antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility were investigated. The results showed that Co was introduced into MMT successfully and led to an increase in the interlayer spacing of MMT. Also, CoMMT showed a morphology of irregular aggregates consisting of stacked and intertwined lamellae with a uniform cobalt distribution. Besides, CoMMT had better dispersity and higher specific surface area than unmodified MMT. The antibacterial test results showed that CoMMT had good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli when the CoMMT concentration was higher than 0.2 mg mL−1 and 0.4 mg mL−1, respectively. The possible antibacterial mechanism of CoMMT was speculated and verified by a combination of SEM and EDS results. In addition, CoMMT showed no obvious cytotoxicity to MC3TC-E1 at the observed antibacterial concentration. These findings demonstrated that CoMMT with good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity could be used as a novel antibacterial agent for tissue engineering.
Nanovaccines have emerged as promising alternatives or complements to conventional cancer treatments. Despite the progresses, specific co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant to their corresponding intracellular destinations for maximizing the activation of antitumor immune responses remains a challenge. Herein, a lipid-coated iron oxide nanoparticle is delivered as nanovaccine (IONP-C/O@LP) that can co-deliver peptide antigen and adjuvant (CpG DNA) into cytosol and lysosomes of dendritic cells (DCs) through both membrane fusion and endosome-mediated endocytosis. Such two-pronged cellular uptake pattern enables IONP-C/O@LP to synergistically activate immature DCs. Iron oxide nanoparticle also exhibits adjuvant effects by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species, which further promotes DC maturation. IONP-C/O@LP accumulated in the DCs of draining lymph nodes effectively increases the antigen-specific T cells in both tumor and spleen, inhibits tumor growth, and improves animal survival. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this nanovaccine is a general platform of delivering clinically relevant peptide antigens derived from human papilloma virus 16 to trigger antigen-specific immune responses in vivo.
Aliphatic and aliphatic–aromatic polyesters are used widely in the food packaging field, which is very concerned about the volatile organic compound (VOC). Typical VOCs in poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are oligomers, especially cyclic esters, which were studied using GPC, MALDI-FTICR-MS and UPLC-FTICR-MS technique. Cyclic esters with repeating unit 2–8 were found in PBS; cyclic esters with repeating unit 1–10 (or more) were found in PBAT derived from three monomers with almost all possible random combinations. Cyclic esters with repeating unit 2–4 were the most abundant structures, but only cyclic esters with repeating unit 1–3 were found in the crystalline extracted from the recovered butanediol from the product line. Cyclic esters with repeating unit 1–3 can also be extracted from methanol at 70 °C for 1 h, and the content of linear oligomers increased with increasing temperature to 200 °C. But PBAT resin cannot be decomposed to monomers at 200 °C for 1 h in methanol without other additives. Graphical abstract
Rational design and synthesis of high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with increased effective active sites and facilitated mass/electron transfer are in demand for the lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) to overcome the sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution kinetics. Herein, a simple yet effective strategy is proposed by annealing the Prussian blue analog (PBA) precursor under altered calcination conditions to achieve the efficient nano-heterojunction catalysts with optimized active sites. As a result, the obtained porous Co 3 O 4 /Co nano-heterostructures embedded in N-doped graphitized carbon matrix (Co 3 O 4 /Co@NC) exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 22,156 mA h g −1 at the current density of 100 mA g −1 and excellent stability, obviously superior to the LOBs based on the other single-component catalysts. Systematic investigations suggest that the enhanced electrochemical performance is ascribed to the Co 3 O 4 /Co nano-heterostructure interface and the N-doped porous carbon matrix. This study presents a simple and effective approach for boosting the PBA-derived catalysts with efficient reactivity for various catalytic applications.
The C/MnO/Co nanocomposite fibers were prepared via a facile electrospinning and subsequent carbonization process. Co acting as the magnetic nanoparticles and MnO nanoparticles serving as impedance modulator were introduced, effectively inhibiting the agglomeration of carbon fibers during annealing. This optimizes the microstructure and significantly improves the microwave absorption performance of the nanocomposites with diameters of 250–350 nm and rough surface morphologies . The nanocomposite fibers with equal MnO and Co molar contents exhibited the minimum reflection loss of − 71.7 dB at a frequency of 14.1 GHz and an absorber thickness of 2.3 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth reached at 6.3 GHz at a thickness of 2.6 mm. The high microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic coactions of conduction loss, magnetic loss, interfacial polarization, and multiple scatterings derived from the rational design of the constituents and microstructure of the nanocomposites.
Based on the results of qualitative analysis, a simple and accurate acidity-controlled absorption spectroscopy method for the determination of certain coexisting pigments in commercial candies is established. Using a Tris−HCl (pH 3.6) reaction medium, brilliant blue (BRI) and tartrazine (TAR) react with malachite green (MAG); tartrazine and sunset yellow (SUN) react with brilliant green (BRG); and curcumin (CUR) and sunset yellow react with crystal violet (CRY). They all form binary ion association complexes. Their linear range are 0.06–21.4 mg/L (BRI-MAG, 628 nm), 0.06–11.8 mg/L (TAR-MAG, 436 nm), 0.04–11.8 mg/L (TAR-BRG, 425 nm), 0.04–9.1 mg/L (SUN-BRG, 502 nm), 0.03–10.0 mg/L (SUN-CRY, 484 nm), and 0.03–11.1 mg /L (CUR-CRY, 390 nm), respectively. The detection limit and quantification limit of each system are 0.041 mg/L and 0.71 mg/kg (MAG system), 0.035 mg/L and 0.61 mg/kg (BRG system), and 0.030 mg/L and 0.52 mg/kg (CRY violet system), respectively. This method is simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and selective. The coexisting pigments curcumin, tartrazine, sunset yellow, and brilliant blue can be determined without pigment separation and complex mathematical model. It has been used in the determination of actual candies with satisfactory results.
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