MATERIALS & DESIGN
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2026
·
IF 8.2
Ziwei Li,Qiuying Wu,Rui Ni,Jingjing Wang,Meiyang Yang,Wenyuan Zhang,Jiaming Li,Dan Peng,Lin Song,Yao Liu
Qu@NPs/ADSCs@CS-gel integrates anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory properties for infected wound healing. • Hydrogel with genipin-crosslinked chitosan/silk sericin, encapsulated ADSCs, and surface-attached ROS-responsive Qu@NPs. • Qu@NPs release quercetin in response to ROS, effectively scavenging ROS and reducing inflammation while preserving SOD activity. • Hydrogel inhibits M1 polarization & inflammatory cytokines, promotes M2 transition & creates regenerative microenvironment. • Enhances antibacterial, proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, accelerates wound repair. Chronic infected wounds face healing challenges due to the interplay of persistent infection, excessive inflammation, and impaired angiogenesis. Conventional dressings often address only one pathological aspect, resulting in limited therapeutic effects. To overcome these barriers, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel Qu@NPs/ADSCs@CS-gel that integrates anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. The system was fabricated from genipin-crosslinked chitosan and silk sericin into a biocompatible hydrogel (CS-gel) that exhibits antibacterial activity and permits cellular matrix permeability. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were encapsulated within this hydrogel, while reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive quercetin-loaded nanoparticles (Qu@NPs), based on poly(propylene sulfide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPS-PEG), were attached to its surface. Upon wound contact, Qu@NPs are released from Qu@NPs/ADSCs@CS-gel, and PPS-PEG breaks down in response to ROS to release quercetin, effectively eliminating ROS and alleviating the inflammatory response, thereby establishing a regenerative microenvironment for ADSC-mediated repair. Qu@NPs/ADSCs@CS-gel exhibited potent antibacterial activity, reduced ROS accumulation in macrophages while preserving superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, it inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, while promoting transition to the M2 phenotype. These effects collectively improved cell proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition, accelerating the three phases of wound repair. Our findings support Qu@NPs/ADSCs@CS-gel as an advanced dressing for infected wounds.
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iScience
·
2026
·Vol. 29
·期 9
·117200
·
IF 4.5
Xudong Li,Chengzhe Yang,Xin Li,Lanxin Li,Youbin Li,Tengyue Liu,Qiang Gao,Lanfeng Huang
Summary Large bone defects remain a clinical challenge due to limited regenerative capacity. In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogels incorporating gradient nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) were developed to enhance bone repair. The composite hydrogels exhibited improved mechanical properties, controlled degradation, and good biocompatibility. In vitro , nHA-containing hydrogels promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, as shown by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and upregulation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). In vivo , implantation in a rat distal femoral condyle defect model showed enhanced new bone formation and improved trabecular structure, particularly in the 1% nHA group. These results suggest that gradient nHA-loaded CMCS hydrogels can effectively enhance osteogenesis and support bone regeneration.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Yi Li,Tian Tu,Shasha Zhou,Aixia Jiang,Jinglei Wu
Hydrogels with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial capacity have gained increasing attention in regenerative medicine. Dimethyl itaconate (DMI), a derivative of itaconic acid, exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, we report a green synthesis of a chitosan-dimethyl itaconate (CS-DMI) conjugate through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, where primary amines of chitosan attack the ester carbonyl groups of DMI to form conjugation under mild alkaline conditions. The resulting conjugate was subsequently crosslinked with genipin into a hydrogel. Our findings indicate that this reaction fundamentally changed the nature of CS, converting it from acidic aqueous solution into a nearly neutral aqueous CS-DMI solution. It improved the efficiency of genipin crosslinking while maintaining the robust antibacterial activity of CS. The CS-DMI hydrogel showed sustained drug release of DMI and greater compression strength over the CS hydrogel. The CS-DMI conjugate showed good cytocompatibility, significantly promoted macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype, reducing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. In a murine subcutaneous implantation model, the CS-DMI hydrogel significantly reduced immune cell infiltration, primarily by suppressing neutrophil recruitment and promoting a shift in macrophage polarization toward the pro-healing M2 phenotype. These findings confirm a viable strategy for developing multifunctional hydrogels that simultaneously address anti-inflammatory and antibacterial needs for modulating inflammation in regenerative medicine.
