Horticulturae
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2026
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·858
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IF 3.4
Yuxuan Yin,Yingjie Mao,Yuanbo Zhang,Jie Chen,Mingxing Tu,Xianhang Wang
HighlightsWhat are the main findings?We optimized novel IBA–melatonin (MLT) and IBA–citric acid (CA) compound rooting formulas for hardwood cuttings of seven grape rootstocks, with 400 mg/L IBA + 1.2 mM MLT screened as the optimal universal formula.The optimal MLT combination significantly improved root morphology, root activity and soluble substance accumulation, and balanced endogenous hormone levels in grape rootstock cuttings.Transcriptome analysis revealed that MLT promotes adventitious rooting mainly by regulating plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signaling pathways in grape rootstocks.What are the implications of the main findings?The optimized formulas provide practical technical support for large-scale and standardized propagation of grape rootstocks.The clarified physiological and molecular mechanisms advance the theoretical research on rooting regulation of woody plant cuttings.This work provides a new reference for the application of MLT and CA as efficient rooting promoters in horticultural cutting propagation.Efficient rooting is essential for the propagation of grape rootstocks. This study aimed to identify an effective rooting formulation for hardwood cuttings and to investigate its underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. Seven grape rootstocks were treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) combined with melatonin (MLT) or citric acid (CA), with IBA plus naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and water serving as controls. Rooting performance was comprehensively evaluated using morphological traits, physiological characteristics, endogenous hormone contents, and transcriptome analysis. Among all treatments, 400 mg/L IBA combined with 1.2 mM MLT exhibited the best rooting performance. This treatment significantly enhanced root activity, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents. It also increased IAA and GA3levels and improved the IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA ratios compared with the controls. Transcriptome analysis of ‘110R’ revealed that MLT-responsive genes were mainly enriched in plant–pathogen interaction, hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathways. Transcription factor families including MYB, ERF, and NAC were identified as potential regulators. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that IBA–MLT combined application promotes rooting by regulating physiological metabolism, hormone balance, and gene expression, providing a theoretical basis for improving grape propagation efficiency.
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INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 6.3
Yang Xiaoxiao,Yang Nengjie,Wang Yunan,Xiao Jun,Gu Zhifeng,Dong Chen
Background Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized mainly by xerostomia (dry mouth), xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and damage of immune system. Recent studies have found that SS patients frequently experience neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression and fatigue, suggesting potential underlying mechanisms involving complex immune-neural interactions. However, current therapeutic strategies targeting this immune-neuropsychiatric axis remain limited. Agomelatine (AGO), a novel antidepressant classified as a melatonin (MLT) receptor agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, has yet to be fully investigated for its immunomodulatory potential and therapeutic application in SS. Objectives This study explores the immune–neuropsychiatric interaction in SS using Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, and investigates the therapeutic potential of AGO, highlighting its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Methods NOD mice were divided into blank control, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, a basic immune regulatory drug), MLT, and AGO groups; ICR mice served as healthy controls. All received intraperitoneal injections for 4 weeks. Behavioral tests (open field and tail suspension) were conducted. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to systematically evaluate splenic T cell and B cell subsets. The results showed that only the proportions of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells exhibited significant differences, whereas no obvious changes were observed in B cells or regulatory T cells (Tregs).Salivary gland tissues were assessed by Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining for inflammation and damage, and by immunofluorescence for Th1-epithelial cell co-localization. Results AGO-treated mice showed significantly shorter immobility time in the tail suspension test versus untreated NOD controls, indicating reduced despair. AGO intervention also reduced splenic Th1 and Th17 cell proportions, alleviated salivary gland lymphocyte infiltration, and decreased Th1-epithelial cell co-localization, suggesting inhibition of Th1 cell migration to target tissues. Conclusion AGO significantly improved behavioral performance, reduced the proportion of Th1 cells in the spleen, and alleviated inflammatory infiltration in the salivary glands of NOD mice. These findings suggest that the drug may exert therapeutic effects by modulating immune responses and neurobehavioral functions, positioning it as a promising candidate for the treatment of SS.
