ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
·Vol. 30
·期 58
·121908-121914
·
IF 5.8
Zhang Dong-Chi,Ullah Abid,Tian Peng,Yu Xiao-Zhang
Root architecture is the temporal and spatial configuration of root system in the heterogeneous matrix of soil that is prone to chemical stresses. Gallium (Ga) is among the emerging chemical pollutants that are mostly associated with high-tech industries, specifically associated with semiconductors. In view of its potential risk and increasing distribution in the environment, this study was designed to evaluate the inhibition rate, Ga distribution in different tissues, and root architecture of rice seedlings under different concentrations of Ga. We observed that 2.59, 46.7, and 168.2 mg Ga/L were minimum (EC 20 ), medium (EC 50 ), and maximum (EC 75 ) effective concentrations for rice plants that corresponded to the 20, 50, and 75% inhibition on the relative growth rate, respectively. Distribution of Ga in rice tissues showed that accumulation of Ga was much higher in roots than shoots of rice seedlings, and it increased with an increase in Ga doses. Evan blue staining technique reveals that the number of damaged/dead cell was dose-dependent on Ga. Moreover, several traits associated with root system architecture demonstrating that rice root system architecture altered in response to Ga stress. Collectively, the results reveal that Ga exposure inhibited the growth and development of rice plants. This study will enhance our understanding that how different concentrations of Ga in the environment can affect plants; however, more comprehensive studies are essential to further determine plant response against Ga stress.
研究领域:
植物生理学
·
环境毒理学
·
土壤生物学
·
重金属污染
·
作物科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2015
·
IF 4.321
Lu Qi,Xianghai Meng,Rui Zhang,Haiyan Liu,Chunming Xu,Zhichang Liu,Peter A.A. Klusener
Droplet size distribution (DSD) and mean droplet size of chloroaluminate ionic liquid (IL)–heptane dispersion in a stirred vessel were investigated as a model system for the composite ionic liquid/hydrocarbon system applied in the commercial isobutane alkylation process. Focused beam reflectance measurement was used to identify the phase inversion, and particle video microscope (PVM) was employed to measure the DSD of IL-continuous dispersions. The effects of agitation speed and dispersed phase holdup on the DSD and mean droplet size were investigated. Phase inversion was found at a heptane hold-up of just above 0.5. The observed DSDs could be described well by logarithmic normal distributions in spite of variable operating conditions. The DSDs appeared to be more or less independent of the dispersed phase holdup ( ϕ heptane ⩾ 0.3) at the same agitation speed. A semi-empirical correlation based on Shinnar theory was proposed to predict the droplet mean size in the impeller region for the IL-continuous dispersion, and the predicted value agreed well with the experimental data. This work will be a good basis to predict the dispersion behavior under process conditions.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
流体力学
·
多相系统
·
过程工程
·
胶体与界面科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications
·
2012
·Vol. 32
·期 6
·1699-1703
·
IF 2.686
Jing Ma,Hou Chen,Min Zhang,Chunhua Wang,Ying Zhang,Rongjun Qu
Yb-based catalyst was used for the first time for atom transfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP) of acrylonitrile (AN) with 2-bromopropionitrile (BPN) as initiator, 2, 2′-bipyridine (bipy) as ligand, and tisn(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (Sn(EH) 2 ) as reducing agent in the presence of air. With respect to AGET ATRP of AN catalyzed by CuBr 2 , an evident increase of polymer tacticity was observed for AGET ATRP of AN. The increase of syndiotacticity became more and more pronounced than the increase of isotacticity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) along with YbBr 3 content. The block copolymer PAN-b-PMMA with molecular weight at 60,000 and polydispersity at 1.36 was successfully prepared.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
催化化学
·
聚合物合成
·
功能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
DESIGNED MONOMERS AND POLYMERS
·
2019
·
IF 1.528
Meng-Di Chen,Guo Zhang,Shi-Chang Chen,Xian-Ming Zhang,Wen-Xing Chen
In this study, 9-anthracenemethyl methacrylate (AMMA) and styrene (St) as monomers and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator were used to synthesize P(St-co-AMMA), a macromolecule tracer with a fluorescence effect, via free radical copolymerization. A fluorescent online detection device was built on the basis of the principle of fluorescence online detection by using the single-screw extrusion platform of a torque rheometer to explore the effect of the amount of macromolecular tracer and screw speed on the residence time distribution of polystyrene in single-screw extrusion. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, thermal stability, fluorescence properties, and rheological properties show that the resulting product P(St-co-AMMA) has a degree of thermal stability, fluorescence, and rheological properties similar to polystyrene, so this product can be used to characterize the residence time distribution during single-screw extrusion. The amount of macromolecular tracer P(St-co-AMMA) does not affect the residence time distribution of polystyrene during single-screw extrusion processing, meanwhile, the minimum residence time decreases and the residence time distribution becomes narrow as the screw speed increases, that is, the axial mixing capacity of the single-screw extruder decreases as the screw speed increases.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
聚合物加工工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Nanomaterials
·
2015
·Vol. 2015
·期 1
·371404
·
IF 1.644
Wei-Wen Li,Wei-Ming Ji,Yi Liu,Feng Xing,Yu-Kai Liu