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PubMed
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Yiying Wei,Bo Cong,Xiaopu Ji,Dangyang Wang,Jinghui Hu,Zonglei Mou,Haiqing Song,Yue Zhi,Yushu Liu,Guofeng Zhang,Wan Ru Sun,Pingyu Wang,Deqiang Wang,Shuyang Xie,Ranran Wang
Flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention in recent years and exhibit promising application potential in the field of healthcare. Conductive hydrogels have emerged as ideal materials for the development of flexible wearable sensors due to their tunable structural properties, mechanical flexibility, and ease of processing. Nevertheless, most hydrogels are primarily engineered for detecting physiological signals, such as movement and electromyography (EMG), yet lack therapeutic functionalities. In addition, Previous reported hydrogels fabricated from synthetic polymers may retain residual small-molecule monomers, posing cytotoxicity risks. Herein, we report a multifunctional conductive hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polydopamine (PDA), and polypyrrole-polydopamine-MnO x nanoparticles (P-NPs), designed for concurrent motion monitoring, electromyography (EMG) signal detection, and photothermal therapy. The hydrogel was synthesized through a one-step amidation/oxidative polymerization approach, yielding an interpenetrating dual-network architecture with enhanced mechanical strength and tissue adhesion relative to single-network systems. The incorporation of P-NPs imparts high electrical conductivity, enabling real-time monitoring of physiological signals (e.g., joint movement, muscle activity), as well as effective photothermal conversion under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Notably, the hydrogel facilitates on-demand photothermal therapy to mitigate muscle fatigue upon detection of abnormal EMG signals, offering a strategy to prevent exercise-induced injury. Owing to its excellent biocompatibility and stability, the CMC/PDA/P-NPs hydrogel represents a promising platform for next-generation wearable devices integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions.
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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
·
2026
·Vol. 114
·期 4
·e70066
·
IF 3
Kebi Li,Xiaopei Wu,Peijun Xiong,Hanping He,Zinuo Xia,Yang Zhou,Liang Zhao,Jiaxin Li,Tao Liu,Hongwei Shi,Peihu Xu,Haixing Xu
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a major clinical challenge due to the limitations of autologous nerve grafting. Herein, a multifunctional composite nerve conduit was developed by integrating an oriented collagen-grafted polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun scaffold with a conductive and anti-inflammatory hydrogel to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. The hydrogel was fabricated by chemically cross-linking carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), incorporating polyaniline (PANI) to impart electrical conductivity and loading rhein (RH) for sustained anti-inflammatory release. The PLA conduit was further modified with collagen and loaded with nerve growth factor (NGF), forming a structurally guided dual-drug delivery system. The modified conduit exhibited improved hydrophilicity (water contact angle reduced from 107.7° to 68.9°) and enhanced mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 9.88 MPa). Sustained NGF and RH release reached 81.53% and 76.37% within 30 days, respectively, with stable degradation over 72 days. The conductive hydrogel displayed a uniform porous structure with high porosity (> 70%) and an electrical conductivity of 12.19 mS/cm. The electrical conductivity of the composite nerve conduit is 3.27 mS/cm. In vitro experiments demonstrated enhanced Schwann cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, neuronal differentiation, anti-inflammatory activity, and responsiveness to electrical stimulation. In vivo studies using a rat sciatic nerve defect model confirmed significantly accelerated nerve regeneration. Overall, this electrically responsive, dual-drug-loaded hydrogel-filled nerve conduit represents a promising alternative to autologous nerve grafts for peripheral nerve repair.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Yumei Hu,Yuhang Xu,Biyu He,Du Niu,Xuechun Yang,Jiaping Huang,Zhenzhen Xie,Panpan Shen,Xian Li,Maosen Bai,Ziwei Liu,Hao Li,Yunyun Yang,Jian-Wen Huang,Chun-Chi Chen,Rey-Ting Guo,Longhai Dai
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a pervasive and significant mycotoxin that poses serious health risks to humans and animals. The development of efficient biocatalysts for the enzymatic detoxification of OTA is of great importance. In this study, we enhanced the OTA-degrading activity of three amidohydrolases (ADHs) by up to ninefold. This improvement was achieved by reducing steric hindrance in the binding pocket and fine-tuning the hydrophilic interactions between the enzyme and substrate. The most efficient variant, Pw ADH/DM, was immobilized onto magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles functionalized by the co -deposition of dopamine and polyethyleneimine. Under optimal conditions, this immobilization process achieved a high immobilization efficiency (85.4%) and activity recovery (76.9%). The immobilized enzyme exhibited enhanced pH stability and thermostability, along with good storage stability, reusability, and recyclability. More importantly, the immobilized enzyme completely degraded 100 ng/mL OTA in contaminated milk without affecting the milk's properties. These findings expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing substrate binding and catalysis in OTA-degrading ADHs. Furthermore, they provide a blueprint for enzyme-based OTA decontamination during food processing.