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 7.3
Hongbin Chen,Yuzhao Lin,Qianying Zhuang,Xuanjing Jiang,Yazhen Chen,Yihui Chen,Hetong Lin
Melatonin enhanced chilling tolerance and reduced chilling injury in cold-stored guava. • Melatonin preserved cell membrane integrity in cold-stored guava. • Melatonin enhanced ROS-scavenging ability of cold-stored guava. • Melatonin reduced ROS accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation in guava. • Melatonin lowered activities of membrane lipid-degrading enzymes in cold-stored guava. Guava fruit is highly susceptible to chilling injury during low-temperature storage. Melatonin acts as an effective approach to mitigate chilling injury in fresh produce during cold storage. In this work, the effects of 100 μmol/L melatonin treatment on chilling injury and the metabolisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane lipid in guava fruit during storage at 4 ºC were explored. The results indicated that, compared to the control group, the melatonin-treated guavas exhibited the lower chilling injury incidence and cell membrane permeability, along with lower levels of O 2 -. , H 2 O 2 , and MDA. Additionally, the treated fruit showed the enhanced activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX, higher contents of AsA, lycopene, and GSH, and higher levels of DPPH radical scavenging ability, and reducing power. Furthermore, melatonin application lowered the activities of lipase, LOX, and PLD, resulting in higher levels of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and USFAs, but lower levels of phosphatidic acid, and SFAs. Consequently, the indices of IUFA and U/S were also higher in the melatonin-treated guavas. Therefore, melatonin treatment mitigated chilling injury in cold-stored guavas through enhancing the ROS-scavenging system to reduce ROS generation and accumulation, as well as through inhibiting the activities of membrane lipid-degrading enzymes to maintain higher levels of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and USFAs, thereby preserving the integrity of cell membrane.
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MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 63
·期 1
·837
·
IF 5.5
Wang Yan,Yuan Bin,Li Yunzi,Sun Yan,Xie Yi,Cheng Hao,Zhang Yao,Wu Qi,Tang Jun
Neuropathic pain (NP) presents a significant challenge for patients with chronic diseases, characterized by spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia, with recent studies highlighting the involvement of the gut microbiota in its pathogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that melatonin mitigates systemic inflammation and remodels gut microbiota. The present study further explored the mechanism by which oral melatonin ameliorates pain-related behavior following peripheral nerve injury. In this study, mice with chronic constriction injury (CCI) were orally administered melatonin (100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Pain behaviors were evaluated using mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests. Gut microbiota profiles were assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and microbiota-dependent effects were verified through antibiotic treatment (ABX) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Linoleic acid (LA) levels in serum and spinal cord were measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD in spinal cord tissue was examined by immunoblotting. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the mechanical pain threshold and prolonged thermal withdrawal latency in CCI mice. It also remodeled the dysbiotic gut microbiota, and these protective effects were abolished by antibiotic treatment but restored by FMT. Protein analysis revealed upregulation of NLRP3 and GSDMD in CCI mice, both of which were suppressed following melatonin administration. Moreover, melatonin-induced microbiota modulation elevated LA levels in serum and spinal cord. Supplementation with LA alone alleviated NP and inhibited NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD activation. These findings suggest that oral melatonin treatment effectively ameliorates NP in CCI mice associated with the neuroinflammation and microbiota-metabolites-brain axis.
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JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
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2026
·Vol. 78
·期 5
·e70182
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IF 7.5
Jiancheng Yang,Jingmin Che,Ming Yang,Yan Feng,Qingmei Li,Yuhong Zeng
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is linked to iron accumulation. Melatonin has iron-chelating and antioxidant properties, but its mechanism against osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated whether melatonin suppresses osteoclast formation by targeting the iron/ROS-CREB-PGC-1β-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis pathway. In vitro , bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were treated with RANKL and melatonin (10–1000 nM). Melatonin concentration-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation, reduced intracellular ferrous and total iron levels, decreased ROS and oxidative stress markers, and suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, melatonin indirectly suppressed PGC‑1β expression via inhibition of CREB phosphorylation, without affecting PGC‑1α expression. The CREB activator forskolin reversed melatonin's effects, whereas the CREB inhibitor 666-15 mimicked them. In vivo , ovariectomized (OVX) mice received weekly injections of iron dextran to model moderate iron overload, with or without oral melatonin. Melatonin ameliorated iron‑induced bone loss, improved bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties, reduced tissue iron stores and bone ROS levels, and suppressed osteoclast mitochondrial biogenesis and the CREB/PGC-1β pathway; these effects were counteracted by forskolin. In conclusion, melatonin prevents osteoclastogenesis and counters bone loss due to iron accumulation in estrogen‑deficient conditions by chelating iron, scavenging ROS, and blocking the iron/ROS‑activated CREB/PGC‑1β axis, thereby suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis. This study offers a mechanistic explanation for using melatonin as a possible treatment for PMOP, particularly when accompanied by iron overload.