This study aimed to explore the damping property of a cement-based material with carbon nanotube (CNT). In the study, the cement composites with different contents of CNT (0 wt%, 0.033 wt%, 0.066 wt%, and 0.1 wt%) were investigated. Logarithmic Decrement method and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) method were utilized to study the damping property of CNT/cement composite. The influences of CNT on pore size distribution and microstructure of composite were analyzed by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The experimental results showed that CNT/cement composite presented higher flexural strength index than that of a pure cement paste. Additional CNT could improve the vibration-reduction capacity of cement paste. Furthermore, the experiments proved that CNT could bridge adjacent hydration products and support load transfer within cement matrix, which contributed to the energy dissipation during the loading process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
建筑材料
·
复合材料
·
土木工程材料
·
功能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2018
·Vol. 45
·期 3
·3710-3714
·
IF 3.057
Yue Hu,Zhen Xiao,Huanping Wang,Can Ye,Yuqian Wu,Shiqing Xu
Porous CaSiO 3 ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method using CaCO 3 and SiO 2 as raw materials and active carbon as a pore-forming agent. The results indicated that porous CaSiO 3 ceramics could be obtained under a low sintering temperature of 1320 °C. The addition of active carbon significantly affected the volume density, microstructure, pore size distribution and mechanical strength of porous CaSiO 3 ceramics. With the increase of active carbon content, the volume density decreased, meanwhile the pore size and porosity increased gradually. Besides, the three-point bending tests demonstrated that the mechanical strength was decreased with increasing active carbon content. However, all the porous ceramics still exhibited high mechanical strength. These results implied that the increase of active carbon content not only enlarged the pore size and enhanced the porosity, but also kept a remarkable mechanical strength of porous CaSiO 3 ceramics. Therefore, these rationally designed CaSiO 3 porous ceramics will be a highly potential material in various applications due to its high mechanical strength, low sintering temperature and narrow pore size distribution.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物陶瓷
·
组织工程
·
生物医学材料
·
无机非金属材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2016
·Vol. 133
·期 30
·
IF 1.866
Guiming Xie,Pengju Pan,Yongzhong Bao
Evolutions of drop/particle size and size distribution in liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were monitored by using an online optical reflectance measurement (ORM), and effects of operating parameters such as the agitation rate, concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dispersant, and initial concentration of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in MMA monomer on the Sauter mean diameter ( d 32 ) and size distribution of drop/particle were investigated. According to the variations of d 32 of drops/particles with time, four characteristic particle formation stages can be identified for suspension polymerization process. The factors that lead to increase the rate of drop break up, such as increasing of concentration of PVA and decreasing of viscosity of dispersed phase, would postpone the particle growth stage. The d 32 and size distribution breadth of drops/particles were significant increased when the liquid–liquid dispersions or suspension polymerizations were conducted at low PVA concentrations or MMA/PMMA solutions with high PMMA contents were used as the dispersed phase, in consistent with the scanning electron micrograph observation on final PMMA particles. It is clear that ORM can be effectively applied in online monitoring of size and size distribution of drops/particles in the liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43632.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
化学工程
·
反应工程
·
材料科学
·
过程监测
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Luquan Ren,Wangxuan Li,Zhenguo Wang,Xueli Zhou,Chao Xu,Yulin He,Zhengyi Song,Qingping Liu
Spruce branches have a continuous gradient in the microfibril angle of helically entwined cellulose fibrils in their internal cell walls, which confers the modulation of the site-specific mechanical properties. This paper draws inspiration from the microstructure within spruce branches and successfully fabricates a biomimetic structural material assembled from stiff and soft resins in a double-helix distribution using rotational co-extrusion 3D printing . The tunability of the mechanical properties of the helical structural material can be achieved by regulating the helical degree and ratio of two resins in the extrusion filament in real-time. Additionally, a strategy for controlling failure is proposed through dynamic programming of the local structure within the printed sample. Furthermore, compared with the homogeneous beam, the prepared spruce-like beam can effectively mitigate stress concentration during the loading process, achieving greater deformation capacity. This helical structural material is expected to meet customized mechanical performance requirements and enrich the bionic structural material system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
仿生学
·
高分子材料
·
力学性能优化
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·Vol. 33
·期 3
·261-265
·
IF 2.267
Shuangbing Li,Jixiao Wang,Song Zhao,Wei Cai,Zhi Wang,Shichang Wang
The spherical silica particles in narrow size distribution with different diameters of 90 nm, 200 nm, 320 nm and 400 nm were prepared by the modified Stöber method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The phase composition of particles was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that each of the silica particle samples was in amorphous state. The shear thickening fluids (STFs) comprising 53 vol.% of silica particles and 47 vol.% of polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 200 g mol −1 (PEG200) were prepared and evaluated. The influence of size and size distribution on the critical shear rate and the intensity of shear thickening were analyzed. The STFs prepared by silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 90 nm showed the giant rheological effect with the critical shear rate of 2.51 s −1 , the largest viscosity of 45,500 Pa∙s and the yield stress of 181 kPa. The experiments and the analysis results demonstrated that the suspensions prepared by nanoparticles have high intensity of shear thickening.