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ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Zhicen Liu,Caiyun Wang,Junjian Wu,Ming Chen,Yue Zhang
This study developed a highly efficient immobilized phospholipase D (PLD) system using a magnetic chitosan-based carrier with the natural crosslinking agent genipin (Fe 3 O 4 @CS-Gnp-PLD). Systematic characterization confirmed successful PLD immobilization, with chitosan's abundant amino and hydroxyl groups providing stable binding sites that enhanced both enzyme loading and stability. In the sodium deoxycholate-based mixed micelle system, the Fe 3 O 4 @CS-Gnp-PLD achieved an 8.05-fold higher phosphatidylserine (PS) conversion rate than free PLD, owing to enhanced substrate solubility and improved enzyme accessibility. The immobilized enzyme demonstrated exceptional operational stability, retaining 80% activity after 6 reuse cycles and 72% activity after 12 days of storage at 4 °C. This integrated platform, combining chitosan-based enzyme immobilization with a mixed micelle system, offers an efficient, stable, and recyclable approach for sustainable PS biomanufacturing.
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BIOMATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 13.6
Xianghang Chen,Beini Wang,Jiayan Hui,Wei Shen,Longyang Xu,Anwen Lai,Rong Huang,Fuyi Yan,Qimin Yao,Zheng Zhang,Jie Xu,Xiong Cai,Fenzan Wu,Siwang Hu,Jian Xiao,Zhenglin Li
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes pathological extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue stiffening, impeding axonal regeneration and disrupting homeostasis. Galardin-mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases reduces ECM deposition and promotes recovery, but systemic administration fails to adequately address local microenvironment deterioration. We therefore explore a localized biomaterial delivery strategy via regulating the crosslinking degree of hydrogel matrix, in which high-crosslinking density of hydrogel (HCGH) tends to exacerbate neuroinflammation via Piezo1 activation as well as Wwtr1-dependent macrophage reprogramming. Based on this, we fabricate an integrated therapeutic platform where pH-responsive curcumin-succinate self-assembled prodrug nanoparticles (co-loaded with Galardin and basic fibroblast growth factor, denoted as CrS-GF NPs) are encapsulated in a low-crosslinking hydrogel (LCGH). By thorough testing on the compression spinal cord injury model of mice, the LCGH@CrS-GF system not only modulates excessive ECM deposition and neuroinflammation, but also provides sufficient neurotrophic support, thereby facilitating smooth axonal regeneration and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cords in a collaborative manner. Our study highlights the importance of using hydrogels with tailored crosslinking density to deliver therapeutics for SCI repair by stimulating beneficial biological responses and manipulating ECM deposition.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2026
·
IF 13.8
Shuhan Yong,Shanglin Li,Ting Zhang,Jingbo Liu,Zhiyang Du
Protein–polysaccharide hydrogels with clear gelation mechanisms and gastrointestinal robustness are attractive carriers for hydrophobic nutraceuticals. Here, a hydrogel composed of ovalbumin (OVA), konjac glucomannan (KGM), and genipin (GP), hereafter referred to as the OVA–KGM–GP hydrogel, was developed and found to form a self-supporting gel at room temperature. Apparent thermokinetic fitting provided an early clue that the OVA–KGM–GP system exhibited an integrated dehydration-stage signature rather than a simple additive thermal response, with ΔS ‡ values of −77.03 J mol −1 K −1 for OVA–KGM–GP and −88.55 J mol −1 K −1 for OVA–GP. Multiscale characterization further demonstrated that KGM guided OVA pre-assembly into interconnected structures, while GP fixed and compacted these structures into junction-like domains, yielding a hierarchically integrated lamellar–honeycomb network with elastic-dominant behavior. The hydrogel also exhibited enhanced gastric resistance, evidenced by a lower free amino group content after 2 h of simulated gastric digestion. As a delivery matrix, the hydrogel achieved a resveratrol encapsulation efficiency of 98.23%, and the bioaccessibility after 4 h simulated gastrointestinal digestion reached 70.23%, nearly two-fold that of free resveratrol (35.78%). These results support a bridging-locking assembly pathway for gelation and highlight its potential for hydrophobic nutraceutical delivery.