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SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
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2026
·
IF 3.1
Farwa Basit,Saghir Abbas,Javaid Akhter Bhat,Pongsakorn Nitmee,Parvaiz Ahmad,Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
Vanadium (V) toxicity impairs pea plants' secondary metabolites, nutrient acquisition, and photosynthesis. • V toxicity increases oxidative stress biomarkers in rice plants. • Melatonin (MT) mitigates V toxicity and promotes growth. • MT improves nutrient acquisition and antioxidant activity in rice leaves under V stress. • MT regulates phytohormone-related genes, enhancing rice biomass and growth. Vanadium (V) stress is a potential challenge for sustainable crop production and healthy plant growth. The potential of melatonin (MT) in V stress mitigation has remained unexplored in the pea plant. In the present study, we investigated the role of exogenous melatonin (MT1; 45 µM, MT2; 75 µM) application in diminishing the adverse effect of V exposure (100 µM) in pea seedlings. Our results showed that V stress negatively affected the germination, biomass, photosynthetic attributes, secondary metabolites, and nutrient acquisition, as well as increased oxidative stress. Moreover, V stress has altered the expression of phytohormone-related genes via enhanced uptake of V. Conversely, the supplementation of MT significantly reversed the negative effect of V stress. Furthermore, MT2+V treatment decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and improved the photosynthetic attributes, rate of respiration, total phenol, and flavonoid content. Besides, MT2+V enhanced the antioxidant defense system activities, as well as the nutrient content (K, Mg, and Zn) while decreasing the V uptake. The MT2+V treatment also modulated the expression levels of phytohormone-related genes in pea seedlings, with LOX1, LOX2, ACS3 , and JAR1 being upregulated, while OPR1 and NCED 2 were downregulated, which might enhance the plant defense against overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, the present study provided the key insights about the possible role of the MT in the modulation of V stress in pea plants, as well as its use as a priming agent in the alleviation of heavy metal stresses in crop plants.
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iScience
·
2026
·Vol. 29
·期 3
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IF 4.5
Chencheng Dai,Yiwei Cao,Yiran Xu,Moyuan Li,Guangquan Liu,Sujuan Xu,Nuo Ye,Changxiang Shi,Tiantian Fan,Pengfei Xu,Xuemei Jia
Ovarian endometriosis (OvE) is a gynecological disorder with endometrial tissue in the ovaries, for which effective non-invasive diagnosis and curative treatments are currently lacking. Serum samples were collected from both discovery and validation cohorts to examine the metabolomic signatures. Fifty-six differential metabolites between patients with OvE and healthy controls were identified using untargeted metabolomic profiling. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was further conducted to validate the differential metabolites. Subsequently, twenty-one metabolites were selected for further validation using targeted metabolomic profiling. Five machine learning algorithms confirmed the efficacy and stability of these metabolites for diagnosing OvE. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator -logit regression identified six serum metabolites and two clinicopathological features with high diagnostic accuracy. Three differential metabolites were found to exhibit therapeutic potential for OvE in an in vivo study. Diagnostic, predictive, and therapeutic potential of serum metabolomes for OvE are provided in this study.
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PubMed
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Environmental Science-Nano
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Saiqa Menhas,Minjie Chen,Hui Jin,Jiang Xu,Saiyong Zhu,Muhammad Iqbal Zaman,Jie Hou,Daohui Lin
Developing environmental regulation strategies to reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice while promoting selenium (Se) enrichment is crucial for global food safety and remains a significant challenge. Here, we evaluated a stage-specific co-application approach involving nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) amendment to soil and foliar spraying of melatonin (MT), which decreased grain Cd concentrations by up to 64% while elevating grain Se content by up to 74% in pot experiments. It also enhanced the Se bioconcentration factor (≈63%) and the leaf-to-grain translocation factor (≈77%), indicating improved uptake and redistribution under Cd stress. Mechanistic analyses revealed synergistic metabolic reprogramming: antioxidant defenses were strengthened by elevated ascorbate peroxidase activity, which reduced hydrogen peroxide and restored redox homeostasis. Transcriptomic profiling revealed suppression of Cd influx transporters and activation of genes involved in vacuolar sequestration, antioxidant metabolism, and Se transport, thereby restricting Cd translocation while promoting Se accumulation. Rhizosphere microbiomes were enriched with beneficial taxa, including Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacillota, which contributed to Cd stabilization and Se bioavailability. This nZVI–MT combined strategy offers a viable strategy for producing safe and nutritious rice.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 5.2
Yuying Han,Xingyu Hou,Rui Hu,Xiaopeng Yang,Lin Hou,Xue Sun,Yuguang Lv,Lixin Ding,Ze Li