研究领域:
胶体化学
·
流变学
·
纳米材料科学
·
软物质物理
·
功能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
·
2012
·Vol. 50
·期 24
·4995-4999
·
IF 3.919
Zhihai Hao,Hou Chen,Delong Liu,Lijun Fan
Sn(0)-mediated single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) of acrylonitrile (AN) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) as initiator and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as ligand in N, N -dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied. The polymerization obeyed first order kinetic. The molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) increased linearly with monomer conversion and PAN exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions. Increasing the content of Sn(0) resulted in an increase in the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution. Effects of ligand and initiator were also investigated. The block copolymer PAN- b -polymethyl methacrylate with molecular weight at 126,130 and polydispersity at 1.36 was successfully obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
聚合反应
·
功能高分子
·
材料化学
·
有机合成
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2015
·Vol. 132
·期 25
·
IF 1.768
Xiao-Hui Liu,Fei-Jun Zhang,Hui-Na Li,Xiao-Hui Hu,Wen-Li Di,Shuang Zhao
A facile, safe, and inexpensive reducing agent, sodium hypophosphite (NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O), has been successfully used to perform ambient temperature living radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St). The rapid radical polymerizations were readily obtained at 25°C, i.e., MMA reached a conversion of ca 90% after 2.5 h, and St reached a conversion of ca 80% after 40 h. The polymerizations of MMA and St exhibited excellent living/controlled nature, as evidenced by pseudo first-order kinetics of polymerization, linear evolution of molecular weights with increasing monomer conversions, and narrow molecular weight distributions. The various experimental parameters—ligand, solvent, and molar ratio of NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O to CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O—were varied to improve the control of polymerization, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. 1 H NMR analyses and chain-extension reactions confirm the high chain-end functionality of the resultant poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42123.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
聚合反应工程
·
功能高分子材料
·
可控/活性聚合
·
绿色合成方法
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 46
·期 1
·e14007
·
IF 2.72
Jing Liu,Zhongan Zhu,Yuhang Yang,Michael Adu-Frimpong,Lin Chen,Hao Ji,Elmurat Toreniyazov,Qilong Wang,Jiangnan Yu,Ximing Xu
A liposome of Licochalcone A (LCA-Liposomes) was purposively prepared to ameliorate the low in vivo availability and efficacy of LCA. Physical characterization of LCA-Liposomes was carried out mainly by determining particle size, morphology, zeta potential (Z-potential), and efficiency of LCA encapsulation (EE) via appropriate techniques. Also, the rate of LCA release in vitro and distribution in vivo (plasma and tissues) was evaluated. Evaluation of the antirenal activity of LCA-liposomes was carried out by establishing chronic renal failure (CRF) model in mice through intragastric administration of adenine (200 mg/kg) and subsequent determination of biochemical parameters and examination of tissue sections. Respectively, the mean size of liposomal particles, Z-potential and EE of LCA-Liposomes were 71.78 ± 0.99 nm, −38.49 ± 0.06 mV, and 97.67 ± 1.72%. Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies showed that LCA-Liposomes could improve the availability of LCA in the blood and tissues, whereas during pharmacodynamics studies, the liposome effectively improved the therapeutic effect of LCA on CRF mice by potentially protecting the renal tissues while exhibiting antioxidant activity. In conclusion, LCA-Liposomes could effectively improve the bioavailability of LCA and provide platform for the development of LCA-related functional products. Practical applications As a traditional Chinese medicine, licorice is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. LCA is a small molecule flavonoid extracted from the root of licorice. In this study, LCA was loaded on liposome carriers, which significantly improved the water solubility and oral bioavailability, and proved that LCA-Liposomes have certain therapeutic effects on chronic renal failure, thereby providing a basis for the development of LCA into drugs or functional food in the future.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
药理学
·
分子药理学
·
药物代谢
·
纳米医学
·
中药药理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）