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Applied Materials Today
·
2026
·
IF 7
Gang Liu,Dan Mei,Hao Wu,Wei Zhang
A hydrogel assembly was developed for the sustained delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. • The hydrogel assembly was able to provide sustained drug release. • The CO₂ bubbles within the hydrogel provided ultrasound imaging signals. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by sustained joint inflammation and prolonged pain. Conventional oral combination therapy often suffers from mismatched release profiles of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and lacks real-time monitoring capability. To address these challenges, we developed a gastric-floating core-shell hydrogel assembly for the sustained co-delivery of acetaminophen (APAP) and methotrexate (MTX). The poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) core encapsulates the analgesic APAP, while the silk fibroin (SF) shell, featuring methanol-induced β-sheet structures, carries the anti-inflammatory MTX. This spatial compartmentalization enables independent control over the release profiles of the two drugs. Sodium bicarbonate embedded in the shell reacts with gastric acid to generate CO₂ bubbles, which are stably retained by the dense β-sheet network, conferring buoyancy for up to 48 h. Notably, these retained CO₂ bubbles serve as intrinsic ultrasound contrast agents, enabling real-time imaging of gastric retention without the need for exogenous contrast agents. In vitro drug release studies demonstrate sustained release of both APAP and MTX. This integrated platform combines spatially compartmentalized dual-drug delivery, prolonged gastric retention, and non-invasive monitoring, offering a promising strategy for oral RA therapy. Download: Download high-res image (229KB) Download: Download full-size image
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2025
·
IF 12.4
Ruimin Ran,Xiaoyun Luo,Dongmei Zhai,Yeqing He,Xin Guo,Linjing He,Guoying Li
Accurate temperature control during food transportation is essential, as temperature fluctuations can accelerate bacterial proliferation and fat rancidity. Optimal packaging strategies should, therefore, minimize temperature variability in stored food whilst proactively inhibiting microbial growth, delaying fat rancidity, and enabling real-time freshness monitoring. In this study, a multifunctional bilayer collagen film (COL-OPCD) was prepared by a layer-by-layer deposition technique, consisting of an inner layer with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pH-sensitive properties (oxidized bilberry extract/Pickering emulsion/collagen) and an outer thermally insulating layer (citric acid-diatomite, CD/collagen). The COL-OPCD film exhibited excellent thermal insulation (thermal diffusivity, 0.131 mm 2 /s; reflectivity, 64.71%), antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging, 91.83%; ABTS radical scavenging, 99.73%), and antibacterial activity ( Escherichia coli inhibition rate, 90.07%; Staphylococcus aureus inhibition rate, 87.09%), and allowed real-time monitoring of freshness through visible color changes. It should be emphasized that due to the favorable protection provided by the insulated outer layer, temperature fluctuations inside the package were minimized, with a maximum temperature of 4.80 °C lower than that of the control group, preserving the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pH-responsive properties of the inner film under high-temperature conditions. An assessment of shrimp preservation at 37 °C showed that the COL-OPCD film not only retarded temperature fluctuations in the packaging shrimp but also extended the shrimp shelf life (9 h) and monitored shrimp freshness in real-time.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Chengwei Wu,Xiyue Duan,Xuzhao He,Wenjian Weng,Hang Zhou,Gaorong Han,Zuobing Chen,Wen Chen,Kui Cheng
Neuroinflammation associated with inflammatory activation of astrocytes on the interface of implanted neural electrodes is the main cause of electrode failure. In this work, collagen/polypyrrole composite film (CPF) was designed and fabricated to modify the interface. The CPF had the co-exposure of collagen and polypyrrole in morphology, which allowed the biomimetic microenvironment provided by collagen to effectively inhibit the inflammatory activation of astrocytes. Meanwhile, the polypyrrole in the composite film significantly improved the electrochemical performance of the electrode interface, enabling it to provide an electrical microenvironment that inhibited inflammatory activation of astrocytes under electrical stimulation. Moreover, mechanistic analysis showed that appropriate electrical stimulation could upregulate calcium ion concentration while inhibit the activation of SOCE and inflammation-related signaling pathways. However, over-voltage stimulation increased ROS levels and reactivated pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In general, benefiting from having both collagen biochemical cues and the ability to regulate the electrical microenvironment, CPF enabled astrocytes to have the lowest inflammatory factor secretion and inflammatory marker expression under appropriate electrical stimulation, effectively inhibiting the exacerbation of neuroinflammation. This work provides a new perspective on anti-neuroinflammation of the electrode interfaces.
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