A straightforward yet sensitive dual-signal strategy was developed for the detection of melatonin (MT), based on the fluorescence properties and peroxidase-like activity of zinc‑nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Zn,N-CDs). Through hydrogen bonding, electron transfer, as well as coordination interactions with MT, Zn,N-CDs undergo fluorescence quenching driven by the synergistic effects of static and dynamic mechanisms. Meanwhile, the generated singlet oxygen oxidizes 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into the blue-colored oxidized product (oxTMB), thus producing a ‘triggered’ dual-signal response. This platform enables simultaneous fluorescence and colorimetric analyses, offering wide linear ranges (fluorescence: 2–600 μM; colorimetry: 5–500 μM) and remarkably low detection limits (0.020 μM and 0.999 μM, respectively). Furthermore, the method exhibits excellent selectivity and has been successfully applied to pharmaceutical sample analysis, highlighting its promise for visual quality monitoring of relevant products.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2026
·
IF 4
Ming Wu,Yu Liang,Hao Lei,Lin Li,Xia Zhang,Yi Yuan,Bing Li
BACKGROUND Due to weak stability and bioavailability, γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and naringenin (Nar), two agents with sleep-promoting activities, are limited in practical application. To improve their sleep-promoting efficacy, this study developed a stability-enhanced co-loaded liposomal system (GABA-Nar-Lip) as a lyophilized powder. RESULTS The non-lyophilized GABA-Nar-Lip exhibited good dispersibility, with an average particle size of 161.34 ± 1.68 nm, and achieved encapsulation efficiencies of 46.18 ± 0.32% (GABA) and 82.01 ± 1.33% (Nar), respectively. The stability of GABA-Nar-Lip was significantly enhanced after lyophilization with sugars (especially 0.10 g mL −1 trehalose) as cryoprotectants (CPAs), and maintained targeted release in the small intestine. The CPAs exerted cryoprotective effects by replacing water molecules and forming hydrogen bonds with soy phosphatidylcholine, thereby preserving the spherical structure and unilamellar vesicle morphology of the liposomes. In caffeine-induced zebrafish models, lyophilized GABA-Nar-Lip showed an inferior but still significant effect in sleep latency reduction. Moreover, it decreased nocturnal twitching activity and enhanced daytime locomotor activity on the following day, without the adverse effects associated with melatonin, such as poor sleep quality and reduced daytime activity. CONCLUSION The stabilized lyophilized GABA-Nar-Lip powder is a promising, safe sleep aid with balanced efficacy and no compromise to next-day performance, supporting its potential application in dietary sleep interventions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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iScience
·
2025
·
IF 4.1
Hechen Shen,Xu Bao,Bingcai Qi,Xiaoyu Liang,Yun Chang,Xiaomin Hu,Wenqing Gao,Di Sun
Myocardial infarction (MI) poses a severe threat to human life, and timely reperfusion of ischemic myocardium stands as the most effective treatment approach. However, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) could lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), worsening myocardial injury. In this investigation, a ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel encapsulating melatonin (MLT) was synthesized. This hydrogel could provide a controlled release of MLT, markedly enhancing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy-modulating effects, thereby significantly mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Moreover, this study proposes an injection method of ultrasound delivery, which offers significant advantages to MI patients without the necessity of thoracotomy In conclusion, This ROS-responsive hydrogel loaded with MLT established the basis for minimally invasive treatment of myocardial I/R injury, which has considerable potential for the treatment of MIRI.
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PubMed
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Materials Today Advances
·
2026
·
IF 8
Youbin Li,Xin Li,Tengyue Liu,Chengzhe Yang,Qiang Gao,Lanfeng Huang
The failure of titanium implants in osteoporotic patients is frequently attributed to a disrupted microenvironment characterized by excessive oxidative stress and an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. To address this, we engineered a functionalized composite scaffold (Ti/Gel/ZM) by incorporating melatonin-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles into a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel on a 3D-printed titanium alloy scaffold. This scaffold was designed to provide a pH-responsive release of zinc ions and melatonin, triggered by the acidic osteoporotic microenvironment. In vitro assays demonstrated that the scaffold effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and rescuing the osteogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via the upregulation of Runx2, ALP, BMP2 and COL1. Simultaneously, the composite scaffold significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo evaluation in an ovariectomized rat model confirmed that the Ti/Gel/ZM scaffold promoted rapid osseointegration and trabecular bone regeneration, as evidenced by enhanced bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness. These results suggest that the Ti/Gel/ZM composite scaffold is a promising candidate for improving the osseointegration of titanium alloy implants in osteoporotic bone.
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